（《本经》上品）
【释名】员实（《别录》）、云英（《别录》）、天豆（《吴普》）、马豆（《图经》）、羊石
子（《
时珍曰∶员，亦音云，其义未详。豆以子形名。羊石当作羊矢，其子肖之，故
【集解】《别录》曰∶云实，生河间川谷。十月采，曝干。
普曰∶茎高四、五尺，大茎中空。叶如麻，两两相值。六月花，八月、九月实，十月采。
弘景曰∶处处有之。子细如葶苈子而小黑，其实亦类莨菪。烧之致鬼，未见其法术。
恭曰∶云实大如黍及大麻子等，黄黑似豆，故名天豆。丛生泽旁，高五、六尺。叶如细
槐，
亦如苜蓿。枝间微刺。俗谓苗为草云母。陶云似葶苈者，非也。
保升曰∶所在平泽有之。叶似细槐，花黄白色，其荚如豆，其实青黄色，大若麻子。五
月、六月采实。
颂曰∶叶如槐而狭长，枝上有刺。苗名臭草，又名羊石子草。实名马豆。三月、四月采
苗，
十月采实，过时即枯落也。
时珍曰∶此草山原甚多，俗名粘刺。赤茎中空，有刺，高者如蔓。其叶如槐。三月开黄
花，累然满枝。荚长三寸许，状如肥皂荚。内有子五六粒，正如鹊豆，两头微尖，有黄黑斑
纹，浓壳白仁，咬之极坚，重有腥气。
实
【修治】 曰∶凡采得，粗捣，相对拌浑颗橡实，蒸一日，拣出曝干。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。《别录》曰∶苦。普曰∶神农∶辛，小温；黄帝∶咸；雷公∶
苦。
【主治】泄痢肠 ，杀虫蛊毒，去邪恶结气，止痛，除寒热（《本经》）。消渴（《别
录》）。治疟多用（苏颂）。主下 脓血（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
下不止∶云实、女萎各一两，桂半两，川乌头二两，为末，蜜丸梧子大。每服五丸，
水下，日三服。（《肘后方》）
花
【主治】见鬼精物。多食令人狂走。久服轻身通神明（《本经》）。杀精物，下水。烧之
致鬼（《别录》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶云实花既能令人见鬼发狂，岂有久服轻身之理，此古书之讹也。
根
【主治】骨哽及咽喉痛。研汁咽之（时珍）。
（被列为《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】员实（出自《名医别录》）、云英（出自《名医别录》）、天豆（出自吴普）、马豆（出自《图经本草》）、羊石子（出自李时珍）
李时珍说：员，也读作云，其含义不详。因为豆子形状而得名。羊石应当是羊矢的误写，因为它的种子像羊粪，所以得名。
【集解】《名医别录》说：云实，生长在河间地区的河谷地带。十月采收，晒干。
吴普说：茎高四、五尺，粗大的茎中间是空的。叶子像麻叶，两两相对排列。六月开花，八月、九月结果，十月采收。
陶弘景说：到处都有生长。种子细小像葶苈子但颜色更黑，果实也像莨菪。烧它能招引鬼魂，但我没见过这种法术。
苏恭说：云实大如黍米和大麻籽等，黄黑色像豆子，所以叫天豆。丛生在沼泽旁边，高五、六尺。叶子像细槐树，也像苜蓿。枝条间有微刺。俗称为苗为草云母。陶弘景说像葶苈子，是不对的。
郑保升说：所在地的平泽中有生长。叶子像细槐树，花黄白色，荚果像豆子，果实青黄色，大小像麻子。五月、六月采收果实。
苏颂说：叶子像槐树但狭长，枝上有刺。苗名叫臭草，又名羊石子草。果实名叫马豆。三月、四月采收苗，十月采收果实，过时就会枯落。
李时珍说：这种草在山原上很多，俗名叫粘刺。红色的茎中间是空的，有刺，高的像藤蔓。叶子像槐树。三月开黄花，累累挂满枝头。荚长约三寸左右，形状像肥皂荚。里面有五六个种子，正像鹊豆，两头微尖，有黄黑斑纹，壳厚仁白，咬起来极硬，有很重的腥气。
【修治】曰：凡是采得后，粗略捣碎，与橡实相对拌匀，蒸一天，拣出晒干。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。《名医别录》说：苦。吴普说：神农认为：辛，小温；黄帝认为：咸；雷公认为：苦。
【主治】泄痢肠澼，杀虫蛊毒，去邪恶结气，止痛，除寒热（出自《神农本草经》）。消渴（出自《名医别录》）。治疗疟疾多用（苏颂）。主下脓血（李时珍）。
【附方】新增一方。
下利不止：云实、女萎各一两，桂半两，川乌头二两，研为末，蜜丸如梧子大。每次服五丸，水送下，每日三次。（出自《肘后备急方》）
花
【主治】见鬼精物。多食令人狂走。久服轻身通神明（出自《神农本草经》）。杀精物，下水。烧之致鬼（出自《名医别录》）。
【发明】李时珍说：云实花既然能让人见鬼发狂，怎么会有久服轻身的道理，这是古书的错误。
根
(Recorded as a Superior Grade herb in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica])
**[Names]** Yuanshi (from *Mingyi Bielu* [Additional Records of Famous Physicians]), Yunying (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Tiandou (from Wu Pu), Madou (from *Tujing Bencao* [Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica]), Yangshizi (from Li Shizhen)
Li Shizhen states: "Yuan" is also pronounced "Yun," and its meaning is unclear. It is named after the shape of the bean. "Yangshi" should be a corruption of "Yangshi" (sheep feces), because its seeds resemble sheep feces, hence the name.
**[Collection and Description]** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Yunshi grows in the river valleys of Hejian. It is harvested in the tenth lunar month and dried in the sun.
Wu Pu states: The stem is four to five chi high, with large hollow stems. The leaves resemble hemp leaves, arranged opposite each other. It flowers in the sixth lunar month, bears fruit in the eighth and ninth lunar months, and is harvested in the tenth lunar month.
Tao Hongjing states: It grows everywhere. The seeds are small like *Tinglizi* (Descurainiae Semen/Sisymbrii Semen) but darker black; the fruit also resembles *Langdang* (Daturae Fructus). Burning it is said to summon ghosts, but I have never seen such magic arts.
Su Gong states: Yunshi is as large as millet or hemp seeds, yellowish-black like beans, hence the name Tiandou. It grows in clumps beside marshes, reaching five to six chi in height. The leaves resemble those of fine locust trees (*Huai*) or alfalfa. There are slight thorns among the branches. Commonly, the young shoots are called "Caoyunmu." Tao Hongjing's claim that it resembles *Tinglizi* is incorrect.
Zheng Baosheng states: It is found in flat marshy areas. The leaves resemble those of fine locust trees; the flowers are yellowish-white; the pods resemble beans; the fruit is greenish-yellow, about the size of hemp seeds. The fruit is harvested in the fifth and sixth lunar months.
Su Song states: The leaves resemble locust leaves but are narrower and longer, with thorns on the branches. The young shoots are named "Choucao" (stinky grass) or "Yangshizicao." The mature fruit is named "Madou." The shoots are harvested in the third and fourth lunar months, and the fruit in the tenth lunar month; if left too long, they wither and fall off.
Li Shizhen states: This herb is abundant in mountainous plains, commonly known as "Nanci" (sticky thorn). It has red, hollow stems with thorns; taller specimens grow like vines. The leaves resemble locust leaves. In the third lunar month, it opens yellow flowers, hanging densely along the branches. The pods are about three cun long, resembling soap pods. Inside are five or six seeds, exactly like "Que Dou" (magpie beans), slightly pointed at both ends, with yellow and black mottled patterns. The shell is thick and white inside; it is extremely hard to bite and has a strong fishy odor.
**[Processing]** [Unnamed author] states: Upon harvesting, roughly crush the material, mix it evenly with *Xiangshi* (Quercus variabilis acorn), steam for one day, pick out, and dry in the sun.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Acrid, warm, non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Bitter. Wu Pu states: Shennong considered it acrid and slightly warm; the Yellow Emperor considered it salty; Lei Gong considered it bitter.
**[Indications]** Treats diarrhea and dysentery with intestinal discharge (*Changpi*), kills parasites and gu poison, dispels evil qi stagnation, relieves pain, and eliminates chills and fever (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats *Xiaoke* (wasting-thirst syndrome) (from *Mingyi Bielu*). Often used to treat malaria (Su Song). Primarily treats lower body pus and blood discharge (Li Shizhen).
**[Attached Prescriptions]** One new prescription.
For persistent diarrhea/dysentery: Yunshi and Nüwei each 1 liang, Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) 0.5 liang, Chuan Wutou (Aconiti Radix Preparata) 2 liang. Grind into powder, make pills with honey the size of wu zi (wu berry). Take 5 pills per dose, washed down with water, three times daily. (From *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* [Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies])
**Flower**
**[Indications]** Causes visions of ghostly spirits. Excessive consumption causes madness and running about. Long-term use lightens the body and enhances spiritual clarity (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Kills spirit entities, promotes urination. Burning it summons ghosts (from *Mingyi Bielu*).
**[Analysis/Commentary]** Li Shizhen states: Since Yunshi flower can cause people to see ghosts and go mad, how could there be any logic to long-term use resulting in a lighter body? This is an error in ancient texts.
**Root**
**[Indications]** For bone splinters stuck in the throat and sore throat. Grind into juice and swallow (Li Shizhen).