薄荷汁半盏化下，更服温酒半合，须臾吐出痰涎为妙。小儿惊痫，加白僵蚕等分。（《和剂
局方》）
脐风撮口∶生川乌尖三个，金赤蜈蚣半条（酒浸炙干），麝香少许，为末。以少许吹鼻
得嚏，乃以薄荷汤灌一字。（《永类方》）
木舌肿胀∶川乌尖、巴豆研细，醋调涂刷。（《集简方》）
牙痛难忍∶附子尖、天雄尖、全蝎各七个，生研为末，点之。（《永类方》）
奔豚疝气作痛，或阴囊肿痛∶去铃丸∶用生川乌尖七个，巴豆七枚（去皮油）。为末，
糕糊
丸梧子大，朱砂、麝香为衣。每服二丸，空心冷酒或冷盐汤下。三、两日一服，不可多。（
寮方》）
割甲成疮，连年不愈∶川乌头尖、黄柏等分，为末。洗了贴之，以愈为度。（《古今录验》）
老幼口疮∶乌头尖一个，天南星一个，研末，姜汁和涂足心，男左女右，不过二、三次
即愈。
（《本经》下品）
【释名】白幕（《本经》）。
时珍曰∶天雄乃种附子而生出或变出，其形长而不生子，故曰天雄。其长而尖者，谓之
天锥，象形也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶天雄生少室山谷。二月采根，阴干。
弘景曰∶今采用八月中旬。天雄似附子细而长，乃至三、四寸许。此与乌头、附子三种，
本出建平，故谓之三建。今宜都 山者最好，谓为西建。钱塘间者谓为东建，气力小弱，不
相似，故曰西冰犹胜东白也。其用灰杀之，时有冰强者，不佳。
恭曰∶天雄、附子、乌头，并以蜀道绵州、龙州出者佳。余处纵有，力弱不相似。陶以
三物
俱出建平故名之者，非也。乌头苗名堇，音靳。《尔雅》云∶芨，堇草是也。今讹堇为建，
遂以建平释之矣。
承曰∶天雄诸说悉备。但始种而不生附子、侧子，经年独长大者是也。蜀人种之，尤忌
生此，以为不利，如养蚕而成白僵之意。
时珍曰∶天雄有二种∶一种是蜀人种附子而生出长者，或种附子而尽变成长者，即如种
芋形状不一之类；一种是他处草乌头之类，自生成者，故《别录》注乌喙云∶长三寸已上者
为天雄是也。入药须用蜀产曾经酿制者。或云须重一两半有象眼者乃佳。余见
【修治】 曰∶宜炮皴去皮尖底用，或阴制如附子法亦得。
大明曰∶凡丸散炮去皮用；饮药即和皮生使甚佳。
时珍曰∶熟用一法∶每十两以酒浸七日。
掘土坑，用炭半秤 赤，去火，以醋二升沃之，候干，乘热入天雄在内，小盆合一夜，
取出，去脐用之。
【气味】辛，温，有大毒。《别录》曰∶甘，大温。
权曰∶大热。宜干姜制之。
之才曰∶远志为之使。恶腐婢。忌豉汁。
【主治】大风，寒湿痹，历节痛，拘挛缓急，破积聚邪气，金疮，强筋骨，轻身健
行（《本经》）。疗头面风去来疼痛，心腹结积，关节重，不能行步，除骨间痛，长阴气，强
志，令人武勇力作不倦。又堕胎（《别录》。禹锡曰∶按《淮南子》云∶天雄雄鸡志气益。注
云∶取天雄一枚，纳雄鸡肠中，捣生食之，令人勇）。治风痰冷痹，软脚毒风，能止气喘促
急，杀禽虫毒（甄权）。治一切风，一切气，助阳道，暖水脏，补腰膝，益精明目，通九窍，
利皮肤，调血脉，四肢不遂，下胸膈水，破 癖症结，排脓止痛，续骨消瘀血，背脊伛偻，
霍乱转筋，发汗，止阴汗。炮含，治喉痹
【发明】宗 曰∶补虚寒须用附子。风家多用天雄，亦取其大者，以其尖角多，热性不
肯就下，故取其敷散也。
元素曰∶非天雄不能补上焦之阳虚。
震亨曰∶天雄、乌头，气壮形伟，可为下部之佐。
时珍曰∶乌附、天雄，皆是补下焦命门阳虚之药，补下所以益上也。若是上焦阳虚，即
属心脾之分，当用参 ，不当用天雄也。且乌附、天雄之尖，皆是向下生者，其气下行。其
脐乃向上生苗之处。寇宗 言其不肯就下，张元素言其补上焦阳虚，皆是误认尖为上尔。惟
朱震亨以为下部之佐者得之，而未发出此义。雷 《炮炙论》序云，咳逆数数，酒服熟雄，
谓以天雄炮研酒服一钱也。
【附方】新三。
三建汤，治元阳素虚，寒邪外攻，手足厥冷，大小便滑数，小便白浑，六脉沉微，除固
冷，
扶元气，及伤寒阴毒。用乌头、附
水二盏，姜十五片，煎八分，温服。（《肘后方》）
男子失精∶天雄三两（炮），白术八两，桂枝六两，龙骨三两，为散。每酒服半钱。（张
仲景
《金匮要略》）大风恶癞，三月、四月采天雄、乌头苗及根，去土勿洗，捣汁，渍细粒黑豆，
摩去皮不落者，一夜取出，晒干又浸，如此七次。初吞三枚，渐加至六七枚。禁房室、猪鱼、
鸡、蒜，犯之即死。
取半盏薄荷汁化开药末服用，再服下半合温酒，不久后吐出痰涎为最佳效果。治疗小儿惊痫，加入等分的白僵蚕。（出自《和剂局方》）
脐风撮口（新生儿破伤风）：生川乌尖三个，金赤蜈蚣半条（用酒浸泡后烤干），少许麝香，研成细末。取少量吹入鼻中，令其打喷嚏，然后用薄荷汤灌服一字量。（出自《永类方》）
木舌肿胀（舌头肿大僵硬）：川乌尖、巴豆研成细粉，用醋调匀后涂刷患处。（出自《集简方》）
牙痛难忍：附子尖、天雄尖、全蝎各七个，生研成末，点涂患处。（出自《永类方》）
奔豚疝气作痛，或阴囊肿痛：去铃丸：用生川乌尖七个，巴豆七枚（去皮去油）。研成细末，用糕糊制成梧桐子大小的丸药，以朱砂、麝香为衣。每次服用两丸，空腹时用冷酒或冷盐汤送服。每三两天服一次，不可多服。（出自《寮方》）
割指甲导致成疮，连年不愈：川乌头尖、黄柏等分，研成细末。洗净患处后贴敷，以痊愈为标准。（出自《古今录验》）
老幼口疮：乌头尖一个，天南星一个，研成粉末，用姜汁调和涂抹足心，男性涂左脚，女性涂右脚，不超过二三次即可痊愈。（出自《本经》下品）
【释名】白幕（出自《本经》）。
李时珍说：天雄是种植附子后生出或变异而成的，它的形状细长但不结出子块，所以叫天雄。其中长得长且尖的，叫做天锥，这是取象于形体的说法。
【集解】《名医别录》说：天雄生长在少室山谷。二月采集根部，阴干。
陶弘景说：现在采用八月中旬采收的天雄。天雄像附子那样细而长，甚至长达三四寸左右。这三种药（天雄、乌头、附子）原本都出产于建平，所以称为“三建”。现在宜都山出产的最好，称为西建。钱塘一带出产的称为东建，药效力量较小且弱，不像西建那样，所以说西冰（指西建天雄）胜过东白（指东建天雄）。如果用灰来杀制它，有时会有冰强（质地坚硬如冰）的情况，那就不好了。
苏恭说：天雄、附子、乌头，都以蜀道绵州、龙州出产的为佳。其他地方即使有，药效也弱且不相同。陶弘景认为这三物都出自建平因此得名，是不对的。乌头的苗名叫堇，音同靳。《尔雅》说：芨，就是堇草。现在讹传堇为建，于是就用建平来解释它了。
寇宗奭说：关于天雄的各种说法都很完备。但最初种植而不生出附子、侧子，经过多年独自长大的才是真的。蜀地人种植它，特别忌讳生出这种形态，认为不利，就像养蚕变成白僵蚕的意思一样。
李时珍说：天雄有两种：一种是蜀地人种植附子而生出的长形者，或者是种植附子后完全变成长形的，这就如同种植芋头形状不一之类；另一种是他处自然生长的草乌头之类，自己生成的，所以《名医别录》注释乌喙时说：长三寸以上的为天雄。入药必须使用四川产地曾经经过酿制的。有人说必须重一两半且有象眼纹的才好。我见过……
【修治】雷敩说：适宜炮制至表皮皱缩，去掉皮、尖、底使用，或者像处理附子那样阴干也可以。
孟诜说：凡是做丸散都要炮制去皮使用；如果是煎汤药，则连同皮一起生用很好。
挖一个土坑，用炭半秤烧红，去掉火，倒入醋二升浇在上面，等醋干后，趁热将天雄放入在内，用小盆盖住一夜，取出，去掉脐部使用。
【气味】辛，温，有大毒。《名医别录》说：甘，大温。
【主治】大风病，寒湿痹证，历节痛（关节剧烈疼痛），拘挛缓急，破除积聚邪气，治疗金疮，强壮筋骨，轻身健行（出自《本经》）。治疗头面风引起的往来疼痛，心腹结积，关节沉重，不能行走，去除骨间痛，增长阴气，增强意志，使人勇武有力劳作不倦。又能堕胎（出自《别录》。禹锡说：按《淮南子》记载：天雄能益雄鸡志气。注解说：取天雄一枚，塞入雄鸡肠中，捣碎生吃，能让人勇敢）。治疗风痰冷痹，软脚毒风，能止气喘促急，杀灭禽虫毒（甄权）。治疗一切风邪，一切气滞，助阳道，暖水脏，补腰膝，益精明目，通九窍，利皮肤，调血脉，治疗四肢不遂，消除胸膈积水，破除癖症结块，排脓止痛，续骨消瘀血，治疗背脊伛偻，霍乱转筋，发汗，止阴汗。炮制后含服，治疗喉痹。
【发明】寇宗奭说：补虚寒须用附子。治风病多用天雄，也是取其个头大的，因为它尖角多，热性不肯下沉，所以取其敷散的作用。
李时珍说：乌附、天雄，都是补下焦命门阳虚的药，补下所以能益上。如果是上焦阳虚，那就属于心脾的范畴，应当用人参、黄芪，不应当用天雄。况且乌附、天雄的尖部，都是向下生长的，其气下行。它的脐部才是向上生长苗的地方。寇宗奭说它不肯就下，张元素说它补上焦阳虚，都是错误地把尖端认为了上部。只有朱震亨认为它是下部之佐是对的，但没有阐发这个义理。雷敩《炮炙论》序中说，咳逆频频，用酒送服熟天雄，是指将天雄炮制后研末，用酒送服一钱。
【附方】新收三首。
三建汤，治疗元阳素虚，寒邪外攻，手足厥冷，大小便滑数，小便白浑，六脉沉微，除固冷，扶元气，以及伤寒阴毒。用乌头、附子……水二盏，姜十五片，煎至八分，温服。（出自《肘后方》）
男子失精：天雄三两（炮制），白术八两，桂枝六两，龙骨三两，研为散剂。每次用酒送服半钱。（张仲景《金匮要略》）
大风恶癞（麻风病），三月、四月采天雄、乌头苗及根，去土不要洗，捣汁，浸泡细粒黑豆，摩擦掉皮不落的地方，一夜后取出，晒干再浸，如此七次。初服三枚，逐渐加至六七枚。禁止房事、猪肉、鱼、鸡、蒜，触犯就会死亡。
Take half a cup of mint juice to dissolve the medicine and take it orally; then consume half a he of warm wine. It is ideal if phlegm and saliva are vomited out shortly afterward. For pediatric convulsions and epilepsy, add equal parts of *Bombyx Batryticatus* (Jiangcan, 白僵蚕). (*Heji Jufang*)
**Umbilical tetanus with mouth contraction**: Three raw tips of *Aconitum carmichaelii* deoxyaconitine mother root (Chuanwu, 川乌), half a golden-red centipede (*Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans*, Wugong, 蜈蚣) (soaked in wine and roasted dry), and a small amount of *Moschus* (Shexiang, 麝香). Grind into powder. Blow a small amount into the nose to induce sneezing, then administer one *zi* dose via mint decoction. (*Yonglei Fang*)
**Wooden tongue swelling**: Tips of *Aconitum carmichaelii* deoxyaconitine mother root (Chuanwu, 川乌) and *Croton tiglium* seed (Badou, 巴豆) ground finely, mixed with vinegar for topical application. (*Jijian Fang*)
**Unbearable toothache**: Seven tips of *Aconitum carmichaelii* lateral root (Fuzi, 附子), seven tips of *Aconitum kusnezoffii* root (Tianxiong, 天雄), and seven whole scorpions (*Scorpio*, Quanxie, 全蝎), ground raw into powder, applied topically. (*Yonglei Fang*)
**Ben tun hernia qi pain, or testicular swelling and pain**: Quling Wan (Bell-removing Pill): Use seven raw tips of *Aconitum carmichaelii* deoxyaconitine mother root (Chuanwu, 川乌) and seven seeds of *Croton tiglium* (Badou, 巴豆) (peeled and oil removed). Grind into powder, bind with rice cake paste into pills the size of a Chinese quince seed, coat with *Cinnabar* (Zhusha, 朱砂) and *Moschus* (Shexiang, 麝香). Take two pills each time, on an empty stomach with cold wine or cold salt water. Take once every three or two days; do not overconsume. (*Liao Fang*)
**Nail trimming causing sores, unhealed for years**: Equal parts of tips of *Aconitum karakolicum* root (Chuanwutou, 川乌头) and *Phellodendron amurense* bark (Huangbai, 黄柏), ground into powder. Wash the area, apply the powder, until healed. (*Gujin Luyan*)
**Mouth ulcers in old and young**: One tip of *Aconitum kusnezoffii* root (Wutou, 乌头) and one *Arisaema erubescens* tuber (Tiannanxing, 天南星), ground into powder, mixed with ginger juice, and applied to the sole of the foot. Apply to the left foot for males and the right foot for females. Cure within two or three applications. (*Benjing* Lower Grade)
**[Names]** Baimu (*Benjing*).
Li Shizhen said: Tianxiong grows from or transforms from planted Fuzi. Its shape is long but does not produce side roots, hence the name Tianxiong. Those that are long and pointed are called Tianzhui, named after their shape.
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Bielu* states: Tianxiong grows in the valleys of Mount Shaoshi. The roots are harvested in February and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing said: Currently, Tianxiong harvested in mid-August is used. Tianxiong resembles Fuzi but is thinner and longer, sometimes reaching three or four cun. These three herbs (Tianxiong, Wutou, Fuzi) originally came from Jianping, thus called "Sanjian" (Three Jian). Those from Yidu Mountain are now considered the best, called Xijian (Western Jian). Those from the Qiantang region are called Dongjian (Eastern Jian); their efficacy is weaker and dissimilar, hence it is said that Xibing (Western Ice-like quality) surpasses Dongbai (Eastern White-like quality). When processed with ash, some become hard like ice, which is undesirable.
Su Gong said: Tianxiong, Fuzi, and Wutou are best when sourced from Mianzhou and Longzhou along the Shu road. Even if available elsewhere, their potency is weak and dissimilar. Tao's assertion that they are all named because they come from Jianping is incorrect. The sprout of Wutou is called Jin, pronounced Jin. *Erya* states: Ji refers to Jin grass. Now, Jin is erroneously written as Jian, leading to the interpretation of Jianping.
Kou Zongshi said: Various accounts of Tianxiong are comprehensive. However, the true Tianxiong is that which, upon initial planting, does not produce Fuzi or Cezi, but grows large independently over years. Shu people cultivating it particularly avoid this form, considering it unfavorable, similar to the concept of silkworms turning into stiff white ones.
Li Shizhen said: There are two types of Tianxiong: one is the elongated form produced by or entirely transformed from planted Fuzi in Shu, akin to the varied shapes of planted taro; the other is naturally grown wild Aconite species from other regions. Thus, *Bielu* notes regarding Wuhei: those longer than three cun are Tianxiong. For medicinal use, only Sichuan-produced, previously processed Tianxiong should be used. Some say those weighing one liang and five qian with elephant-eye patterns are best. I have seen...
**[Processing]** Lei Xiao said: It is suitable to process until the skin wrinkles, removing the skin, tip, and base. Alternatively, drying in the shade like Fuzi is acceptable.
Meng Shen said: For pills and powders, process and remove the skin; for decoctions, using the raw herb with the skin is excellent.
Li Shizhen said: One method for cooked use: Soak ten liang in wine for seven days.
Dig a pit, heat half a sheng of charcoal until red, remove the fire, pour two sheng of vinegar over it. Wait until dry, then place the Tianxiong inside while hot. Cover with a small basin overnight, remove, and use after discarding the navel part.
**[Flavor and Toxicity]** Pungent, warm, highly toxic. *Bielu* states: Sweet, greatly warm.
Li Quan said: Greatly hot. Should be processed with *Zingiberis Rhizoma* (Ganjiang, 干姜).
Xu Zhicai said: *Polygalae Radix* (Yuanzhi, 远志) acts as an assistant. Detests *Corchoropsis* (Fubi). Avoids soybean paste juice.
**[Indications]** Treats severe wind, bi-syndrome due to cold-dampness, joint pain (Lijie tong), spasms and flaccidity, breaks up accumulations and pathogenic qi, treats metal wounds, strengthens sinews and bones, lightens the body and enhances mobility (*Benjing*). Treats alternating head and face pain due to wind, heart and abdominal accumulations, heavy joints, inability to walk, removes bone pain, nourishes Yin Qi, strengthens willpower, makes one brave and tireless in labor. Also induces abortion (*Bielu*. Yu Xi notes: According to *Huainanzi*, Tianxiong benefits the spirit of roosters. Annotation says: Take one piece of Tianxiong, insert into a rooster's intestine, crush and eat raw to make one brave.) Treats wind-phlegm cold-bi, soft-leg toxic wind, stops asthma and急促 breathing, kills bird and insect toxins (Zhen Quan). Treats all wind and qi disorders, aids Yang pathways, warms Water Organs, supplements waist and knees, benefits essence and eyesight, opens nine orifices, benefits skin, regulates blood vessels, treats limb paralysis, drains water from chest and diaphragm, breaks up masses and nodules, expels pus and relieves pain, reconnects bones and resolves blood stasis, treats spinal curvature, cholera with muscle cramps, induces sweating, stops genital sweating. Processed and held in the mouth to treat throat obstruction.
**[Elucidation]** Kou Zongshi said: To tonify deficiency-cold, Fuzi must be used. For wind diseases, Tianxiong is often used, choosing larger pieces because their many tips possess heat nature that does not tend to descend, thus utilizing their dispersing action.
Zhang Yuansu said: Only Tianxiong can tonify Upper Jiao Yang deficiency.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Tianxiong and Wutou have robust Qi and grand form, serving as assistants for lower body conditions.
Li Shizhen said: Wufu and Tianxiong are herbs that tonify Mingmen Yang deficiency of the Lower Jiao; tonifying the lower benefits the upper. If there is Upper Jiao Yang deficiency, it belongs to the Heart and Spleen categories, where Ginseng and Astragalus should be used, not Tianxiong. Moreover, the tips of Wufu and Tianxiong grow downward, and their Qi descends. Their navel is where the sprout grows upward. Kou Zongshi's claim that its heat does not descend, and Zhang Yuansu's claim that it tonifies Upper Jiao Yang, are both errors mistaking the tip for the upper part. Only Zhu Zhenheng's view of it being an assistant for the lower body is correct, though he did not elaborate on this principle. Lei Xiao's *Paozhi Lun* preface mentions: for frequent hiccups, take cooked Tianxiong with wine, meaning one qian of processed Tianxiong powder taken with wine.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Three new prescriptions.
Sanjian Tang (Three Jian Decoction), treats constitutional Yuan Yang deficiency with external attacking cold pathogens, cold limbs, frequent loose stools and urination, cloudy white urine, deep and faint six pulses, removes chronic cold, supports Yuan Qi, and treats Cold Yin toxicity in Shanghan. Use Wutou, Fuzi... two zhan of water, fifteen slices of ginger, decoct to eight fen, take warm. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Male seminal emission: Three liang of Tianxiong (processed), eight liang of *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma* (Baizhu, 白术), six liang of *Cinnamomi Ramulus* (Guizhi, 桂枝), three liang of *Draconis Os* (Longgu, 龙骨), ground into powder. Take half a qian with wine. (Zhang Zhongjing, *Jingui Yaolue*)
Severe wind and leprosy: In March and April, harvest Tianxiong, Wutou sprouts and roots, remove soil without washing, crush to extract juice, soak fine black beans, rub on areas where skin peels but does not fall off. Remove after one night, sun-dry and soak again, repeat seven times. Initially swallow three beans, gradually increase to six or seven. Abstain from sexual intercourse, pork, fish, chicken, garlic; violation leads to death.