纲目名水龟，于主治下云∶令人不渴，杀鸡犬，不知有治痔之功，更为补之。按∶水马
四、
五月内出浮水面，身硬脚长，池沼中甚多，性喜食蝇。予在瓯亲见小儿捕之嬉戏，用钓竿系
绳，绳头穿一蝇，掷水面，诱之即来，以四足抱蝇不放，因而获之。
治痔 东医宝鉴有水马散∶夏月三伏内，于止水中采婆子，一名水马儿，高脚水面跳走
是也
。采取三十个，用三个纸包，每包十个，于背阴处悬挂阴干，每包作一服，研烂，空心酒调
下，良久乃吃饭，三日连三服，十日内效，久痔脓血者，二、三十服绝根。
俗呼臭虫，以其气腥秽触鼻，故名，行必南向，为南方秽湿所产。今江南北人家多有之，
稍
不洁即生此物，亦有远行于旅店驿舍中带入衣被，归家即生。极易蕃育，一日夜生九十九子
，与螽斯同。其形俨如半粒豌豆，老则黑，次则枣皮红，初生者色黄而细小。其子如蚁子，
白色，卵生与虱同。初生便啮人，生一、二日即能褪壳，愈褪愈大，渐渐而老，色转红而黑
，老者啮人愈毒。多藏 荐中及壁内，或桌凳床缝间，其身遍而易入。至冬则入蛰，多藏
泥沙山穴中，及古树根下，交春皆启蛰，而出入人家壁木内藏。性畏蚁，山中有一种红蚁，
喜食之，故近山及山寺僧舍此物甚少；有带入者，辄为山蚁衔去。其啮人尤狡黠，不与蚤、
虱同。昔人谓暑时有五大害，乃蝇、蚊、虱、蚤、臭虫也，然蝇、蚊迭为昼夜，蝇可挥拂，
蚊可设帐，虱则暑时裸浴，生者绝少，蚤则因土湿而生，夏时土干，亦不甚患，惟此最可憎
，无分昼夜，潜身床褥及几闼间，善识人气，伺人一徙倚，即 其膏血，肿块累累，如贯
珠然，愈爬搔则愈大，痛痒难禁，小儿肉嫩，尤遭其苦，辄 号不已。或云其物口有白气
一
、二寸，啮人能隔席穿肤吮血，索之不可得；在床褥辄夜聚晓散，率其丑类，待人倦睡而恣
啖焉。古方辟除之法甚多，无一验者，惟席下铺零陵香草及樟脑，可稍杀其势，然隔一、二
日，药气减则横虐愈甚；惟用真扬州安息香，涂上好银朱为衣，燃床下，周遭以席护，令烟
熏透，则壁虱尽死，子亦不能复生。第香气恶烈，触鼻令头痛，须熏后停一、二日方可卧宿
。贫家何能办理？古云∶南方淫气生短狐，此亦淫湿腥秽之气所感而生，凡勤洁之家鲜有之
。闽人云，此虫滚水泡死者能复生，惟有以冷水浸死不能复生。山堂肆考∶壁虱身扁而臭，
不能跳，善啮人，名曰茭蚤，又名扁虱。五杂俎∶壁虱闽人谓之木虱，多杉木所生。治者以
荞麦 烧灰水淋之。江南壁虱多生水中，惟延绥生土中，遍地皆是，入夜则缘床入 ， 人
遍体成疮，虽徙至广夏，悬床空中，亦自空飞至。事物绀珠∶壁虱一名壁驼，遍小褐色，
而啮人。六书故∶扁虱着牛马食其血，产荐蓐间差小， 人肤，俗谓荐蚍，又名茭虱，今人
讹为壁矣。是古人虽有其名，从无入药者。纲目并不列其品，近来治疗有用此者，故录之，
见天下无弃物也。
气腥，味微咸，性平，在土者有毒。（凡用壁虱，须置温水中令其臭气泄尽，入药。）
治咽膈 集听方∶用虱十枚，滴花，烧酒浸服。
饭 百草镜云∶用臭虫研涂。
疮臭烂 西亭药镜∶用臭虫同水龙骨捣和，麻油调敷，出尽黄水，立愈。
眼生偷针 臭虫血点之，即散。
海上方有用壁虱治小儿惊风。用壁虱于净水中漂去臭气，焙干入药。
拔疔 杨氏经验方∶臭虫同米饭捣匀，搽疔上，能立拔疔根外出。
鱼刺戳。医宗汇编∶凹谷茴香叶，使盐花烧酒捣糊疮上；如口久烂，用臭虫 去头敷
之。
《本草纲目》中记载的水龟，在其主治功效下提到：能使人不口渴，能杀死鸡和狗。书中不知道它有治疗痔疮的功效，因此我在此补充说明。据观察：水马在农历四、五月间浮出水面，身体坚硬，脚长，在池塘沼泽中非常多见，性喜食苍蝇。我在温州亲眼见到小孩捕捉它来玩耍，用钓竿系上绳子，绳头穿一只苍蝇，扔在水面上引诱它，它一闻到气味就游过来，用四只脚抱住苍蝇不放，从而被捕获。
治疗痔疮：《东医宝鉴》中有水马散：在三伏天期间，在静止的水中采集一种叫“婆子”的昆虫，又名水马儿，特征是脚高，在水面上跳跃行走。采集三十个，用三张纸包好，每包十个，挂在背阴处阴干。每次取一包研烂，空腹时用酒调服，过一段时间再吃饭。连续三天服用三次，十日内见效；对于长期患痔疮流脓血者，服用二三十次可除根。
俗称为臭虫，因为气味腥秽刺鼻，所以得名。它们行走时必定朝南，认为是由南方污秽潮湿之气所产生。如今长江南北各地人家多有此物，稍微不清洁就会滋生，也有人在远行住旅店驿站时带入衣被中，回家后便滋生繁殖。极易繁衍，一昼夜能生出九十九只幼虫，与螽斯（蝗虫类）相似。其形状完全像半粒豌豆，老了呈黑色，其次为枣皮红，刚出生的颜色黄且细小。它们的卵如蚂蚁卵，白色，卵生，与虱子相同。刚出生就开始咬人，生下一两天就能蜕壳，越蜕越大，逐渐变老，颜色转为红黑，老年的咬人毒性更强。多藏在草席中和墙壁内，或者桌子、凳子、床铺的缝隙间，身体扁平容易钻入。到了冬天则进入冬眠，多藏在泥沙山穴中及古树根下，交春后都苏醒出来，出入于人家墙壁木头内藏身。性畏蚂蚁，山中有一种红蚁，喜欢食用臭虫，所以靠近山区及山寺僧舍这种虫子很少；有带入的，往往被山蚁衔走。它们咬人尤其狡猾奸诈，不与跳蚤、虱子同类。古人说暑天有五大害，就是蝇、蚊、虱、蚤、臭虫。然而蝇、蚊交替出现于昼夜，蝇可以用手挥拂赶走，蚊可以设帐遮挡，虱子则在暑天裸体沐浴时极少存活，跳蚤因土湿而生，夏天土地干燥时也不怎么令人烦恼，只有臭虫最令人憎恶，不分昼夜，潜藏在床褥及几案门扇之间，善于识别人的气息，伺机在人徘徊休息时吸食人的膏血，肿块累累，像串起来的珠子一样，越抓挠就越大，痛痒难忍，小儿皮肤嫩，尤其遭受其苦，常常哭喊不停。有人说这种虫子口中有白气一二寸长，咬人能隔着席子穿透皮肤吸血，寻找却找不到证据；它们在床褥上往往是夜间聚集早晨散去，率领同类，等人疲倦睡着时肆意啃咬。古方中辟除的方法很多，但没有一个灵验的，只有在席子下铺零陵香草及樟脑，可以稍微抑制其势头，然而隔一两天，药气减弱后肆虐会更厉害；只有使用真正的扬州安息香，涂上优质的银朱作为外衣，在床下燃烧，周围用席子围护，让烟雾熏透，则壁虱全部死亡，幼虫也不能再生。只是香气恶劣猛烈，触鼻引起头痛，必须熏完后停一两天才能睡觉住宿。贫穷人家怎么能办得到呢？古语说：南方的淫邪之气生成短狐，这也是淫湿腥秽之气感应而生，凡是勤劳整洁的人家很少有。福建人说，这种虫子被滚水泡死能复活，只有用冷水浸死不能复活。《山堂肆考》记载：壁虱身体扁且有臭味，不能跳，善于咬人，名叫茭蚤，又名扁虱。《五杂俎》记载：壁虱福建人叫做木虱，多由杉木滋生。治疗者用荞麦烧成灰用水淋滤。江南的壁虱多生长在水中，只有延绥地区生长在土壤中，遍地皆是，入夜则爬上床咬人，全身成疮，即使搬到高大宽敞的房屋，把床悬在空中，它们也会从空中飞至。《事物绀珠》记载：壁虱一名壁驼，遍体小褐色，咬人。《六书故》记载：扁虱附着在牛马身上吸食其血，产在草垫褥间的较小，咬人皮肤，俗称为荐蚍，又名茭虱，今人讹传为壁虱。这是古人虽有此名，但从无入药的情况。《本草纲目》并不列出此品，近来治疗有用到它的，所以记录下来，以显示天下没有废弃之物。
气味腥，味道微咸，性质平，生于土中的有毒。（凡是用壁虱，须放在温水中令其臭气泄尽，方可入药。）
治疗咽膈不适：《集听方》：用虱子十枚，滴花露水，用烧酒浸泡后服用。
治疗饭毒：《百草镜》记载：用臭虫研碎涂抹。
治疗疮疡臭烂：《西亭药镜》：用臭虫同水龙骨捣和，用麻油调敷，流出黄水，立即痊愈。
海上方有用壁虱治疗小儿惊风。将壁虱在净水中漂去臭气，焙干后入药。
Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) mentions Shuigui (Water Turtle), stating under its therapeutic indications that it can prevent thirst and kill chickens and dogs. The text was unaware of its efficacy in treating hemorrhoids, so I hereby supplement this information. Observation shows: Shimǎ (Water Horse) appears on the water surface during the fourth and fifth lunar months; it has a hard body and long legs, and is abundant in ponds and marshes. It has a preference for eating flies. I personally witnessed children in Ou (Wenzhou) catching them for play. They used a fishing rod tied with a string, threaded a fly onto the end of the string, threw it onto the water surface to lure it. Upon smelling it, the insect would swim over, grasp the fly firmly with its four legs, and thus be caught.
Treating Hemorrhoids: Dongyi Baojian (The Precious Mirror of Eastern Medicine) contains Shimǎ San (Water Horse Powder): During the three dog days of summer, collect an insect called Pózi (Grandmother), also known as Shimǎr (Little Water Horse), characterized by high legs jumping on the water surface. Collect thirty specimens, wrap them in three pieces of paper, ten per packet, and hang them in a shady place to dry naturally. Each packet constitutes one dose. Grind into a paste, take orally mixed with wine on an empty stomach, and eat rice after some time. Take three doses consecutively over three days; effectiveness is seen within ten days. For chronic hemorrhoids with pus and blood, twenty to thirty doses can eradicate the root cause.
Commonly known as Chòuchóng (Stink Bug/Cimex), named for its fishy and foul odor touching the nose. It always moves southward, believed to be produced by the humid and filthy qi of the South. Currently, households in the regions north and south of the Yangtze River have many of them; slight uncleanliness leads to their generation. Some are brought home in clothing and bedding from inns or post stations during travel, where they subsequently breed. They reproduce easily, producing ninety-nine offspring in a day and night, similar to Zhōngsī (Katydids). Their shape resembles half a pea; older ones are black, next are red like jujube skin, and newly born ones are yellow and small. Their eggs are white like ant eggs, laid via oviposition, similar to lice. They bite humans immediately upon birth, molt one or two days after birth, growing larger with each molt until aging, turning red then black. Older ones bite more toxically. They hide mostly in straw mats and wall crevices, or between table, stool, and bed joints; their flat bodies allow easy entry. In winter, they hibernate, hiding in mud, sand, mountain caves, and under ancient tree roots. With the arrival of spring, they awaken and enter human dwellings to hide in walls and wood. They fear ants; there is a kind of red ant in mountains that likes to eat them, so near mountains and temple quarters, these insects are scarce. If introduced, they are often carried away by mountain ants. Their biting is cunning and deceitful, distinct from fleas and lice. Ancients stated that summer has five major harms: flies, mosquitoes, lice, fleas, and stink bugs. However, flies and mosquitoes alternate day and night; flies can be swatted, mosquitoes blocked by nets, lice rarely survive bathing naked in summer, and fleas arise from damp soil but are less problematic when summer soil dries. Only stink bugs are most detestable, active day and night, hiding in bedsheets and furniture, adept at sensing human breath, waiting for people to rest to suck their blood. Swellings appear like beads on a string; scratching makes them larger, causing unbearable pain and itching. Children with tender skin suffer greatly, crying incessantly. Some claim these insects emit a white vapor of one or two cun from their mouths, biting through mats and skin to suck blood, yet no evidence can be found. They gather at night and disperse at dawn in bedsheets, leading their kin to feed voraciously when people fall asleep. Ancient methods for repelling them were numerous but ineffective. Placing Lingling Xiangcao (Lingling Fragrant Herb) and Zhangnao (Camphor) under mats can slightly suppress them, but after a day or two, as the medicinal qi fades, their tyranny increases. Only using genuine Yangzhou Anxi Xiang (Benzoin) coated with high-quality Yin Zhu (Vermilion), burning it under the bed, and surrounding it with mats to fumigate thoroughly will kill all Cimex and prevent offspring regeneration. However, the fragrance is harsh and pungent, causing headaches upon inhalation; one must wait one or two days after fumigation before sleeping. How can poor families manage this? The ancients said: "Yin qi of the South generates Duanhu (Short Fox);" this is also generated by感應 (resonance) with humid, fishy, and foul qi. Diligent and clean households rarely have them. Fujian people say that boiling water cannot kill them permanently, only cold water immersion prevents resurrection. Shantang Sikao records: Bixi (Wall Louse) is flat and smelly, cannot jump, bites well, named Jiaozao (Reed Flea) or Banshi (Flat Louse). Wuzazu records: Fujian people call Bixi Musi (Wood Louse), often generated by cedar wood. Treatment involves leaching ash from burnt buckwheat with water. Jiangnan Bixi grow in water; only Yansui region ones grow in soil, everywhere, climbing beds at night to bite, causing ulcers all over the body. Even if moved to tall, spacious rooms and beds hung in mid-air, they fly down from the air. Shiwu Gan Zhu records: Bixi, also called Bituo (Wall Camel), is small and brownish, biting humans. Liushu Gu records: Banshi attaches to cattle and horses to suck blood; those born in straw mats are smaller, bite skin, commonly called Jianpi, also Jiaoshi, now erroneously called Bixi. Although ancients had the name, it was never used in medicine. Bencao Gangmu does not list it. Recently, it has been used in treatment, so I record it to show that nothing in the world is useless.
Odor is fishy, taste slightly salty, nature neutral. Those from soil are toxic. (When using Bixi, place in warm water to exhaust the foul odor before use.)
Treating Pharyngeal/Esophageal Discomfort: Jiting Fang: Use ten lice, add Huahua (Flower Essence/Liquor), soak in Shaojiu (Burning Wine/Shochu), and ingest.
Treating Fan Du (Rice Poison): Baicao Jing: Grind Chouchong (Stink Bug) and apply.
Treating Foul Ulceration: Xiting Yaojing: Mix Chouchong with Shuishuilonggu (Aquatic Dragon Bone), blend with Mahyou (Sesame Oil), apply externally. Drain yellow fluid, heal immediately.
Treating Yan Sheng Touzhen (Stye/Hordeolum): Apply blood of Chouchong to the site, disperses immediately.
Haishang Fang uses Bixi to treat Xiao'er Jingfeng (Pediatric Convulsions).漂 Bixi in clean water to remove odor, bake dry, and incorporate into medicine.
Extracting Ding Sore (Carbuncle): Yangshi Jingyan Fang: Mix Chouchong with rice porridge, apply evenly to the carbuncle; instantly extracts the root outward.
Fish Bone Puncture: Yizong Huibian: Crush Aogu Huixiangye (Aogu Fennel Leaf), Shiyanhua (Salt Flower), and Shaojiu (Shochu) into a paste, apply to wound. If mouth ulcer persists, remove head of Chouchong and apply.