沈云将食物会纂∶烟以闽产者佳，燕产者次，石门产者为下。春时栽植，夏时开花，土
人除
一二本听其开花收种外，余皆摘去顶穗，不使开花，并去叶间旁枝，使之聚力于叶，则叶浓
味美，秋日取叶，用竹帘夹缚曝干，去叶上粗筋，用火酒喷制。切叶细如发，每十六两为一
封，贸易天下，其名不一，有真建假建之分。盖露头黄二黄之别，近日北方制烟，不切成丝
，将原晒烟片，揉成一块，如普洱茶砖茶一般。用时揉碎作末，入烟袋中贮用。顶上数叶，
名曰盖露，味最美。此后之叶递下，味降序。相传海外有鬼国，彼俗人病将死，即舁置深山
中。昔有国王女病革，弃去之，昏愦中闻芬馥之气，见卧傍有草，乃就而嗅之，便觉遍体清
凉，霍然而起，奔入宫中，人以为异，因得是草，故一名返魂烟。方氏物理小识∶烟草明
万历末年有携至漳泉者，马氏造之，曰淡肉果。渐传至九边，皆含长管而火点吞之，有醉仆
者。崇祯时严禁之，不止，其本似春不老，而叶大于菜，曝干以火酒炒之，曰金丝烟。可以
祛湿发散，久服则肺焦。诸药多不效，其症令人忽吐黄水而死。 粤志∶粤中有仁草，一曰
八角草，一曰金丝烟。治验亦多，其性辛散，食其气令人醉。一曰烟酒，其种得之大西洋，
一名淡巴菰，相思草（物理小识，淡巴。姑或呼担不归）。闽产者佳。近出江西射洪永丰者
亦
佳。制成烟有生熟二种；熟者性烈，损人尤甚。凡患咳嗽喉痈一切诸毒肺病皆忌之。近兰州
出一种烟名曰水烟，以水注筒吸之。令烟从水过，云绝火毒，然烟味亦减。 张良宇云∶水
烟出兰州五泉地种者佳，食其气能解瘴消臌，宽中化积，去寒癖，但不宜多食。其制法以砒
夹香油炒成，故不能无毒也，近日粤中潮州出一种潮烟；其性更烈。 姚旅露书云∶吕宋国
有草名淡巴菰，一名金丝醺。烟气从管中入喉，能令人醉，亦辟瘴气，捣汁可毒头虱。 延
绥镇志∶烟草其苗挺生如葵，叶光泽，形如红蓼，不相对，高数尺，三伏中开花色黄，八月
采阴干，用酒洗切成丝。而各省之有名者；崇德烟、黄县烟、曲沃烟、美原烟。惟日本之倭
丝为佳。 百草镜∶烟∶一名相思草，叶如菘菜，浓狭而尖，秋月起茎，高者六尺，花如小
瓶，淡红色、产福建者良。用叶以伏月采者佳，生顶上者，嫩而有力，色嫩黄，名盖露烟。
烟品之多，至今极盛。在内地则福建漳州有石马烟，色黑，又名黑老虎。系油炒而成，性最
猛烈，多食则令人吐黄水。浙常山有面烟。性疏利，消痰如神，凡老人五更咳嗽吐痰者，食
之，嗽渐止，痰亦消。江西有射洪烟，性情肃导气。湖广有衡烟，性平和，活血杀虫，可已
虚劳。山东有济宁烟；气如兰馨，性亦克利。甘肃兰州有水烟；可以醒酒。近日粤东有潮烟
，出潮州，每服不过米粒大，性最烈，消食下气如神，然体弱者忌。 长州张璐玉本经逢原
云∶烟草之火，方书不录，惟朝鲜志见之，始自闽人吸以祛瘴，向后北方借以辟寒，今则遍
行寰宇，岂知毒草之气，熏灼脏腑，游行经络，能无壮火散气之虑乎。近日目科内障丸中，
间有用之获效者，取其辛温散冷积之翳也。不可与冰片同吸，以火济火，多发烟毒。不可以
藤点吸，恐其有蛇虺之毒也。吸烟之后，慎不得饮火酒，能引火气熏灼脏腑也。又久受烟毒
而肺胃不清者，以砂糖汤解之。 兰上徐沁 着烟诫，载有祛烟虫方云∶杜湘民说凡人食
烟
则腹中生虫，状类蝇，两翅鼓动，即思烟以沐之，故终日食不暇给，久之虫日盛，而脏腑败
，疾 大作，不可救药。常有临革吃烟而始瞑者，哀哉！其方用生豆腐四两，戳数孔，黑砂
糖二两，加腐上，置饭甑中蒸之，使腐与糖融化，每思烟，辄进数匙，只三日后，其虫尽下
，闻烟气则呕不欲食矣。 汪东藩云∶近日有一种熟烟，闽人能制，其法以油炒烟片令黑，
名黑老虎。又曰紫建，云食之香辣甘，一体而备三味，中其毒者，欲吐不得，须食北枣一二
枚解之。凡烟种有山田之分，山种者味浓，田种者味薄，多草气。 张景岳云∶烟草味辛气
温，性微热，升也，阳也，烧烟吸之能醉人。用时惟吸一二口，若多吸之，令人醉倒。久而
后苏，甚者以冷水一口解之即醒。若见烦闷，但用白糖解之即安。亦奇物也。吸时须开喉长
吸咽下，令其直达下焦，其气上行则能温心肺，下行则温肝脾肾，服后能使通身温暖微汗，
元阳陡壮。用以治表，善逐一切阴邪寒毒，山岚瘴气风湿，邪闭腠理，筋骨疼痛，诚顷刻取
效之神剂。用以治里，善壮胃气，进饮食，祛寒滞阴浊，消臌胀宿食，止呕哕霍乱。除积聚
诸虫，解郁结，止疼痛，行气停血瘀。举下陷后坠，通达三焦，立刻见效。此物自古未闻，
近自我明万历时，出于闽广之间，自后吴楚地土皆种植之，总不若闽中者，色微黄，质细，
名为金丝烟者，力强气胜为优。求其习服之始，则向以征滇之役，师旅深入瘴地，无不染病
，独一营安然无恙，问其故，则众皆服烟。由是遍传。今则西南一方，无分老幼朝夕不能间
矣，予初得此物，亦甚疑，及习服数次，乃悉其功用之捷。有如此者，因着性于此，然此物
性属纯阳，善行善散，惟阴滞者用之如神。若阳盛气越，而多躁多火，及气虚气短而多汗者
，皆不宜用。或疑其能顷刻醉人，性必有毒。盖其阳气强猛，人不能胜，故下咽即醉。既能
散热，亦必耗气。然烟气易散，而人气随复，阳性留中，旋亦生气。此耗中有补，所以人多
喜服，未见其损者，以此。 敏按∶释氏书言人乃山川火土之气和合以生，故脾胃亦受火土
之气以养。烟本火土之精，人喜吃烟者，病重即不食烟，以脾胃不受火土之气，故烟亦不受
也。火土之气不特养阳，亦兼能生阳，所以妖 鬼 ，多能吃烟。以无质吸无质，味之气
也
。至干麂子闭土中多年，亦思得烟吸以融和其体。（开矿闭死穴中之人，久不为出，亦不死
，凿矿者于山穴中遇之，呼为干麂子。见常中丞安宦游笔记）。则知烟力之能走百络通坚邃
可知矣，凡烟气吸出，悠扬于外，阴为鬼吸，人不见耳，故食烟之人多面黄不尽，耗肺而焦
皮毛；亦因精气半为鬼吸也。友人张寿庄己酉与予同馆临安，每晨起，见其咳吐浓痰遍地，
年余迄未愈，以为痰火老疾，非药石所能疗。一日忽不食烟，如是一月，晨亦不咳，终日亦
无痰唾，精神顿健，且饮食倍增，啖饭如汤沃雪，食饱后少顷即易饥，予乃悟向之痰咳，悉
烟之害也。耗肺损血。世多阴受其祸而不觉，因笔于此，以告知医者。景岳所云∶特一偏之
见，惟辟瘴却佳。 秋灯丛话∶予堂叔疾，延一医至，食毕茹烟，烟房大如升，容烟斤许，
尽吸入腹，即瞑目不语，欹椅仰卧，而气息阒如。众大惊！其仆曰∶无虑也；顷且苏，俄唇
动口翕，烟自口中喷腾而出，蓊然若云雾，数刻始息。乃欠伸而起，张目四顾，曰∶快哉。
晚食复如之，询其仆曰∶家居朝夕餐烟二次，俱以斤为率，否则病，家人闻其言，惧而辞焉
。其酷嗜之量，有如此者，辛温。本草从新云∶治风寒湿痹，滞气停痰，山岚瘴雾，其气入
口，不循经络，顷刻而周一身，令人通体俱快，然火气熏灼，耗血损年。 药性考∶烟草味
辛性温，开郁，烧吸解倦。罨伤止血，烟油有毒，杀虫最捷。诸虫咬伤，涂之病失。 烟有
毒，中其毒者，煎胡黄连合茶服之。 汪东藩医粤云∶烟毒以黑砂糖和井水服之。 延绥镇
志云∶性热味辛，有毒。主寒湿胸膈痞满，益津止饥，多食伤气。 格致镜原云∶损容。
王桂舟云∶烟渣入目，如以他物洗之，愈洗愈疼，必盲后已。须用乱发或发缨缓缓揉之，即
愈。 文堂集验云∶凡服至宝丹，须停烟茶酒饭一二时。按∶至宝丹即塘 痧药。
香港脚∶同寿录∶香港脚痛不可忍，以致口眼 斜、手脚如搐，不省人事，昏迷如死。用黄
建烟二斤，炒热，以坐桶盛入内，将脚解光，放入烟中出汗，少冷又炒热，隔日一熏，七次
即
金疮止血∶良朋汇集∶以烟末敷之。
沈云在《食物会纂》中记载：烟草以福建产的质量最好，河北产的质量次之，石门产的质量最差。春季种植，夏季开花，当地人除留一两株让其开花结种外，其余都摘去顶部的花穗，不让其开花，并去掉叶片间的旁枝，使养分集中在叶片上，这样叶片厚实、味道鲜美。秋季采收叶片，用竹帘夹住晒干，去掉叶脉上的粗筋，用火酒喷洒加工。将烟叶切成细如发丝的样子，每十六两为一封，贸易天下，名称不一，有真建烟和假建烟之分。大概分为露头黄和二黄的区别。近日北方制作的烟草，不切成丝，而是将原晒的烟片揉成一块，像普洱茶砖或砖茶一样。使用时揉碎成末，装入烟袋中储存使用。顶部几片叶子，名叫“盖露”，味道最美。之后的叶片依次向下，味道逐渐降低。相传海外有一个鬼国，那里的风俗是人病重将死时，就抬到深山中遗弃。过去有一位国王的女儿病危，被丢弃在那里，她在昏迷中闻到芬芳的气味，看见身旁有一棵草，于是凑近闻它，便觉得全身清凉，立刻起身，跑回宫中，人们认为很奇怪，因此得到了这种草，所以又名“返魂烟”。方氏《物理小识》记载：烟草在明万历年末有人带到漳州、泉州，马氏制作它，名叫“淡肉果”。逐渐传到九边地区，人们都含着长管点火吸食，有的人吸后醉倒。崇祯年间严禁吸烟，但禁而不止。它的根茎类似春不老（一种蔬菜），叶子比菜大，晒干后用火酒炒制，名叫“金丝烟”。可以祛湿发散，久服则导致肺焦。各种药物大多无效，这种病症让人突然吐出黄水而死。《粤志》记载：广东有一种仁草，一名八角草，一名金丝烟。治疗验证也很多，其性味辛散，吸入其气能令人醉。一名烟酒，其种子来自大西洋，一名淡巴菰，相思草（《物理小识》说，淡巴菰或叫担不归）。福建产的质量好。近来江西射洪永丰出产的也很好。制成的烟有生熟两种；熟者药性猛烈，对人损害尤其严重。凡是患有咳嗽、喉痈及一切毒邪肺病的都忌用。近来兰州出产一种烟名叫水烟，往筒里注水吸食。让烟气经过水，据说能消除火毒，但烟味也减少了。张良宇说：水烟产自兰州五泉地，种植的为好，吸入其气能解瘴气、消鼓胀、宽中化积、去寒癖，但不宜多吃。其制作方法是用砒霜夹香油炒制成，所以不能没有毒性。近来广东潮州出产一种潮烟；其药性更猛烈。姚旅《露书》说：吕宋国有草名叫淡巴菰，一名金丝醺。烟气从管中进入喉咙，能令人醉，也能辟瘴气，捣汁可毒杀头虱。《延绥镇志》记载：烟草的苗挺拔生长像葵菜，叶子光泽，形状像红蓼，不相对生，高数尺，三伏天开花色黄，八月采集阴干，用酒洗后切成丝。而各省有名的品种有：崇德烟、黄县烟、曲沃烟、美原烟。只有日本的倭丝质量最佳。《百草镜》记载：烟草，一名相思草，叶子像白菜，浓狭而尖，秋月起茎，高的六尺，花像小瓶，淡红色，福建产的优良。用叶以伏月采摘为佳，生在顶部的，嫩而有劲，色嫩黄，名叫盖露烟。烟草品种之多，至今极盛。在内地则福建漳州有石马烟，色黑，又名黑老虎。系油炒而成，药性最猛烈，多吃则令人吐黄水。浙江常山有面烟。药性疏利，消痰如神，凡是老人五更天咳嗽吐痰的，食用它，咳嗽渐止，痰也消除。江西有射洪烟，性情肃降导气。湖广有衡烟，药性平和，活血杀虫，可治愈虚劳。山东有济宁烟；气味如兰花香，药性也利于消化。甘肃兰州有水烟；可以醒酒。近来广东东部有潮烟，产自潮州，每次服用不过米粒大小，药性最烈，消食下气如神，但体质虚弱者忌用。长州张璐在《本经逢原》中说：烟草之火，医方书籍不收录，只有朝鲜志见记载，开始是闽人吸食以祛瘴气，后来北方借以辟寒，现在则遍行天下，岂知毒草之气，熏灼脏腑，游行经络，能不担心壮火散气吗？近日眼科内障丸中，间或有用的获效者，取其辛温散冷积之翳的作用。不可与冰片同吸，以免火济火，多发烟毒。不可以藤点吸，恐怕其中有蛇虺之毒。吸烟之后，慎不得饮火酒，能引火气熏灼脏腑。又久受烟毒而肺胃不清者，用砂糖汤解毒。兰上徐沁著《烟诫》，载有祛烟虫方说：杜湘民说凡人吃烟则腹中生虫，状类苍蝇，两翅鼓动，就想吸烟来沐浴它，所以终日吃烟不停，久而久之虫子日益增多，而脏腑败坏，疾病大作，不可救药。常有临死前吃烟才闭眼的，悲哀啊！其方用生豆腐四两，戳几个孔，黑砂糖二两，放在豆腐上，置饭甑中蒸之，使腐与糖融化，每当想吸烟时，就进服几匙，只三天后，那些虫子全部排出，闻到烟味就呕吐不想吃了。汪东藩说：近来有一种熟烟，闽人能制作，其法用油炒烟片令黑，名叫黑老虎。又叫紫建，说食用它香辣甘，一体具备三种味道，中毒的人，想吐吐不出，须吃北枣一二枚解毒。凡烟种有山田之分，山种的味道浓，田种的味道薄，多草气。张景岳说：烟草味辛气温，性微热，升也，阳也，烧烟吸食能醉人。用时只吸一二口，若多吸，令人醉倒。很久后才苏醒，严重的用一口冷水解毒即醒。如果见烦闷，只用白糖解毒即安。也是奇物。吸食时必须张开喉咙长吸咽下，让它直达下焦，其气上行则能温心肺，下行则温肝脾肾，服后能使通身温暖微汗，元阳陡壮。用来治表证，善于驱逐一切阴邪寒毒、山岚瘴气风湿、邪闭腠理、筋骨疼痛，确实是顷刻取效的神剂。用来治里证，善于壮胃气，增进饮食，祛寒滞阴浊，消鼓胀宿食，止呕哕霍乱。除积聚诸虫，解郁结，止疼痛，行气停血瘀。举下陷后坠，通达三焦，立刻见效。此物自古未闻，近自我明万历时，出于闽广之间，此后吴楚各地皆种植之，总不如闽中的好，色微黄，质细，名为金丝烟者，力强气胜为优。追溯其习服之始，则是以前征讨滇地的战役，军队深入瘴地，无不染病，唯独一个营安然无恙，问其原因，则是众人都服烟。由此遍传。现在西南一方，不分老幼朝夕不能间断。我初得此物，也很怀疑，等习服几次，才知道它功效如此快捷。有此等效果，因此写于此。然而此物性属纯阳，善行善散，只有阴滞者用之如神。若阳盛气越，而多躁多火，及气虚气短而多汗者，都不宜用。有人怀疑它能顷刻醉人，性必有毒。大概其阳气强猛，人不能胜任，所以下咽即醉。既然能散热，也必耗气。然而烟气易散，人气随即恢复，阳性留中，随即也生气。这是耗中有补，所以人多喜服，未见其损者，以此原因。我按语：释氏书言人是山川火土之气和合而生，故脾胃也受火土之气以养。烟本是火土之精，人喜欢吸烟，是因为病重时如果不吸烟，因为脾胃不受火土之气，所以烟也不受。火土之气不仅养阳，也兼能生阳，所以妖鬼多能吃烟。以无质吸无质，是味之气。至于干麂子闭土中多年，也想得烟吸以融和其体。（开矿闭死穴中之人，久不为出，也不死，凿矿者在山穴中遇到他们，呼为干麂子。见常中丞安宦游笔记）。则知烟力之能走百络通坚邃可知矣，凡烟气吸出，悠扬于外，阴为鬼吸，人不见耳，所以吸烟之人多面色黄不尽，耗肺而焦皮毛；也是因为精气半为鬼吸也。友人张寿庄己酉年与我同在临安馆舍，每天早晨起来，见他咳吐浓痰遍地，一年多一直未愈，认为是痰火老疾，非药石所能疗。一天忽然不吸烟，像这样一个月，早晨也不咳，整天也无痰唾，精神顿健，且饮食倍增，吃饭如汤沃雪，吃饱后少顷即易饥，我才悟到之前的痰咳，全是烟的危害。耗肺损血。世人多阴受其祸而不觉，因此笔于此，以告知医者。张景岳所说：特一偏之见，只有辟瘴气极佳。《秋灯丛话》记载：我的堂叔生病，请一位医生来，吃完饭后吸烟，烟房大如升，容烟斤许，全部吸入腹中，随即闭目不语，歪靠椅子仰卧，气息微弱。众人大惊！他的仆人说：不用担心；一会儿就会苏醒，不久嘴唇动口开合，烟从口中喷腾而出，浓郁如云雾，几刻才停止。于是伸懒腰而起，张目四顾，说：痛快。晚上吃饭又如此，询问他的仆人说：家里早晚餐烟二次，都以斤为单位计算，否则生病，家人听到他的话，害怕而辞别了。他酷嗜的量，有如此之大，辛温。《本草从新》记载：治风寒湿痹，滞气停痰，山岚瘴雾，其气入口，不循经络，顷刻而周一身，令人通体俱快，然火气熏灼，耗血损年。《药性考》记载：烟草味辛性温，开郁，烧吸解倦。罨伤止血，烟油有毒，杀虫最捷。诸虫咬伤，涂之病失。烟有毒，中其毒者，煎胡黄连合茶服之。汪东藩《医粤》说：烟毒以黑砂糖和井水服之。《延绥镇志》说：性热味辛，有毒。主寒湿胸膈痞满，益津止饥，多食伤气。《格致镜原》说：损容。王桂舟说：烟渣入目，如以他物洗之，愈洗愈疼，必盲后已。须用乱发或发缨缓缓揉之，即愈。《文堂集验》说：凡服至宝丹，须停烟茶酒饭一二时。按：至宝丹即塘痧药。香港脚：《同寿录》记载：香港脚痛不可忍，以致口眼歪斜、手脚如搐，不省人事，昏迷如死。用黄建烟二斤，炒热，以坐桶盛入内，将脚脱光，放入烟中出汗，稍冷又炒热，隔日一熏，七次即愈。金疮止血：《良朋汇集》记载：以烟末敷之。
Shen Yun recorded in *Food Hui Zuan*: Tobacco produced in Fujian is of the best quality, that from Yan (Hebei) is second best, and that from Shimen is the worst. It is planted in spring and flowers in summer. Locals leave only one or two plants to flower and set seed for propagation, while removing the terminal buds of the rest to prevent flowering, and also removing lateral branches between leaves to concentrate nutrients on the leaves, resulting in thick leaves with a fine flavor. In autumn, leaves are harvested, pressed between bamboo mats, sun-dried, and the coarse veins removed. They are processed by spraying with *huojiu* (fire wine/liquor). The tobacco leaves are cut into threads as fine as hair, packed in sixteen tael (liang) packets, and traded nationwide under various names, distinguished as genuine Jian tobacco or fake Jian tobacco. Generally, it is categorized into "Loutou Huang" (Exposed Head Yellow) and "Er Huang". Recently, northern tobacco is not cut into strips but the sun-dried leaf sheets are kneaded into blocks, similar to Pu'er tea bricks. When used, they are crumbled into powder and stored in tobacco pouches. The top few leaves are called "Gailu" (Cover Dew), which have the finest flavor. Leaves further down decrease in quality sequentially. It is said that overseas there is a "Ghost Country," where the custom is to abandon those who are critically ill in deep mountains. Once, a king's daughter was abandoned when she was dying; in her delirium, she smelled a fragrant aroma, saw a herb nearby, and upon smelling it, felt a cooling sensation throughout her body, rose immediately, and ran back to the palace. People found this strange, and thus obtained this herb, hence its name "Fanhun Yan" (Soul-Returning Smoke). Fang Shi's *Wuli Xiaoshi* records: Tobacco was brought to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou at the end of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty. Ma produced it, naming it "Dan Rouguo" (Light Meat Fruit). It gradually spread to the Nine Frontiers, where people held long tubes, lit them, and inhaled, some becoming intoxicated and collapsing. During the Chongzhen reign, smoking was strictly prohibited but failed to stop. Its root resembles *Chunbulao* (a vegetable), and its leaves are larger than vegetables. Sun-dried and stir-fried with liquor, it is called "Jinsiyān" (Golden Silk Tobacco). It can dispel dampness and induce sweating, but long-term use scorches the lungs. Various medicines are mostly ineffective against this condition, which causes sudden vomiting of yellow fluid leading to death. *Yue Zhi* records: Guangdong has a plant called Rencao, also known as Bajiaocao or Jinsiyān. It has many verified therapeutic effects; its nature is acrid and dispersing, and inhaling its vapor can intoxicate people. Also known as Yanjiu, its seeds came from the Atlantic region, named Danbagu or Xiangsi Cao (according to *Wuli Xiaoshi*, Danbagu is also called Danbugui). Fujian-produced tobacco is good. Recently, tobacco from Yongfeng, Shehong, Jiangxi is also good. Processed tobacco comes in raw and cooked types; the cooked type is potent and particularly harmful. It is contraindicated for coughs, throat abscesses, and all toxic lung diseases. Recently, Lanzhou produces a type called Shuiyan (Water Smoke), inhaled through a tube filled with water. The smoke passes through water, claimed to eliminate fire toxicity, though the flavor is reduced. Zhang Liangyu stated: Water smoke grown in Wuquan, Lanzhou is good; inhaling its vapor resolves miasma, reduces distension, harmonizes the middle, transforms accumulation, and removes cold stagnation, but should not be consumed in excess. Its preparation involves frying with arsenic and sesame oil, so it retains toxicity. Recently, Chaozhou in Guangdong produces Chaoyan; its potency is even stronger. Yao Lü's *Lushu* states: Luzhou has a herb called Danbagu, also known as Jinsixun. Smoke inhaled through a tube can intoxicate and dispel miasma; crushed juice can poison head lice. *Yansui Zhenzhi* records: Tobacco seedlings grow upright like sunflowers, leaves are glossy, shaped like red smartweed, non-opposite, several feet high, flowering yellow in the dog days of summer, harvested and shade-dried in August, washed with wine, and cut into strips. Famous varieties include Chongde Yan, Huangxian Yan, Quwo Yan, and Meiyuan Yan. Japanese Wasilk is considered the best. *Baicao Jing* records: Tobacco, also called Xiangsi Cao, has leaves like Chinese cabbage, thick, narrow, and pointed. Stems rise in autumn, up to six feet high, flowers like small bottles, pale red. Fujian produce is superior. Leaves harvested in the Dog Days are best; those from the top are tender and potent, pale yellow, called Gailu Yan. Tobacco varieties are numerous and flourishing today. In inland areas, Shimayan from Zhangzhou, Fujian is black, also called Heilaohu, made by oil-frying, with the most potent nature; excessive consumption causes vomiting of yellow fluid. Mianyan from Changshan, Zhejiang has a dispersing and draining nature, resolving phlegm miraculously; suitable for elderly people with morning cough and phlegm, stopping cough and eliminating phlegm. Shehong Yan from Jiangxi has a descending and qi-regulating nature. Hengyan from Huguang has a mild nature, invigorates blood, kills parasites, and treats consumptive disease. Jingni Yan from Shandong has an orchid-like fragrance and aids digestion. Shuiyan from Lanzhou, Gansu can sober one up. Recently, Chaoyan from Chaozhou, Eastern Guangdong is very potent in small doses (rice-grain size), effectively digesting food and directing qi downward, but contraindicated for the weak. Zhang Lu in *Benjing Fengyuan* stated: Tobacco fire is not recorded in medical formularies, only seen in Korean records. It started with Fujian people inhaling it to dispel miasma, later used in the North to ward off cold, now prevalent worldwide. Who knows that the toxic vapor of this herb scorches the zang-fu organs and travels through meridians, raising concerns about strong fire dissipating qi? Recently, some internal cataract pills contain it with success, utilizing its acrid-warm nature to disperse cold accumulation opacities. It should not be inhaled with Borneolum Syntheticum (Bingpian) as fire aiding fire increases smoke toxicity. It should not be smoked through rattan pipes due to potential snake venom contamination. After smoking, one must avoid drinking liquor, as it draws fire qi to scorch the zang-fu. For those with unclear lung-stomach due to long-term smoke toxicity, sugar water can detoxify. Xu Qin from Lanshang wrote *Yan Jie*, recording a formula to expel smoke worms: Du Xiangmin said that eating tobacco generates worms in the abdomen resembling flies with beating wings, craving smoke to bathe in, causing constant smoking. Over time, worms multiply, organs fail, and disease becomes incurable. Some die only after smoking their last breath. The formula uses 4 liang of raw tofu pierced with holes, topped with 2 liang of dark brown sugar, steamed until melted. Take several spoons when craving smoke; within three days, worms are expelled, and the smell of smoke induces nausea. Wang Dongfan stated: Recently, a cooked tobacco made by Fujian people is called Heilaohu or Zijian, fried in oil until black. It tastes spicy, warm, and sweet simultaneously. Poisoning causes inability to vomit; antidote is one or two northern dates. Tobacco is divided into mountain-grown and field-grown; mountain tobacco is strong-flavored, field tobacco is weak and grassy. Zhang Jingyue stated: Tobacco is acrid, warm-tempered, slightly hot, ascending, and yang. Smoking intoxicates. Only one or two puffs should be taken; excessive smoking causes collapse, reviving only after a long time or with a sip of cold water. Irritation is relieved by white sugar. It is a wonder drug. Inhale deeply through open throat to reach the lower jiao; ascending qi warms heart-lung, descending qi warms liver-spleen-kidney, inducing warmth and slight sweat, boosting primordial yang. For exterior conditions, it drives out yin-cold pathogens, mountain miasma, wind-dampness, and opens closed pores for bone-joint pain, acting swiftly. For interior conditions, it strengthens stomach qi, promotes appetite, removes cold stagnation, resolves distension and food retention, stops vomiting and cholera, eliminates parasites, resolves depression, stops pain, moves qi and blood stasis, lifts prolapse, and unblocks the three jiao. Unknown in ancient times, it appeared in Fujian/Guangdong during Wanli reign, spreading to Wu-Chu regions. Fujian's Jinsiyān (golden silk) is best. Its origin traces to campaigns in Yunnan, where troops in miasma lands fell ill except one camp that smoked tobacco. Now ubiquitous in the Southwest. I initially doubted it, but after usage, confirmed its efficacy. However, being pure yang and dispersing, it suits yin-stagnation cases. Contraindicated for excess yang, irritability, heat, qi deficiency, shortness of breath, and sweating. Skeptics claim intoxication implies toxicity; actually, strong yang overwhelms the person. It dissipates heat but consumes qi; however, smoke disperses quickly, qi recovers, and yang generates qi. This balance of consumption and tonification explains its popularity without apparent harm. My commentary: Buddhist texts state humans are formed by harmony of mountain-river fire-earth qi, so spleen-stomach are nourished by fire-earth qi. Tobacco is essence of fire-earth; those who cannot tolerate it suffer from spleen-stomach weakness regarding fire-earth qi. Fire-earth qi nourishes and generates yang; ghosts consume it as formless consuming formless. Even dried deer trapped underground for years crave smoke to soften their bodies (miners find such preserved humans in mines, calling them dried deer). Thus, smoke's power to penetrate collaterals and deep structures is evident. Exhaled smoke is absorbed by yin ghosts unseen, causing smokers' sallow complexion, lung damage, and dry skin/hair due to spirit essence loss. My friend Zhang Shouzhuang coughed up thick phlegm daily for over a year, deemed incurable phlegm-fire. Upon quitting smoking for a month, cough stopped, phlegm vanished, spirit improved, appetite increased, and he felt hungry soon after meals. I realized previous symptoms were tobacco-induced lung-blood depletion. Many suffer silently; I record this for physicians. Zhang Jingyue's view is biased, useful mainly for miasma. *Qiudeng Conghua* records my uncle smoking heavily (jin per session), collapsing, then exhaling massive smoke clouds, feeling refreshed. He consumed jin amounts twice daily; family feared him. *Bencao Congxin* records: Treats wind-cold-damp bi, stagnant qi/phlegm, mountain miasma. Qi enters mouth, spreads instantly, bringing whole-body comfort, but fire scorches, consuming blood and lifespan. *Yaoxing Kao* records: Acrid, warm, opens depression, relieves fatigue. Stops bleeding in injuries; tobacco oil is toxic and kills insects rapidly. Apply to insect bites. Tobacco is toxic; antidote is Hyndongkuilian decoction with tea. Wang Dongfan's *Yi Yue*: Antidote is dark brown sugar with well water. *Yansui Zhenzhi*: Hot, acrid, toxic. Treats cold-damp chest fullness, benefits fluids, stops hunger, but excessive intake damages qi. *Gezhi Jingyuan*: Damages appearance. Wang Guizhou: Tobacco residue in eyes causes severe pain if washed with other substances, leading to blindness. Must rub gently with loose hair or hair tufts to heal. *Wentang Jiyan*: Stop tobacco, tea, alcohol, and food for 1-2 hours before taking Zhibao Dan (Tangsha medicine). Hong Kong Foot (*Tongshou Lu*): Severe pain, facial deviation, convulsions, unconsciousness. Use 2 jin of Huangjian tobacco, heated, placed in a sitting bucket. Remove footwear, sit in smoke to induce sweating. Reheat when cool. Fumigate every other day for seven sessions. Golden Wound Bleeding (*Liangpeng Huiji*): Apply tobacco powder to wound.