（《本经》中品）
【校正】自菜部移入此。
【释名】姜芥（《别录》）、荆芥（《吴普》）、鼠 （《本经》）。
弘景曰∶假苏方药不复用。
恭曰∶此即菜中荆芥也，姜芥声讹尔。先居草部，今录入菜部。
士良曰∶荆芥本草呼为假苏。假苏又别是一物。叶锐圆，多野生，以香气似苏，故呼为
苏。
颂曰∶医官陈巽言∶江左人谓假苏、荆芥实两物。苏恭以本草一名姜芥，荆姜声讹，谓
为荆芥，非矣。
时珍曰∶按《吴普本草》云∶假苏一名荆芥，叶似落藜而细，蜀中生啖之。普乃东汉末
人，去《别录》时未远，其言当不谬，故唐人苏恭祖其说。而陈士良、苏颂复启为两物之疑，
亦臆说尔。曰苏、曰姜、曰芥，皆因气味辛香，如苏、如姜、如芥也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶假苏生汉中川泽。
颂曰∶今处处有之，叶似落藜而细，初生香辛可啖，人取作生菜。古方稀用，近世医家
为要药，并取花实成穗者，曝干入药。又有胡荆芥，俗呼新罗荆芥。又有石荆芥，生山石间。
体性相近，入药亦同。
时珍曰∶荆芥原是野生，今为世用，遂多栽莳。二月布子生苗，炒食辛香。方茎细叶，
似独帚叶而狭小，淡黄绿色。八月开小花，作穗成房，房如紫苏房，内有细子如葶苈子状，
黄赤色，连穗收采用之。
【正误】藏器曰∶张鼎《食疗本草》，荆芥一名析 ，误矣。菥 自有本条，见草部。
时珍曰∶汪机《本草会编》，言假苏是白苏，亦误矣。白苏乃荏也。见后。
茎穗
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
诜曰∶作菜食久，动渴疾，熏人五脏神。反驴肉、无鳞鱼，详后发明下。
【主治】寒热鼠 ，瘰 生疮，破结聚气，下瘀血，除湿痹（《本经》）。去邪，除劳渴
冷风，出汗，煮汁服之。捣烂醋和，敷疔肿肿毒（藏器）。单用治恶风贼风，口面 斜，遍
身痹，心虚忘事，益力添精，辟邪毒瓦斯，通利血脉，传送五脏不足气，助脾胃（甄权）。
主血劳，风气壅满，背脊疼痛，虚汗，理丈夫香港脚，筋骨烦疼，及阴阳毒伤寒头痛，头旋目
眩，手足筋急（士良）。利五脏，消食下气，醒酒。作菜生熟皆可食，并煎茶饮之。以豉汁
煎服，治暴伤寒，能发汗（《日华》）。治妇人血风及疮疥，为要药（苏颂）。产后中风身强直，
研末酒服（孟诜）。散风热，清头目，利咽喉，消疮肿，治项强，目中黑花，及生疮阴 ，
吐血衄血，下血血痢，崩中痔漏（时珍）。
【发明】元素曰∶荆芥辛苦，气味俱薄，浮而升，阳也。
好古曰∶肝经气分药也。能搜肝气。
时珍曰∶荆芥入足厥阴经气分，其功长于祛风邪，散瘀血，破结气，消疮毒。盖厥阴乃
风木也，主血，而相火寄之，故风病血病疮病为要药。其治风也，贾丞相称为再生丹，许学
士谓有神圣功，戴院使许为产后要药，萧存敬呼为一捻金，陈无择隐为举卿古拜散，夫岂无
故而得此隆誉哉？按《唐韵》∶荆字，举卿切，芥字古拜切。盖二字之反切，隐语以秘其方
也。
又曰∶荆芥反鱼蟹河豚之说，本草医方并未言及，而稗官小说往往载之。按李廷飞《延
寿书》云∶凡食一切无鳞鱼，忌荆芥。食黄 鱼后食之，令人吐血，惟地浆可解。与蟹同
食，动风。又《蔡绦铁围山丛话》云∶予居岭峤，见食黄颡鱼犯姜芥者立死，甚于钩吻。洪
迈《夷坚志》云∶吴人魏几道，啖黄颡鱼羹，后采荆芥和茶饮。少顷足痒，上彻心肺，狂走，
足皮欲裂。急服药，两日乃解。陶九成《辍耕录》云∶凡食河豚，不可服荆芥药，大相反。
予在江阴见一儒者，因此丧命。《苇航纪谈》云∶凡服荆芥风药，忌食鱼。杨诚斋曾见一人
，立致于死也。时珍按∶荆芥乃日用之药，其相反如此，故详录之，以为警戒。又按《物类
相感志》言∶河豚用荆芥同煮，三五次换水，则无毒。其说与诸书不同，何哉？大抵养生者
，宁守前说为戒可也。
【附方】旧四，新二十七。
头项风强∶八月后，取荆芥穗作枕，及铺床下，立春日去之。（《千金方》）
风热头痛∶荆芥穗、石膏等分，为末。每服二钱，茶调下。（《永类钤方》）
风热牙痛∶荆芥根、乌 根、葱根等分煎汤频含漱之。小儿惊痫一百二十种。用荆芥穗
二两，白矾（半生半枯）一两，为末，糊丸黍米大，朱砂为衣。每姜汤下二十丸，日二服。
（《医学集成》）一切偏风，口眼 斜。用青荆芥一斤，青薄荷一斤，同入砂盆内研烂，生绢
绞汁，于瓷器中煎成膏，漉去滓三分之一，将二分晒干，为末，以膏和丸梧子大。每服三十
丸，白汤下，早暮各一服。忌动风物。（《经验后方》）
中风口噤∶荆芥穗为末，酒服二钱，立愈，名荆芥散。贾似道云∶此方出《曾公谈录》，
前后用之甚验。其子名顺者，病此已革，服之立定，真再生丹也。
产后中风∶华佗愈风散∶治妇人产后中风口噤，手足螈 如角弓，或产后血运，不省人
事，四肢强直，或筑心眼倒，吐泻欲死。用荆芥穗子，微焙为末。每服三钱，豆淋酒调服，
或童子小便服之。口噤则挑齿灌之，龈噤则灌入鼻中，其效如神。大抵产后太暖，则汗出而
腠理疏，则易于中风也。
时珍曰∶此方诸书盛称其妙。姚僧坦《集验方》以酒服，名如圣散，云药下可立待应效
。陈氏方名举卿古拜散。萧存敬方用古老钱煎汤服，名一捻金。王贶《指迷方》加当归等分
，水煎服。许叔微《本事方》云∶此药委有奇效神圣之功。一妇人产后睡久，及醒则昏昏如
醉，不省人事。医用此药及交加散，云∶服后当睡，睡中必以左手搔头。用之果然。昝殷《产
宝方》云∶此病多因怒气伤肝，或忧气内郁，或坐草受风而成，急宜服此药也。戴原礼《证
治要诀》名独行散。贾似道《悦生随抄》呼为再生丹。产后迷闷，因怒气发热迷闷者。独行
散∶用荆芥穗，以新瓦半炒半生为末。童子小便服一二钱。若角弓反张，以豆淋酒下。或锉
散，童尿煎服极妙。盖荆芥乃产后要药，而角弓反张，乃妇人急候，得此证者，十存一二而
已。（戴原礼《要诀》）
产后血运∶筑心眼倒，风缩欲死者。取干荆芥穗捣筛末。每用二钱匕，童子小便一酒盏，
调匀，热服。立效。口噤者挑齿，口闭者灌鼻中，皆效。近世名医用之，无不如神也。（《图
经本草》）产后血眩风虚，精神昏冒。荆芥穗一两三钱，桃仁五钱（去皮尖）。炒为末。水服
三钱。若喘加杏仁（去皮尖，炒）、甘草（炒）
产后下痢∶大荆芥四、五穗（于盏内烧存性，不得犯油火），入麝香少许。以沸汤些须
调下。此药虽微，能愈大病，不可忽之。（《深师方》）
产后鼻衄∶荆芥（焙）研末。童子小便服二钱，《海上方》也。（《妇人良方》）
九窍出血∶荆芥煎酒，通口服之。（《直指方》）口鼻出血如涌泉，因酒色太过者。荆芥
烧研，陈皮汤服二钱，不过二服也。
吐血不止∶《经验方》∶用荆芥（连根，洗），捣汁半盏服。干穗为末亦可。《圣惠方》∶
用荆芥穗为末。生地黄汁调服二钱。
小便尿血∶荆芥、缩砂等分，为末。糯米饮下三钱，日三服。（《集简》）
崩中不止∶荆芥穗（于麻油灯上烧焦，为末）。每服二钱，童子小便服。此夏太君娘娘
方也。（《妇人良方》）
痔漏肿痛∶荆芥煮汤，日日洗之。（《简易方》）大便下血∶《经验方》∶用荆芥（炒）为
末，每米饮服二钱，妇人用酒下，亦可拌面作馄饨食之。《简便方》∶用荆芥二两，槐花一两，
同炒紫为末。每服三钱，清茶送下。
小儿脱肛∶荆芥、皂角等分，煎汤洗之，以铁浆涂上。亦治子宫脱出。（《经验方》）
阴 肿痛∶荆芥穗（瓦焙）为散。酒服二钱，即消。（《寿域神方》）
小儿脐肿∶荆芥煎汤洗净，以煨葱刮薄出火毒，贴之即消。（《海上方》）
瘰 溃烂∶ 疮牵至胸前两腋，块如茄子大，或牵至两肩上，四、五年不能疗者，皆治
之，其效如神。武进县朱守仁传，云其项不能回头，用此数日减可。如疮烂破者，用荆芥根
下一段剪碎，煎沸汤温洗，良久，看烂破处紫黑，以针一刺去血，再洗三四次愈。用樟脑、
雄黄等分，为末，麻油调，扫上出水。次日再洗再扫，以愈为度。（《活法机要》）
疔肿诸毒∶荆芥一握（切）。以水五升，煮取二升，分二服冷冻饮料。（《药性论》）
一切疮疥∶荆芥末，以地黄自然汁熬膏，和丸梧子大。每服三、五十丸，茶酒任下。（《普
济方》）
脚桠湿烂∶荆芥叶捣敷之。（《简便方》）
缠脚生疮∶荆芥烧灰，葱汁调敷，先以甘草汤洗之。（《摘玄方》）小儿风寒，烦热有痰，
不省人事。荆芥穗半两（焙），麝香、片脑各一字，为末。每茶服半钱。大人亦治。（《普济
方》）
头目诸疾∶一切眼疾，血劳，风气头痛，头旋目眩。荆芥穗为末，每酒服三钱。（《龙
树论》）癃闭不通，小腹急痛，无问久新。荆芥、大黄（为末）等分，每温水服三钱。小便
不通，大黄减半；大便不通，
荆芥减半。名倒换散。（《普济方》）
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
【校正】从蔬菜部移入此处。
【释名】姜芥（出自《名医别录》）、荆芥（出自《吴普本草》）、鼠蓂（出自《神农本草经》）。
陶弘景说：假苏在方药中已不再使用。
苏恭说：这就是蔬菜中的荆芥，只是“姜芥”是声音讹传罢了。原先列在草部，现在录入蔬菜部。
陈士良说：荆芥在本草中被称为假苏。假苏又是另一种植物。叶子尖圆，多野生，因为香气像紫苏，所以称为苏。
苏颂说：医官陈巽说：江东人认为假苏和荆芥实际上是两种植物。苏恭因为本草中有一个名字叫姜芥，认为“荆姜”是声音讹误，说是荆芥，这是错误的。
李时珍说：查阅《吴普本草》记载：假苏又名荆芥，叶子像落藜但更细，蜀地有人生吃它。吴普是东汉末年的人，距离《名医别录》成书时间不远，他的话应该没有错误，所以唐代苏恭沿袭了他的说法。而陈士良、苏颂又引发它们是两种植物的怀疑，这也是主观臆测罢了。叫苏、叫姜、叫芥，都是因为气味辛香，像苏、像姜、像芥一样。
【集解】《名医别录》说：假苏生长在汉中地区的川泽。
苏颂说：现在到处都有，叶子像落藜但更细，刚长出来时味道辛香可以食用，人们把它当作生菜采摘。古方中很少使用，近代医家将其作为重要药物，并采集花实结成穗的，晒干后入药。还有胡荆芥，俗称新罗荆芥。还有石荆芥，生长在岩石间。体性和药效相近，入药也相同。
李时珍说：荆芥原本是野生的，现在因为世人使用，所以大多人工栽培。二月播种生出苗，炒食味道辛香。茎方形，叶子细小，像独帚叶但更狭小，呈淡黄绿色。八月开小花，结成穗状，果实像紫苏的果实，里面有细小的种子像葶苈子，呈黄赤色，连穗一起采收使用。
【正误】藏器说：张鼎的《食疗本草》中，荆芥一名析蓂，这是错误的。菥蓂自有本条，见草部。
李时珍说：汪机的《本草会编》中说假苏是白苏，也是错误的。白苏就是荏。见后文。
茎穗
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
孟诜说：长期做菜吃，会引发口渴的疾病，熏扰人的五脏神气。与驴肉、无鳞鱼相反，详见后文发明部分。
【主治】治疗寒热、鼠瘘（淋巴结核）、瘰疬（颈部淋巴结结核）生疮，破除结聚之气，下瘀血，除湿痹（出自《神农本草经》）。去除邪气，消除劳渴、冷风，发汗，煮汁服用。捣烂后用醋调和，敷贴疔肿毒疮（出自李藏器）。单用治疗恶风贼风，口眼歪斜，全身麻木，心虚健忘，增强体力，补充精气，辟除邪毒瓦斯，通利血脉，传输五脏不足之气，辅助脾胃（出自甄权）。
主治血劳，风气壅滞胀满，背脊疼痛，虚汗，调理男子的脚气，筋骨烦痛，以及阴阳毒伤寒头痛，头晕目眩，手足筋脉拘急（出自陈士良）。利五脏，消食下气，醒酒。做菜生吃或熟吃都可以，也可以煎水当茶喝。用豆豉汁煎服，治疗突发伤寒，能发汗（出自《日华子本草》）。治疗妇人血风及疮疥，是重要药物（出自苏颂）。产后中风身体强直，研成末用酒送服（出自孟诜）。疏散风热，清利头目，利咽喉，消疮肿，治疗项强，眼中黑花，以及阴部生疮，吐血、鼻衄，便血、血痢，崩漏、痔漏（出自李时珍）。
【发明】王好古说：荆芥辛苦，气味都很淡薄，性浮而升，属阳。
李东垣说：是肝经气分的药。能搜剔肝气。
李时珍说：荆芥入足厥阴肝经气分，它的功效长于祛风邪，散瘀血，破结气，消疮毒。大概因为厥阴属风木，主血，而相火寄居其中，所以是风病、血病、疮病的重要药物。它治疗风病，贾丞相称为再生丹，许学士说它有神圣的功效，戴院使称赞它为产后要药，萧存敬呼为一捻金，陈无择隐称为举卿古拜散，这难道没有原因而得到如此高的赞誉吗？查阅《唐韵》：荆字，举卿切；芥字，古拜切。大概是这两个字的反切，用隐语来保密药方。
又说：荆芥与鱼蟹河豚相反的说法，本草医方中都没有提及，而稗官小说往往记载。查阅李廷飞《延寿书》说：凡是吃一切无鳞鱼，忌食荆芥。吃黄颡鱼后吃荆芥，令人吐血，只有地浆可以解毒。与蟹同吃，动风。又《蔡绦铁围山丛话》说：我居住在岭南，见吃黄颡鱼触犯姜芥的人立刻死亡，比钩吻还厉害。洪迈《夷坚志》说：吴人魏几道，吃黄颡鱼羹，后来采荆芥和茶饮。不久脚痒，上彻心肺，狂跑，脚皮欲裂。急忙服药，两天才缓解。陶九成《辍耕录》说：凡是吃河豚，不可服荆芥药，大相反。我在江阴见一儒者，因此丧命。《苇航纪谈》说：凡是服荆芥风药，忌食鱼。杨诚斋曾见一人，立刻致死。李时珍按：荆芥是日常使用的药物，竟然如此相反，所以详细记录，以作警戒。又查阅《物类相感志》说：河豚用荆芥同煮，换水三五次，则无毒。这种说法与其他书不同，为什么呢？大概养生的人，宁愿遵守前面的说法作为警戒即可。
【附方】旧方四首，新方二十七首。
头项风强：八月后，取荆芥穗做枕头，以及铺在床下，立春那天去掉。（《千金方》）
风热头痛：荆芥穗、石膏各等分，研为末。每次服二钱，茶调下。（《永类钤方》）
风热牙痛：荆芥根、乌头根、葱根各等分煎汤频繁含漱。小儿惊痫一百二十种。用荆芥穗二两，白矾（半生半枯）一两，研为末，糊丸如黍米大，朱砂为衣。每次姜汤送下二十丸，每日两次。（《医学集成》）一切偏风，口眼歪斜。用青荆芥一斤，青薄荷一斤，同入砂盆内研烂，生绢绞汁，在瓷器中煎成膏，滤去渣三分之一，将剩余二分晒干，研为末，用膏调和丸如梧桐子大。每次服三十丸，白开水送下，早晚各一次。忌食动风之物。（《经验后方》）
中风口噤：荆芥穗研为末，酒服二钱，立刻痊愈，名为荆芥散。贾似道说：此方出自《曾公谈录》，前后使用非常灵验。他的儿子名叫顺的，患此病已危重，服用后立刻安定，真是再生丹啊。
产后中风：华佗愈风散：治疗妇人产后中风口噤，手足抽搐如角弓反张，或产后血晕，不省人事，四肢强直，或筑心眼倒，吐泻欲死。用荆芥穗子，微焙研为末。每次服三钱，豆淋酒调服，或用童子小便服之。口噤则挑开牙齿灌入，牙龈紧闭则灌入鼻中，效果如神。大概产后太暖，则出汗而腠理疏松，则易于中风。
李时珍说：此方诸书盛称其妙。姚僧坦《集验方》用酒服，名为如圣散，说药下可立即等待应效。陈氏方名举卿古拜散。萧存敬方用古老钱煎汤服，名一捻金。王贶《指迷方》加当归等分，水煎服。许叔微《本事方》说：此药确实有奇效神圣之功。一妇人产后睡久，醒来则昏昏如醉，不省人事。医生用此药及交加散，说：服后应当睡觉，睡中必定用左手搔头。使用果然如此。昝殷《产宝方》说：此病多因怒气伤肝，或忧气内郁，或坐草受风而成，急宜服此药。戴原礼《证治要诀》名独行散。贾似道《悦生随抄》呼为再生丹。产后迷闷，因怒气发热迷闷者。独行散：用荆芥穗，以新瓦半炒半生研为末。童子小便服一二钱。若角弓反张，用豆淋酒送下。或锉散，童尿煎服极妙。大概荆芥乃产后要药，而角弓反张，乃妇人急候，得此证者，十存一二而已。（戴原礼《要诀》）
产后血运：筑心眼倒，风缩欲死者。取干荆芥穗捣筛末。每次用二钱匕，童子小便一酒盏，调匀，热服。立刻见效。口噤者挑齿，口闭者灌鼻中，都有效。近代名医使用，无不如神。（《图经本草》）产后血眩风虚，精神昏冒。荆芥穗一两三钱，桃仁五钱（去皮尖）。炒为末。水服三钱。若喘加杏仁（去皮尖，炒）、甘草（炒）
产后下痢：大荆芥四、五穗（在盏内烧存性，不得犯油火），入麝香少许。用沸汤少许调下。此药虽微，能愈大病，不可忽视。（《深师方》）
产后鼻衄：荆芥（焙）研末。童子小便服二钱，《海上方》也。（《妇人良方》）
九窍出血：荆芥煎酒，通口服之。（《直指方》）口鼻出血如涌泉，因酒色太过者。荆芥烧研，陈皮汤服二钱，不过二服也。
吐血不止：《经验方》：用荆芥（连根，洗），捣汁半盏服。干穗为末亦可。《圣惠方》：用荆芥穗为末。生地黄汁调服二钱。
小便尿血：荆芥、缩砂各等分，为末。糯米饮下三钱，日三服。（《集简》）
崩中不止：荆芥穗（在麻油灯上烧焦，为末）。每次服二钱，童子小便服。此夏太君娘娘方也。（《妇人良方》）
痔漏肿痛：荆芥煮汤，日日洗之。（《简易方》）大便下血：《经验方》：用荆芥（炒）为末，每米饮服二钱，妇人用酒下，亦可拌面作馄饨食之。《简便方》：用荆芥二两，槐花一两，同炒紫为末。每次服三钱，清茶送下。
小儿脱肛：荆芥、皂角各等分，煎汤洗之，以铁浆涂上。亦治子宫脱出。（《经验方》）
阴部肿痛：荆芥穗（瓦焙）为散。酒服二钱，即消。（《寿域神方》）
小儿脐肿：荆芥煎汤洗净，以煨葱刮薄出火毒，贴之即消。（《海上方》）
瘰疬溃烂：疮牵至胸前两腋，块如茄子大，或牵至两肩上，四、五年不能疗者，皆治之，其效如神。武进县朱守仁传，云其项不能回头，用此数日减可。如疮烂破者，用荆芥根下一段剪碎，煎沸汤温洗，良久，看烂破处紫黑，以针一刺去血，再洗三四次愈。用樟脑、雄黄各等分，为末，麻油调，扫上出水。次日再洗再扫，以愈为度。（《活法机要》）
疔肿诸毒：荆芥一握（切）。以水五升，煮取二升，分二服冷冻饮料。（《药性论》）
一切疮疥：荆芥末，以地黄自然汁熬膏，和丸梧子大。每次服三、五十丸，茶酒任下。（《普济方》）
脚桠湿烂：荆芥叶捣敷之。（《简便方》）
缠脚生疮：荆芥烧灰，葱汁调敷，先以甘草汤洗之。（《摘玄方》）小儿风寒，烦热有痰，不省人事。荆芥穗半两（焙），麝香、片脑各一字，为末。每次茶服半钱。大人亦治。（《普济方》）
头目诸疾：一切眼疾，血劳，风气头痛，头旋目眩。荆芥穗为末，每次酒服三钱。（《龙树论》）癃闭不通，小腹急痛，无论新旧。荆芥、大黄（为末）各等分，每次温水服三钱。小便不通，大黄减半；大便不通，荆芥减半。名倒换散。（《普济方》）
(Registered as Middle Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] Moved from the Vegetable Section to here.
[Names] Jiangjie (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Jingjie (from *Wu Pu Bencao*), Shumi (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Tao Hongjing stated: Jiasu is no longer used in prescriptions.
Su Gong stated: This is the Jingjie found in vegetables; "Jiangjie" is a phonetic error. It was originally listed in the Grass Section, now it is recorded in the Vegetable Section.
Chen Shiliang stated: Jingjie is called Jiasu in herbal texts. Jiasu is actually another substance. Its leaves are sharp and round, mostly wild-growing, and because its aroma resembles Perilla (Zisu), it is called Su.
Su Song stated: Medical official Chen Xun said: People in Jiangzuo consider Jiasu and Jingjie to be two different substances. Su Gong, because the herbal text has one name as Jiangjie, believed that "Jingjiang" was a phonetic error for Jingjie, which is incorrect.
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Wu Pu Bencao*: Jiasu is also named Jingjie; its leaves resemble those of *Xanthium strumarium* but are finer, and people in Shu eat them raw. Pu was a person at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, not far removed from the time of *Mingyi Bielu*, so his words should not be erroneous; thus, Tang dynasty's Su Gong followed this theory. However, Chen Shiliang and Su Song revived the doubt that they are two different substances, which is also speculative. The names Su, Jiang, and Jie all refer to their pungent and fragrant aromas, resembling Perilla, Ginger, and Mustard respectively.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Jiasu grows in the rivers and marshes of Hanzhong.
Su Song stated: It is now available everywhere; its leaves resemble those of *Xanthium strumarium* but are finer. When young, it is pungent and edible, and people pick it as a salad vegetable. It was rarely used in ancient formulas, but modern physicians regard it as an important medicine, using the flower spikes dried for medicinal use. There is also Hu Jingjie, commonly called Xinluo Jingjie. There is also Shi Jingjie, growing among rocks. Their properties and medicinal uses are similar.
Li Shizhen stated: Jingjie was originally wild, but due to its widespread use today, it is mostly cultivated. Seeds are sown in February, sprouting seedlings which can be stir-fried and eaten for their pungent aroma. The stem is square, leaves are slender, resembling those of *Artemisia capillaris* but narrower, pale yellow-green in color. Small flowers bloom in August, forming spikes; the fruits resemble those of Perilla, containing fine seeds like Sesame Mustard (*Tinglizi*), yellowish-red in color. The whole spike is harvested and used.
[Correction of Errors] Zang Qi stated: In Zhang Ding's *Shiliao Bencao*, Jingjie is named Xi Ming, which is incorrect. Xi Ming has its own entry, see the Grass Section.
Li Shizhen stated: Wang Ji's *Bencao Huibian* claims that Jiasu is Baishu (White Perilla), which is also incorrect. Baishu is Ren. See later.
Stems and Spikes
[Aroma and Flavor] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
Meng Shen stated: Long-term consumption as a vegetable can induce thirst diseases and disturb the spirit of the five zang organs. It is incompatible with donkey meat and scaleless fish; see details under [Invention].
[Main Indications] Treats chills and fever, shu lou (lymphatic tuberculosis), luo li (scrofula) with sores, breaks up stagnant qi, eliminates blood stasis, and removes damp-bi (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Expels evil pathogens, relieves labor-induced thirst and cold wind, induces sweating; decocted juice is taken internally. Crushed and mixed with vinegar, applied externally to ding zhong (carbuncles) and toxic swellings (Zang Qi). Used alone to treat aversion to wind and thief-wind, facial paralysis (mouth and eye deviation), generalized numbness, heart deficiency with forgetfulness, enhances strength and essence, wards off evil toxic vapors, promotes smooth blood vessels, transmits insufficient qi of the five zang organs, and assists the spleen and stomach (Zhen Quan).
Treats blood-labor (chronic fatigue due to blood deficiency), stagnation of wind-qi causing fullness, back pain, spontaneous sweating, regulates men's jiaojie (podagra/gout), painful joints, and headache/dizziness from yin-yang toxic typhoid (Shi Liang). Benefits the five zang organs, aids digestion, directs qi downward, revives from intoxication. Can be eaten raw or cooked as a vegetable, or brewed as tea. Decocted with soybean ferment (Chi), it treats acute typhoid and induces sweating (*Rihua Bencao*). It is a key medicine for women's wind-blood disorders and skin sores (Su Song). For postpartum wind-stroke with body stiffness, powdered and taken with wine (Meng Shen). Disperses wind-heat, clears head and eyes, benefits throat, reduces swelling, treats neck stiffness, visual floaters, sores in the genital area, hematemesis, epistaxis, hematochezia, bloody dysentery, metrorrhagia, and hemorrhoidal fistulas (Li Shizhen).
[Invention] Li Dongyuan stated: Jingjie is pungent and bitter, with thin aroma and flavor, floating and ascending, belonging to Yang.
Li Gao stated: It is a herb for the qi level of the Liver channel. It can search out liver qi.
Li Shizhen stated: Jingjie enters the qi level of the Foot Jueyin (Liver) channel. Its efficacy lies in dispelling wind-pathogens, dispersing blood stasis, breaking up stagnant qi, and eliminating toxin sores. Since Jueyin belongs to Wind-Wood, governs blood, and houses Ministerial Fire, it is a key herb for wind diseases, blood diseases, and sores. Regarding its treatment of wind diseases, Prime Minister Jia called it "Rebirth Pill," Academician Xu said it has divine efficacy, Dean Dai praised it as a key postpartum herb, Xiao Cunjing called it "One Pinch of Gold," and Chen Wuyue hid it as "Juqing Gu Bai San." Did it gain such high praise without reason? According to *Tang Yun*: The character Jing is pronounced by "Juqing Qie," and Jie by "Gu Bai Qie." These are likely fanqie (reverse cuts) used as a cipher to keep the prescription secret.
Furthermore: The saying that Jingjie is incompatible with fish, crab, and pufferfish is not mentioned in herbal texts or medical formulas, but often appears in unofficial histories. Li Tingfei's *Yanshou Shu* states: When eating any scaleless fish, avoid Jingjie. Eating Jingjie after Yellow Catfish causes vomiting of blood, only earth slurry can antidote it. Eating with crab triggers wind. *Cai Tao's Tie Wei Shan Conghua* states: Living in Lingqiao, I saw someone die instantly after eating Yellow Catfish and touching Jiangjie, worse than Gouwen. Hong Mai's *Yijian Zhi* states: Wu person Wei Jidao ate Yellow Catfish soup, then drank tea with Jingjie. Soon his feet itched intensely up to heart and lungs, he ran madly, foot skin wanting to crack. Emergency medication resolved it in two days. Tao Jiu Cheng's *Chuo Geng Lu* states: When eating pufferfish, do not take Jingjie medicine; they are strongly incompatible. I saw a scholar in Jiangyin die from this. *Weihang Jitan* states: When taking Jingjie wind-dispersing drugs, avoid fish. Yang Chengzhai once saw a person die instantly from this. Li Shizhen notes: Jingjie is a daily-used drug; since it is so incompatible, I record it in detail as a warning. Also, *Wulei Xianggan Zhi* states: Boiling pufferfish with Jingjie and changing water three to five times renders it non-toxic. This differs from other books. Generally, health cultivators should adhere to the former warnings.
[Attached Formulas] Four old, twenty-seven new.
Head and Neck Wind Stiffness: After August, make pillows from Jingjie spikes and place them under the bed; remove on Lichun (Start of Spring) (*Qianjin Fang*).
Wind-Heat Headache: Jingjie spikes and Gypsum in equal parts, powdered. Take 2 qian each time,调 with tea (*Yonglei Qianfang*).
Wind-Heat Toothache: Jingjie root, Aconite root, and Scallion root in equal parts, decocted for frequent gargling. One hundred and twenty types of pediatric convulsions: Use 2 liang Jingjie spikes, 1 liang Bai Fan (half raw, half calcined), powdered, pillified with paste to size of millet seeds, coated with Cinnabar. Take 20 pills with ginger soup, twice daily (*Yixue Jicheng*). All types of hemiplegia and facial paralysis: Use 1 jin Qing Jingjie and 1 jin Qing Bohe, grind in a mortar, squeeze juice through raw silk, decoct into paste in porcelain, filter off one-third residue, dry the remaining two-thirds, powder, mix with paste to pill size of wutong seeds. Take 30 pills with warm water, morning and evening. Avoid wind-triggering foods (*Jingyan Houfang*).
Wind-Stroke with Locked Jaw: Powder Jingjie spikes, take 2 qian with wine, cures immediately, named Jingjie San. Jia Sidao said: This formula comes from *Zeng Gong Tanlu*, used previously with great effect. His son Shun, critically ill with this, recovered instantly upon taking it; truly a Rebirth Pill.
Postpartum Wind-Stroke: Hua Tuo's Yufeng San: Treats postpartum wind-stroke with locked jaw, opisthotonos (body arched like a bow), or postpartum blood syncope with unconsciousness, limb stiffness, or sudden collapse with vomiting/diarrhea濒死. Lightly roast Jingjie spikes, powder. Take 3 qian调 with Doulin Wine (soybeans soaked in wine) or child's urine. If locked jaw, pry teeth open to administer; if gums clenched, instill into nose. Effect is miraculous. Generally, postpartum warmth causes sweating and loose pores, making one susceptible to wind.
Li Shizhen stated: This formula is highly praised in various books. Yao Sengtan's *Jiyan Fang* uses wine administration, named Rusheng San, claiming immediate effect. Chen's formula is named Juqing Gu Bai San. Xiao Cunjing's formula uses ancient coins decocted, named Yini Jin. Wang Kuang's *Zhimi Fang* adds Danggui in equal parts, decocted in water. Xu Shumi's *Benshi Fang* states: This drug indeed has miraculous divine power. A woman slept long after childbirth, woke up dizzy as if drunk, unconscious. Doctors used this drug and Jiaojia San, stating she would sleep and scratch her head with left hand during sleep. It happened exactly as predicted. Zan Yin's *Chanbao Fang* states: This disease is often caused by anger injuring liver, sorrow depressing qi internally, or catching wind during delivery; urgent administration is needed. Dai Yuanli's *Zhengzhi Yaojue* names it Duxing San. Jia Sidao's *Yuesheng Suichao* calls it Rebirth Pill. For postpartum confusion due to anger and heat: Duxing San: Use Jingjie spikes, half roasted half raw on new tile, powder. Take 1-2 qian with child's urine. If opisthotonos, use Doulin Wine. Or powder, decoct with child's urine for excellent results. Jingjie is a key postpartum herb, while opisthotonos is an emergency for women; survival rate is only 1 or 2 in 10 (*Dai Yuanli's Yaojue*).
Postpartum Blood Syncope: Collapse, wind contraction濒死. Take dried Jingjie spikes, powder. Use 2 qian匕, mix with one cup child's urine, take hot. Immediate effect. For locked jaw, pry teeth; for closed mouth, instill into nose. Effective. Modern famous doctors use it with miraculous results (*Tujing Bencao*). Postpartum blood dizziness and wind-deficiency, mental confusion: 1 liang 3 qian Jingjie spikes, 5 qian Taoren (peeled and destoned). Stir-fry, powder. Take 3 qian with water. Add Xingren (peeled, destoned, stir-fried) and Gancao (stir-fried) if panting.
Postpartum Dysentery: 4-5 large Jingjie spikes (charred in a cup until carbonized, avoid oil/fire), add a little Moschus. Mix with a little boiling water and take. Though mild, it cures major illnesses, do not ignore (*Shenshi Fang*).
Postpartum Epistaxis: Jingjie (roasted), powder. Take 2 qian with child's urine, from *Haishang Fang* (*Furen Liangfang*).
Bleeding from Nine Orifices: Decoct Jingjie in wine, drink throughout (*Zhizhi Fang*). Nose and mouth bleeding like a spring, due to excessive alcohol and sex: Burn Jingjie to powder, take 2 qian with Chenpi soup, within two doses.
Unceasing Hematemesis: *Jingyan Fang*: Use Jingjie (with roots, washed), crush juice, take half cup. Dry spikes powdered is also acceptable. *Shenghui Fang*: Powder Jingjie spikes, mix with fresh Shengdi juice, take 2 qian.
Hematuria: Jingjie and Sha Ren in equal parts, powder. Take 3 qian with glutinous rice drink, three times daily (*Jijian*).
Metrorrhagia Unceasing: Jingjie spikes (charred black over sesame oil lamp), powder. Take 2 qian with child's urine. This is Lady Xia Taijun's prescription (*Furen Liangfang*).
Hemorrhoidal Fistula Swelling and Pain: Decoct Jingjie in water, wash daily (*Jianyi Fang*). Hematochezia: *Jingyan Fang*: Stir-fry Jingjie, powder. Take 2 qian with rice drink; women take with wine, or mix with flour to make wontons. *Jianbian Fang*: 2 liang Jingjie, 1 liang Huaihua, stir-fry until purple, powder. Take 3 qian with clear tea.
Pediatric Rectal Prolapse: Jingjie and Gleditsia sinensis in equal parts, decoct for washing, apply iron rust solution. Also treats uterine prolapse (*Jingyan Fang*).
Genital Swelling and Pain: Jingjie spikes (roasted on tile), powder. Take 2 qian with wine,消散 immediately (*Shouyu Shenfang*).
Pediatric Umbilical Swelling: Decoct Jingjie, wash clean, apply baked scallion scraped thin to remove fire toxicity,消散 immediately (*Haishang Fang*).
Luo Li Ulceration: Sores extending to chest/armpits, lump like eggplant, or to shoulders, untreated for 4-5 years, all treated with miraculous effect. Passed down by Zhu Shouren of Wujin County, who could not turn his neck; reduced in a few days with this. If ulcerated/broken, cut a section of Jingjie root, boil in water, wash warm. After a while, when broken area turns purple-black, prick with needle to release blood, wash 3-4 times more to cure. Mix Zhangnao and Xionghuang in equal parts, powder,调 with sesame oil, paint on. Wash and paint again next day until cured (*Huofa Jiyao*).
Ding Zhong and Various Toxins: One handful of Jingjie (cut). Boil in 5 sheng water to get 2 sheng, divide into two doses, drink cold (*Yaoxing Lun*).
All Skin Sores and Scabies: Jingjie powder,熬 with natural juice of Shengdi into paste, pill to wutong seed size. Take 30-50 pills, with tea or wine freely (*Puji Fang*).
Intertrigo/Wet Rot between Toes: Crush Jingjie leaves, apply (*Jianbian Fang*).
Foot Binding Sores: Burn Jingjie to ash,调 with scallion juice, wash with Gancao soup first (*Zhaixuan Fang*). Pediatric Wind-Cold, irritability, heat with phlegm, unconsciousness: 0.5 liang Jingjie spikes (roasted), 1 zi Moschus, 1 zi Bingpian, powder. Take 0.5 qian with tea. Also treats adults (*Puji Fang*).
Head and Eye Diseases: All eye diseases, blood-labor, wind-headache, dizziness. Powder Jingjie spikes, take 3 qian with wine (*Longshu Lun*). Stranguria with inability to urinate, lower abdominal urgency/pain, regardless of duration. Jingjie and Dahuang (powder) in equal parts, take 3 qian with warm water. If urinary obstruction, halve Dahuang; if fecal obstruction, halve Jingjie. Named Daohuan San (*Puji Fang*).