（《纲目》）
【释名】时珍曰∶鱼腹有硬刺勒人，故名。
【集解】时珍曰∶勒鱼出东南海中，以四月至。渔人设网候之，听水
有一次、二次、三次乃止。状如鲥鱼，小首细鳞。腹下有硬刺，如鲥腹之刺，头上有骨，合
之如鹤喙形。干者谓之勒鲞，吴人嗜之。甜瓜生者，用勒鲞骨插蒂上，一夜便熟。石首鲞骨
亦然。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】开胃暖中。作鲞尤良（时珍）。
鳃
【主治】疟疾。以一寸入七宝饮，酒、水各半煎，露一夜服（
（音剂。《食疗》）
【释名】 鱼（音剂）、 鱼（音
音遒，亦作 ）、
时珍曰∶鱼形如剂物裂篾之刀，故有诸名。《魏武食制》谓之望鱼。
【集解】时珍曰∶鲚生江湖中，常以三月始出。状狭而长薄，如削木片，亦如长薄尖刀
形。细鳞白色。吻上有二硬须，腮下有长鬣如麦芒。腹下有硬角刺，快利若刀。腹后近尾有
短鬣，肉中多细刺。煎、炙或作 、
鲔食而不饮。又《异物志》云∶ 鱼仲夏从海中溯流而上。长尺余，腹下如刀，肉中细骨
如鸟毛。云是 鸟所化，故腹内尚有鸟肾二枚。其鸟白色，如 群飞。至仲夏，鸟藏鱼出，
变化无疑。然今鲚鱼亦自生
肉
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
诜曰∶发疥，不可多食。
源曰∶助火，动痰，发疾。
【释名】李时珍说：这种鱼腹部有硬刺，能勒伤人，所以得名“勒鱼”。
【集解】李时珍说：勒鱼产于东南沿海，四月间出现。渔人设置网具等候捕捉，听水声有一次、两次、三次响动后才停止收网。它的形状像鲥鱼，头小鳞细。腹部下方有硬刺，如同鲥鱼腹部的刺；头上有骨头，合起来形状像鹤嘴。晒干的称为“勒鲞”，吴地人喜爱食用。生甜瓜，用勒鲞的骨头插在瓜蒂上，一夜之间就会成熟。石首鱼的干品骨头也有同样的功效。
肉
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】开胃暖中。制成干品（鲞）食用效果更佳（李时珍）。
鳃
【主治】疟疾。取一寸长的鳃放入七宝饮方剂中，用酒和水各半煎煮，露天放置一夜后服用（《食疗本草》）。
【释名】鲚鱼（音同“剂”）、鲚鱼（音同“遒”，也写作其他字形），李时珍说：鲚鱼的形状像劈开竹篾的刀具，因此有多种名称。《魏武食制》称之为“望鱼”。
【集解】李时珍说：鲚鱼生活在江河湖海中，通常三月才开始出现。体型狭长而薄，像削下的木片，也像长薄的尖刀。鳞片细小呈白色。吻部有两根硬须，腮下有像麦芒一样的长鬣。腹部下方有坚硬的角状刺，锋利如刀。腹部后方靠近尾巴处有短鬣，肉质中含有许多细刺。可以煎炸或做成干品食用。鲚鱼吞食而不饮水。另外《异物志》记载：鲚鱼在仲夏时节从海中逆流而上。身长一尺多，腹部像刀一样，肉中的细骨像鸟毛。说是由某种鸟变化而来，所以腹内还有两枚鸟肾。这种鸟是白色的，成群飞翔。到了仲夏，鸟隐藏起来鱼出现，变化确凿无疑。然而现在的鲚鱼也是自然生成的。
[Name] Li Shizhen stated: This fish has hard spines on its belly that can cut or bind people, hence the name "Lei Yu" (Lacerating Fish).
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Lei Yu is found in the seas of the southeast and appears in April. Fishermen set nets to wait for it, listening to the water sounds; they cease operation after hearing one, two, or three splashes. Its shape resembles the Tenualosa ilisha (Si Yu), with a small head and fine scales. There are hard spines under the belly, similar to those of Si Yu; there is bone on the head, which forms a shape like a crane's beak when combined. Dried specimens are called "Lei Xiang" (Dried Lacerating Fish), which people in Wu enjoy eating. If a raw sweet melon has the bone of Lei Xiang inserted into its stem, it ripens overnight. The dried bones of Sciaenidae (Shishou Yu) have the same effect.
Meat
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Stimulates appetite and warms the middle jiao. It is especially good when made into dried fish (Li Shizhen).
Gills
[Therapeutic Actions] Malaria. Take one cun of gill, add it to Qibao Yin (Seven-Treasure Decoction), decoct with half wine and half water, expose to dew overnight, and take (Shiliao Bencao).
[Name] Jie Yu (pronounced 'ji'), Jie Yu (pronounced 'qiu', also written as other characters), Li Shizhen stated: The shape of Jie Yu resembles a knife used for splitting bamboo strips, hence the various names. Wei Wu Shi Zhi calls it "Wang Yu".
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Jie Yu lives in rivers and lakes, usually appearing in March. It is narrow, long, and thin, like a shaved wood chip or a long thin dagger. The scales are fine and white. There are two hard barbels on the snout, and long bristles like wheat awns under the gills. There are hard horn-like spines under the belly, sharp as knives. There are short bristles near the tail behind the belly, and many fine spines in the meat. It can be fried, roasted, or made into dried products. Jie Yu eats but does not drink. Additionally, Yi Wu Zhi records: In midsummer, Jie Yu swims upstream from the sea. It is over one chi long, with a belly like a knife and fine bones in the meat like bird feathers. It is said to be transformed from a certain bird, so there are still two bird kidneys inside its abdomen. This bird is white and flies in flocks. When midsummer arrives, the birds hide and the fish emerge, a transformation beyond doubt. However, current Jie Yu also naturally reproduces.
Meat
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
Su Song stated: It causes scabies; do not eat too much.
Chen Cangqi stated: It aids fire, generates phlegm, and triggers diseases.
[Therapeutic Actions] Applied topically to treat hemorrhoids (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Take field soil with several holes, burn it red-hot, soak it in vinegar, mix with wall soil to make it hot, wrap it in large paper, and apply to the affected area (Qianjin Fang).