（《别录》下品）
【释名】獐耳细辛。时珍曰∶及己名义未详。二月生苗，先开白花，后方生叶三片，状
如獐耳，根如细辛，故名獐耳细辛。
【集解】恭曰∶及己生山谷阴虚软地。其草一茎，茎头四叶，隙着白花。根似细辛而黑，
有
根
【气味】苦，平，有毒。恭曰∶入口使人吐血。
【主治】诸恶疮疥痂 蚀，及牛马诸疮（《唐本》）。头疮白秃风瘙，皮肤虫痒，可煎汁
浸并敷之（大明）。杀虫（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶今人以合疮疥膏，甚验。时珍曰∶今人不知及己，往往以当杜衡，却
以杜衡当细辛，故杜衡诸方多是及己也。辩见细辛、杜衡二条。
【附方】新一。头疮白秃∶獐耳细辛，其味香辣，为末，以槿木煎油调搽。（《活幼全
书》）
（《唐本草》）
【释名】独摇草（《唐本》）。时珍曰∶此草独茎而叶攒其端，无风自动，故曰鬼独摇草，
后人讹为鬼督邮尔。因其专主鬼病，犹司鬼之督邮也。古者传舍有督邮之官主之。徐长卿、
赤箭皆治鬼病，故并有鬼督邮之名，名同而物异。
【集解】恭曰∶鬼督邮所在有之。有必丛生，苗唯一茎，茎端生叶若伞状，根如牛膝而
细黑。今人以徐长卿代之，非也。保升曰∶茎似细箭杆，高二尺以下。叶生茎端，状如伞。
花生叶心，黄白色。根横生而无须，二月、八月采根。徐长卿、赤箭并有鬼督邮之名，而主
治不同，宜审用之。时珍曰∶鬼督邮与及己同类，根苗皆相似。但以根如细辛而色黑者，为
及己；根如细辛而色黄白者，为鬼督邮。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡采得细锉，用生甘草水煮一伏时
【气味】辛、苦，平，无毒。时珍曰∶有小毒。
【主治】鬼疰卒忤中恶，心腹邪气，百精毒，温疟疫疾，强腰脚，益膂力（《唐本》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按东晋《深师方》，治上气嗽、饮嗽、邪嗽、燥嗽、冷嗽，四满丸，
用鬼督邮同蜈蚣、芫花、踯躅诸毒药为丸，则其有毒可知矣。非毒药不能治鬼疰邪恶之病，
《唐本》云无毒，盖不然。
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】獐耳细辛。李时珍说：及己的名称由来尚不明确。二月生出苗芽，先开出白色的花，之后才长出三片叶子，形状像獐子的耳朵，根部像细辛，所以名叫獐耳细辛。
【集解】苏恭说：及己生长在山谷中阴湿柔软的土壤里。它的草只有一根茎，茎头有四片叶子，叶隙间开着白花。根部像细辛但颜色发黑，有根须。
【主治】各种恶疮、疥癣、结痂以及蚀烂之症，以及牛马身上的各种疮疡（出自《唐本草》）。治疗头部疮疡、白秃风瘙（头皮瘙痒脱屑），皮肤虫痒，可以煎煮药汁浸泡患处并外敷（出自《大明本草》）。杀虫（李时珍补充）。
【发明】陶弘景说：现在的人用它来配制治疗疮疡疥癣的药膏，非常有效。李时珍说：现在的人不知道及己，往往把它当作杜衡使用，却把真正的杜衡当作细辛使用，因此杜衡相关的方剂中大多混入了及己。辨析内容详见细辛、杜衡两条目。
【附方】新编一方。治疗头部疮疡、白秃：取獐耳细辛，其味道香辣，研成粉末，用槿木煎制的油调和后涂抹。（出自《活幼全书》）
（收录于《唐本草》）
【释名】独摇草（出自《唐本草》）。李时珍说：这种草单独一根茎，叶子聚集在顶端，没有风也会自动摇动，所以叫鬼独摇草，后人误传为鬼督邮。因为它专门主治鬼疰等病，就像掌管鬼事的督邮官一样。古代驿站设有督邮这一官职负责此事。徐长卿、赤箭也都治疗鬼疰类疾病，所以都有鬼督邮的名字，名称相同但实物不同。
【集解】苏恭说：鬼督邮各地都有出产。必定是丛生，苗只有一根茎，茎端生的叶子像伞状，根部像牛膝但更细且黑。现在的人用徐长卿代替它，这是错误的。郑保升说：茎像细箭杆，高两尺以下。叶子生在茎端，形状像伞。花从叶心中长出，呈黄白色。根部横向生长且无须，二月和八月采集根部。徐长卿、赤箭虽然都有鬼督邮的名字，但主治功效不同，使用时应当仔细辨别。李时珍说：鬼督邮与及己同类，根和苗都很相似。只是以根部像细辛且颜色发黑的，作为及己；以根部像细辛且颜色黄白的，作为鬼督邮。
【修治】 曰：凡是采得后切成细段，用生甘草水煮一个时辰（约两小时）。
【气味】味辛、苦，性平，无毒。李时珍说：有小毒。
【主治】鬼疰、卒忤、中恶（突然受邪气侵袭），心腹部的邪气，各种精怪毒素，温疟、疫病，强健腰脚，增加体力（出自《唐本草》）。
【发明】李时珍说：查阅东晋《深师方》，治疗上气咳嗽、饮水引发的咳嗽、邪气引发的咳嗽、燥咳、冷咳的“四满丸”，使用鬼督邮配合蜈蚣、芫花、踯躅等毒药制成丸剂，由此可见它是具有毒性的。不用毒药不能治疗鬼疰邪恶这类疾病，《唐本草》说它无毒，大概是不正确的。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bie Lu*)
**[Names]** Zhang'er Xixin (Asarum-like Herb). Li Shizhen stated: The etymology of the name "Ji Ji" is unclear. In February, it sprouts shoots and blooms white flowers first, followed by the emergence of three leaves shaped like roe deer ears. Its root resembles that of Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), hence the name Zhang'er Xixin.
**[Collection]** Su Gong stated: Ji Ji grows in the soft, yin-shaded soils of valleys. It has a single stem with four leaves at the apex, bearing white flowers in the leaf axils. The root resembles Xixin but is blackish and possesses rootlets.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Bitter, neutral, toxic. Su Gong stated: Ingestion causes hematemesis.
**[Indications]** Treats various malignant sores, scabies, crusts, and ulcerative lesions, as well as various sores on cattle and horses (*Tang Ben Cao*). For head sores, alopecia areata caused by wind, and pruritus due to skin parasites, decoct the juice for soaking and topical application (*Da Ming Ben Cao*). Kills parasites (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Tao Hongjing stated: People currently use it in ointments for sores and scabies, which is very effective. Li Shizhen stated: Modern people do not recognize Ji Ji and often substitute it for Duheng (Dichroa Root), while mistaking true Duheng for Xixin. Consequently, formulas intended for Duheng often contain Ji Ji. For detailed differentiation, see the entries for Xixin and Duheng.
**[Prescriptions]** New Prescription 1. For head sores and alopecia: Take Zhang'er Xixin, which has a pungent and spicy flavor, grind into powder, and mix with oil boiled from Hibiscus tiliaceus wood for external application (*Huoyou Quanshu*).
(Recorded in *Tang Bencao*)
**[Names]** Duyao Cao (Independent Swaying Grass) (*Tang Bencao*). Li Shizhen stated: This herb has a solitary stem with leaves clustered at the tip; it sways without wind, thus named Gui Duyao Cao (Ghost Independent Swaying Grass). Later generations corrupted this name to "Gui Du You" (Ghost Supervisor). Since it specifically treats diseases attributed to ghosts, it acts like a supervisor managing ghostly affairs. In ancient times, relay stations had an official titled "Du You." Xu Changqing and Chijian also treat ghost-related ailments and share the name Gui Du You, though they are distinct substances.
**[Collection]** Su Gong stated: Gui Du You is found everywhere. It typically grows in clumps with a single stem; the leaves at the stem apex are umbrella-shaped. The root resembles Achyranthes bidentata (Niuxi) but is finer and black. People currently substitute it with Xu Changqing, which is incorrect. Zheng Baosheng stated: The stem resembles a thin arrow shaft, less than two chi high. Leaves grow at the stem apex, resembling an umbrella. Flowers emerge from the center of the leaves, yellowish-white. The root grows horizontally without rootlets; harvest roots in February and August. Although Xu Changqing and Chijian share the name Gui Du You, their indications differ; careful distinction is required. Li Shizhen stated: Gui Du You is similar to Ji Ji, with comparable roots and stems. However, if the root resembles Xixin and is black, it is Ji Ji; if the root resembles Xixin and is yellowish-white, it is Gui Du You.
**[Processing]** [Name missing]: Finely chop after harvesting, and decoct in raw Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gancao) water for one shichen (two hours).
**[Flavor and Properties]** Pungent, bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Li Shizhen stated: Slightly toxic.
**[Indications]** Treats Gui Zhu (lingering pestilence), sudden invasion by evil qi, heart and abdominal pathogenic factors, various toxins, warm malaria, epidemic diseases, strengthens the waist and legs, and increases physical strength (*Tang Bencao*).
**[Elucidation]** Li Shizhen stated: According to the Eastern Jin dynasty text *Shen Shi Fang*, the pill "Si Man Wan" for treating upper qi cough, fluid-induced cough, pathogen-induced cough, dry cough, and cold cough uses Gui Du You combined with toxic herbs such as Scolopendra (Wugong), Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua), and Rhododendron molle (Zhi Zhu). This indicates its toxicity. Non-toxic herbs cannot treat diseases attributed to evil influences; therefore, the claim in *Tang Bencao* that it is non-toxic is likely incorrect.