肝、胆（温补凉泻。辛补酸泻。）心、小肠（热补寒泻。咸补甘泻。）
肺、大肠（凉补温泻。酸补辛泻。）肾、膀胱（寒补热泻。苦补咸泻。）
脾、胃（温热补，寒凉泻，各从其宜。甘补苦泻。）三焦、命门（同心。）
张元素曰∶五脏更相平也。一脏不平，所胜平之。故云∶安谷则昌，绝谷则亡。
水去则营散，谷消则卫亡，神无所居。故血不可不养，卫不可不温。血温气和，营卫乃
行，常有天命。
肝 苦急，急食甘以缓之（甘草），以酸泻之（赤芍药），实则泻子（甘草）。 欲
散，急食
辛以散之（川芎），以辛补之（细辛），虚则补母
心 苦缓，急食酸以收之（五味子），以甘泻之（甘草、参、 ），实则泻子（甘
草）。欲软，急
脾 苦湿，急食苦以燥之（白术），以苦泻之（黄连），实则泻子（桑白皮）。欲缓，
急
食甘以缓之（炙甘草），以甘补之（人参），虚则补母
肺 苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之（诃子），以辛泻之（桑白皮），实则泻子（泽泻）。
欲收
，急食酸以收之（白芍药），以酸补之（五味子），虚则补母（五味子）。
肾 苦燥，急食辛以润之（黄柏、知母），以咸泻之（泽泻），实则泻子（芍药）。
欲坚，
急食苦以
张元素曰∶凡药之五味，随五脏所入而为补泻，亦不过因其性而调之。酸入肝，苦入心
，甘入脾，辛入肺，咸入肾。辛主散，酸主收，甘主缓，苦主坚，咸主软。辛能散结润燥，
致津液，通气；酸能收缓敛散；甘能缓急调中；苦能燥湿坚软；咸能软坚；淡能利窍。李时
珍曰∶甘缓、酸收、苦燥、辛散、咸软、淡渗，五味之本性，一定而不变者也；其或补或泻
，则因五脏四时而迭相施用者也。温、凉、寒、热，四气之本性也；其于五脏补泻，亦迭相
施用也。此特洁古张氏因《素问》饮食补泻之义，举数药以为例耳，学人宜因意而充之。
肝、胆（用温性药补，凉性药泻。辛味药补，酸味药泻。）心、小肠（用热性药补，寒性药泻。咸味药补，甘味药泻。）
肺、大肠（用凉性药补，温性药泻。酸味药补，辛味药泻。）肾、膀胱（用寒性药补，热性药泻。苦味药补，咸味药泻。）
脾、胃（温热性药为补，寒凉性药为泻，各依其适宜情况而定。甘味药补，苦味药泻。）三焦、命门（与心的补泻原则相同。）
张元素说：五脏之间相互平衡制约。一脏功能失调，由其所不胜之脏来调节使之恢复平衡。所以说：饮食正常则身体昌盛，断绝饮食则生命消亡。
水液代谢失常则营血涣散，谷气消减则卫气亡失，神志便无处安住。所以血液不可不滋养，卫气不可不温煦。血液温暖、气机调和，营卫之气才能正常运行，人才能享有正常的寿命。
肝所苦（不适）在于拘急，急需食用甘味药以缓和它（如甘草），用酸味药泻它（如赤芍药），实证时泻其子脏（肝木生心火，故泻心，此处原文指“实则泻子”，但括号内注甘草，甘草入脾土，土为木之所胜，此处原文逻辑可能有特定语境或传抄差异，通常肝实泻心，若按五行相生“实则泻子”应为泻心，但李时珍此处引文可能侧重药物性味对肝的直接作用，或者原文意指通过补母或泻子调整，括号内药物需结合具体方义，此处直译原文标注）。欲疏散，急需食用辛味药以发散它（如川芎），用辛味药补它（如细辛），虚证时补其母脏（水生木，故补肾）。
心所苦在于弛缓，急需食用酸味药以收敛它（如五味子），用甘味药泻它（如甘草、人参、[缺字]），实证时泻其子脏（心火生土，故泻脾，括号内注甘草，甘草入脾）。欲软坚，急需……（原文此处似有缺漏，通常心病欲软，急食咸以软之，但原文未写完，仅保留现有内容翻译）。
脾所苦在于湿困，急需食用苦味药以燥湿它（如白术），用苦味药泻它（如黄连），实证时泻其子脏（脾土生金，故泻肺，括号内注桑白皮）。欲缓和，急需……（原文此处似有缺漏，通常脾病欲缓，急食甘以缓之，后文有对应）。
肺所苦在于气机上逆，急需食用苦味药以泄降它（如诃子），用辛味药泻它（如桑白皮），实证时泻其子脏（肺金生水，故泻肾，括号内注泽泻）。欲收敛，急需……（原文此处似有缺漏，通常肺病欲收，急食酸以收之）。
肾所苦在于干燥，急需食用辛味药以润燥它（如黄柏、知母），用咸味药泻它（如泽泻），实证时泻其子脏（肾水生木，故泻肝，括号内注芍药）。欲坚固，急需……（原文此处似有缺漏，通常肾病欲坚，急食苦以坚之）。
张元素说：凡是药物的五味，随着进入五脏的不同而产生补泻作用，也不过是顺应药性来进行调理。酸味入肝，苦味入心，甘味入脾，辛味入肺，咸味入肾。辛味主发散，酸味主收敛，甘味主缓和，苦味主坚燥，咸味主软坚。辛味能散结润燥，促进津液生成，通行气机；酸味能收敛缓散；甘味能缓解急迫、调和脾胃；苦味能燥湿坚阴；咸味能软坚散结；淡味能通利窍道。
李时珍说：甘能缓、酸能收、苦能燥、辛能散、咸能软、淡能渗，这是五味的本性，固定而不变的；至于它们是起补还是泻的作用，则是根据五脏特性和四季变化交替施用的。温、凉、寒、热，是四气的本性；它们在五脏的补泻中，也是交替施用的。这仅仅是洁古（张元素）依据《素问》中关于饮食补泻的意义，列举几种药物作为例子罢了，学习的人应当领会其意并加以扩充应用。
Liver and Gallbladder (Tonify with warm-natured herbs, drain with cool-natured herbs. Tonify with acrid flavor, drain with sour flavor.) Heart and Small Intestine (Tonify with hot-natured herbs, drain with cold-natured herbs. Tonify with salty flavor, drain with sweet flavor.) Lung and Large Intestine (Tonify with cool-natured herbs, drain with warm-natured herbs. Tonify with sour flavor, drain with acrid flavor.) Kidney and Bladder (Tonify with cold-natured herbs, drain with hot-natured herbs. Tonify with bitter flavor, drain with salty flavor.) Spleen and Stomach (Warm and hot natured herbs for tonification, cold and cool natured herbs for draining, according to appropriateness. Tonify with sweet flavor, drain with bitter flavor.) Sanjiao (Triple Burner) and Mingmen (Gate of Vitality) (Same principles as the Heart.)
Zhang Yuansu stated: The five Zang organs maintain mutual balance. If one organ is imbalanced, it is regulated by the organ that controls it. Thus it is said: "Abundant food intake leads to prosperity, while lack of food leads to demise." When fluids are lost, Ying (Nutrient) Qi scatters; when grain essence is consumed, Wei (Defensive) Qi perishes, and Shen (Spirit) has no abode. Therefore, Blood must be nourished, and Wei Qi must be warmed. When Blood is warm and Qi is harmonious, Ying and Wei Qi circulate normally, allowing one to fulfill their natural lifespan.
The Liver dislikes tension/spasms; urgently consume sweet-flavored herbs to relax it (e.g., Gancao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma]), drain it with sour-flavored herbs (e.g., Chishao Yao [Paeoniae Radix Rubra]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (note: text cites Gancao, typically associated with Spleen/Earth, while Liver is Wood; Wood generates Fire, so draining the child usually implies draining the Heart/Fire, but the text specifies the herb). To disperse, urgently consume acrid-flavored herbs to scatter it (e.g., Chuanxiong [Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma]), tonify it with acrid-flavored herbs (e.g., Xixin [Asari Radix et Rhizoma]). For deficiency conditions, tonify the mother organ (Water generates Wood, so tonify Kidney).
The Heart dislikes flaccidity/laxity; urgently consume sour-flavored herbs to astringe it (e.g., Wuweizi [Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus]), drain it with sweet-flavored herbs (e.g., Gancao [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma], Renshen [Panacis Ginseng Radix], [missing character]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Heart generates Earth, so drain Spleen; text cites Gancao). To soften hardness, urgently... [text incomplete].
The Spleen dislikes dampness; urgently consume bitter-flavored herbs to dry it (e.g., Baizhu [Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma]), drain it with bitter-flavored herbs (e.g., Huanglian [Coptidis Rhizoma]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Spleen generates Metal, so drain Lung; text cites Sangbaipi [Mori Cortex]). To relax, urgently... [text incomplete].
The Lung dislikes rebellious Qi; urgently consume bitter-flavored herbs to drain/descend it (e.g., Hezi [Chebulae Fructus]), drain it with acrid-flavored herbs (e.g., Sangbaipi [Mori Cortex]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Lung generates Water, so drain Kidney; text cites Zexie [Alismatis Rhizoma]). To astringe, urgently... [text incomplete].
The Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently consume acrid-flavored herbs to moisten it (e.g., Huangbai [Phellodendri Cortex], Zhimu [Anemarrhenae Rhizoma]), drain it with salty-flavored herbs (e.g., Zexie [Alismatis Rhizoma]). For excess conditions, drain the child organ (Kidney generates Wood, so drain Liver; text cites Shaoyao [Paeoniae Radix]). To firm/solidify, urgently... [text incomplete].
Zhang Yuansu stated: The five flavors of herbs produce tonification or draining effects depending on which Zang organ they enter, merely adjusting based on their nature. Sour enters the Liver, Bitter enters the Heart, Sweet enters the Spleen, Acrid enters the Lung, Salty enters the Kidney. Acrid governs dispersion, Sour governs astringency, Sweet governs relaxation, Bitter governs drying/firming, Salty governs softening. Acrid can dissipate nodules, moisten dryness, generate fluids, and promote Qi circulation; Sour can restrain laxity and astringe dispersal; Sweet can relieve urgency and harmonize the Middle Jiao; Bitter can dry dampness and firm the body; Salty can soften hardness; Dan (Bland) can open orifices.
Li Shizhen stated: Sweet relaxes, Sour astringes, Bitter dries, Acrid disperses, Salty softens, Bland permeates; these are the inherent natures of the five flavors, fixed and unchanging. Whether they act as tonics or drains depends on the specific application to the five Zang organs and the four seasons. Warm, Cool, Cold, and Hot are the inherent natures of the four Qi; their use in tonifying or draining the five Zang organs also varies alternately. This was merely Zhang Jiegu (Zhang Yuansu) citing a few herbs as examples based on the meaning of dietary tonification and draining in the *Suwen* (Basic Questions); students should understand the intent and expand upon it.