（《纲目》）
【释名】乌 木（ ，音漫）、
时珍曰∶木名文木，南人呼文如 ，故也。
【集解】时珍曰∶乌木出海南、云南、南番。叶似棕榈。其木漆黑，体重坚致，可为箸
及器物。有间道者，嫩木也。南人多以系木染色伪之。《南方草物状》云∶文木树高七、八
丈，其色正黑，如水牛角，作马鞭，日南有之。《古今注》云∶乌文木出波斯，舶上将
乌文KT 然。温、括、婺等州亦出之，皆此物也。
【气味】甘、咸，平，无毒。
【主治】解毒，又主霍乱吐利，取屑研末，温酒服（时珍）。
（宋《开宝》）
【释名】KT 。
藏器曰∶晋·中书令王 《伤寒身验方》中作KT 字。
时珍曰∶画工以皮烧烟熏纸，作古画字，故名KT 。俗省作桦字也。
【集解】藏器曰∶桦木似山桃，皮堪为烛。
宗 曰∶皮上有紫黑花匀者，裹鞍、弓、镫。
时珍曰∶桦木生辽东及临洮、河州、西北诸地。其木色黄，有小斑点红色，能收肥腻。
其皮浓而轻虚软柔，皮匠家用衬靴里，及为刀靶之类，谓之暖皮。胡人尤重之。以皮卷蜡，
可作烛点。
木皮
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
【主治】诸黄胆，浓煮汁饮之良（《开宝》）。
煮汁冷冻饮料，主伤寒时行热毒疮，特良。即今豌豆疮也（藏器）。
烧灰合他药，治肺风毒（宗 ）。治乳痈（时珍）。
【附方】旧一，新四。
乳痈初发∶肿痛结硬欲破，一服即瘥。以北来真桦皮烧存性，研，无灰酒温服方寸匕，
即卧，觉即瘥也。（沈存中《灵苑方》）。
乳痈腐烂∶靴内年久桦皮，烧灰。
酒服一钱，日一服。（唐瑶《经验》）。
肺风毒疮∶遍身疮疥如疠，及瘾疹瘙痒，面上风刺，妇人粉刺，并用桦皮散主之。桦皮
（烧灰）四两，枳壳（去穣，烧）四两，荆芥穗二两，炙甘草半两，各为末，杏仁（水煮过，
去
皮、尖）二两（研泥烂），研匀。每服二钱，食后温酒调下。疮疥甚者，日三服。（《和剂方》）。
小便热短∶桦皮浓煮汁，饮。（《集简方》）。染黑须发∶KT 皮一片，包侧柏一枝，烧烟
熏香油碗
脂
【主治】烧之，辟鬼邪（藏器）。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】乌木（音漫）、
李时珍说：这种树叫文木，南方人把“文”读得像“ ”的音，所以也这么叫。
【集解】李时珍说：乌木产于海南、云南以及南洋诸国。叶子像棕榈树。它的木材漆黑，质地沉重且坚实致密，可以制作筷子和各种器物。中间有纹理的是嫩木。南方人常用这种方法将其他木头染色来冒充乌木。《南方草物状》记载：文木树高七八丈，颜色纯正黑，像水牛角，用来做马鞭，日南郡出产。《古今注》记载：乌文木产自波斯，商船运来乌文木。温州、括州、婺州等地也出产，都是这类树木。
【气味】味甘、咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】解毒，又主治霍乱引起的呕吐和腹泻，取木屑研成粉末，用温酒送服（李时珍）。
（宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】桦木。
陈藏器说：晋代中书令王在《伤寒身验方》中写作“ ”字。
李时珍说：画工用树皮燃烧产生的烟熏纸，制作古字画，因此得名“ ”。俗体字简写为“桦”字。
【集解】陈藏器说：桦木像山桃树，树皮可以做蜡烛。
苏颂说：树皮上有均匀紫黑色花纹的，可以用来包裹马鞍、弓和镫。
李时珍说：桦木生长在辽东以及临洮、河州等西北地区。它的木材颜色黄，带有红色小斑点，能吸附油脂。树皮厚实而轻虚柔软，皮匠用它衬在靴子里，以及制作刀柄之类，称为暖皮。胡人特别重视它。用树皮卷蜡，可以做成蜡烛点燃。
木皮
【气味】味苦，性平，无毒。
【主治】各种黄疸病，浓煎汁液饮用效果良好（《开宝本草》）。
煮汁冷却后饮用，主治伤寒流行时的热毒疮疡，效果特别好。就是现在的豌豆疮（陈藏器）。
烧成灰配合其他药物，治疗肺风毒（苏颂）。治疗乳痈（李时珍）。
【附方】旧方一个，新方四个。
乳痈初发：肿痛结硬即将破溃，服用一次即痊愈。取北方产的真桦皮烧至存性，研末，用无灰酒温服一方寸匕的量，服后立即躺下，醒来就觉得痊愈了。（沈括《灵苑方》）。
乳痈腐烂：使用靴子里存放多年的桦皮，烧成灰。
用酒送服一钱，每天一次。（唐瑶《经验方》）。
肺风毒疮：全身疮疥像麻风病一样，以及瘾疹瘙痒，面部的粉刺，妇女脸上的粉刺，都用桦皮散主治。桦皮（烧成灰）四两，枳壳（去掉瓤，烧焦）四两，荆芥穗二两，炙甘草半两，各研成末，杏仁（水煮过，去皮、尖）二两（研烂），混合均匀。每次服用二钱，饭后用温酒调服。疮疥严重的，每天服用三次。（《太平惠民和剂局方》）。
小便热短：桦皮浓煎汁液，饮用。（《集简方》）。染黑须发： 皮一片，包侧柏一枝，烧烟熏香油碗脂。
【主治】燃烧它，可以辟除鬼邪（陈藏器）。
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Wumu (Ebony, pronounced "man"),
Li Shizhen stated: The tree is named Wenmu (Textured Wood). People in the South pronounce "Wen" similarly to the character [missing/obscure], hence the name.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Ebony originates from Hainan, Yunnan, and the Southern Barbarian regions. Its leaves resemble those of a palm tree. The wood is pitch black, heavy, hard, and dense, suitable for making chopsticks and various vessels. Wood with gaps or grain patterns indicates tender wood. Southerners often dye other woods to counterfeit it. *Southern Plant Descriptions* records: Wenmu trees are seven or eight zhang high, their color is pure black like water buffalo horns, used for making horse whips, found in Riannan. *Ancient and Modern Notes* records: Wuwenmu comes from Persia, transported by ships. It is also produced in Wenzhou, Kuozhou, Wuzhou, etc., all being this type of plant.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, salty, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Detoxifies; also treats cholera with vomiting and diarrhea. Take the powder from the wood shavings, and take with warm wine (Li Shizhen).
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Huamu (Birch).
Chen Cangqi stated: Wang, the Central Secretariat Director of the Jin Dynasty, wrote the character [obscure] in his *Self-Verified Prescription for Cold Damage*.
Li Shizhen stated: Painters use the smoke from burning birch bark to stain paper, creating ancient-style paintings and calligraphy, thus the name [obscure]. The common simplified form is the character "Hua" (Birch).
[Collection and Explanation] Chen Cangqi stated: Birch resembles the mountain peach tree, and its bark can be used for candles.
Su Song stated: Bark with even purple-black floral patterns is used to wrap saddles, bows, and stirrups.
Li Shizhen stated: Birch grows in Liaodong and Linzhao, Hezhou, and other northwestern regions. The wood is yellow with small red spots and can absorb grease. The bark is thick yet light, hollow, soft, and flexible. Tanners use it to line boots and make knife handles, called "warm skin." Barbarians value it highly. Rolled with wax, the bark can serve as a candle wick.
Bark
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats various types of jaundice; decocting the bark into a concentrated liquid and drinking it is effective (*Kaibao Bencao*).
Boiling the juice and drinking it cold effectively treats heat-toxin sores caused by epidemic cold damage. This refers to what is now known as chickenpox (Chen Cangqi).
Burning the bark to ash and combining it with other herbs treats lung wind toxins (Su Song). Treats mastitis (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, four new prescriptions.
Early-stage Mastitis: Swelling, pain, induration, and impending rupture. One dose brings recovery. Burn authentic northern birch bark until carbonized but retaining efficacy, grind into powder, and take one cun-bi (measure) with warm wine free of sediment. Lie down immediately after ingestion; upon waking, recovery is felt. (Shen Kuo, *Lingyuan Fang*).
Rotten Mastitis: Use birch bark from inside boots that has been stored for years, burn to ash.
Take one qian with wine, once daily. (Tang Yao, *Experience Formulas*).
Lung Wind Toxic Sores: Generalized scabies resembling leprosy, urticaria with itching, facial acne, and comedones in women. All are treated with Birch Bark Powder. Birch bark (burned to ash) 4 liang, Zhiqiao (immature bitter orange fruit, pulp removed, burned) 4 liang, Jingjie Sui (Schizonepeta spike) 2 liang, Zhi Gancao (honey-fried licorice root) 0.5 liang, each ground into powder. Xingren (apricot seed, boiled, skin and tip removed) 2 liang (ground into paste), mixed evenly. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with warm wine after meals. For severe scabies, take three times daily. (*Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang*).
Hot and Scanty Urination: Decoct birch bark into a concentrated liquid and drink. (*Jijian Fang*). Dyeing Beard and Hair Black: A piece of [obscure] bark, wrapped around one branch of Platycladus orientalis, burned to produce smoke that fumes over sesame oil in a bowl.
[Therapeutic Actions] Burning it repels evil spirits (Chen Cangqi).