（《本经》下品）
【释名】 （音逐汤）、当陆（《开宝》）、章柳（《图经》）、白昌（《开宝》）、马尾（《广
雅》）、夜呼（《本经》）。
时珍曰∶此物能逐荡水气，故曰 。讹为商陆，又讹为当陆，北音讹为章柳。或云枝
枝相值，叶叶相当，故曰当陆。或云多当陆路而生也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶商陆生咸阳山谷。如人形者有神。
恭曰∶此有赤白二种∶白者入药用；赤者见鬼神，甚有毒。
保升曰∶所在有之。叶大如牛舌而浓脆，赤花者，根赤；白花者，根白。二月、八月采
根，
日干。颂曰∶俗名章柳根，多生于人家园圃中。春生苗，高三、四尺，青叶如牛舌而长。茎
青赤，至柔脆。夏秋开红紫花，作朵。根如萝卜而长，八、九月采之。《尔雅》谓之 ，《广
雅
曰∶一种赤昌，苗叶绝相类，不可服之，有伤筋骨消肾之毒。惟章陆花白年多
者，仙人采之作脯，可下酒也。
时珍曰∶商陆昔人亦种之为蔬，取白根及紫色者擘破，作畦栽之，亦可种子。根、苗、
茎并可洗蒸食，或用灰汁煮过亦良，服丹砂、乳石人食之尤利。其赤与黄色者有毒，不
可食。按∶周定王《救荒本草》云∶章柳干粗似鸡冠花干，微有线楞，色微紫赤，极易生植
根
【修治】 曰∶取花白者根，铜刀刮去皮，薄切，以东流水浸两宿，漉出，架甑蒸，以
黑豆叶一重，商陆一重，如此蒸之，从午至亥，取出去豆叶，曝干锉用。无豆叶，以豆代之。
【气味】辛，平，有毒。《别录》曰∶酸。
权曰∶甘，有大毒。忌犬肉。
大明曰∶白者苦冷，得大蒜良。赤者有毒，能伏 砂、砒石、雌黄，拔锡。
恭曰∶赤者但可贴肿，服之伤人，痢血不已杀人，令人见鬼神。
张仲景曰∶商陆以水服，杀人。
杲曰∶商陆有毒，阳中之阴。其味酸辛，其形类人。其用疗水，其效如神。
【主治】水肿疝瘕痹，熨除痈肿，杀鬼精物（《本经》）。疗胸中邪气，水肿痿痹，腹满
洪直，疏五脏，散水气（《别录》）。泻十种水病。喉痹不通，薄切醋炒，涂喉外，良（甄权）。
通大小肠，泻蛊毒，堕胎， 肿毒，敷恶疮（大明）。
【发明】弘景曰∶方家不甚干用，惟疗水肿，切生根，杂生鲤鱼煮作汤服。道家乃散用
之，及煎酿服，皆能去尸虫，见鬼神。其实子亦入神药。花名 花，尤良。
颂曰∶古方术家多用之，亦可单服。五月五日采根，竹 盛，挂屋东北角阴干百日，捣
筛，井华水调服，云神仙所秘法也。
时珍曰∶商陆苦寒，沉也，降也，阴也。其性下行，专于行水，与大戟、甘遂，盖异性
而同功，胃气虚弱者不可用。方家治肿满、小便不利者，以赤根捣烂，入麝香三分，贴于脐
心，以帛束之，得小便利即肿消。又治湿水，以指画肉上，随散不成纹者。用白商陆、香附
子炒干，出火毒，以酒浸一夜，日干为末。每服二钱，米饮下。或以大蒜同商陆煮汁服亦可。
其茎叶作蔬食，亦治肿疾。
嘉谟曰∶古赞云∶其味酸辛，其形类人。疗水贴肿，其效如神。斯言尽之矣。
【附方】旧九，新六。
湿气脚软∶章柳根切小豆大，煮熟，更以绿豆同煮为饭。每日食之，以瘥为度，最效。
（《斗门方》）水气肿满∶《外台秘要》∶用白商陆根去皮，切如豆大，一大盏，以水三升，煮
一升，更以粟米一大盏，同煮成粥。每日空心服之，取微利，不得杂食。千金髓∶用白商陆
六两，取汁半合，和酒半升，看人与服。当利下水，取效。《梅师方》∶用白商陆一升，羊肉
六两。水一斗，煮取六升，去滓，和葱、豉作 食之。
腹中暴症，有物如石，痛刺啼呼，不治，百日死∶多取商陆根捣汁或蒸之，以布藉腹上，
安药，衣物覆，冷即易，昼夜勿息。（孙真人《千金方》） 癖如石，在胁下坚硬∶生商陆根
汁一升，杏仁一两（浸去皮尖，捣如泥）。以商陆汁绞杏泥，火煎如饧。每服枣许，空腹热
酒服，以利下恶物为度。（《圣惠方》）
产后腹大坚满，喘不能卧∶白圣散∶用章柳根三两，大戟一两半，甘遂（炒）一两，为
末。
每服二、三钱，热汤调下，大便宣利为度。此乃主水圣药也。（洁古《保命集》）
五尸注痛∶腹痛胀急，不得喘息，上攻心胸，旁攻两胁，痛或磊块涌起∶用商陆根熬，
以囊盛，更互熨之，取效。（《肘后方》）小儿痘毒，小儿将痘发热，失表，忽作腹痛，及膨
胀弩气，干霍乱，由毒瓦斯与胃气相搏，欲出不得出也。以商陆根和葱白捣敷脐上，斑止痘出，
方免无虞。（《摘玄方》）
喉卒攻痛∶商陆切根炙热，隔布熨之，冷即易，立愈。（《图经本草》）
瘰 喉痹攻痛∶生商陆根捣作饼，置 上，以艾炷于上灸三、四壮良。（《外台秘要》）
一切毒肿∶商陆根和盐少许，捣敷，日再易之。（孙真人《食忌》）
石痈如石，坚硬不作脓者∶生商陆根捣擦之，燥即易，取软为度。亦治湿漏诸疖。（张
文仲
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】 （音逐汤）、当陆（出自《开宝本草》）、章柳（出自《图经本草》）、白昌（出自《开宝本草》）、马尾（出自《广雅》）、夜呼（出自《本经》）。
李时珍说：这种药物能够驱逐荡涤水气，所以叫“逐”。讹传为商陆，又讹传为当陆，北方语音讹传为章柳。有人说它的枝条相互交错，叶片彼此相当，所以叫当陆。也有人说它多生长在道路旁。
【集解】《名医别录》说：商陆生长在咸阳的山谷中。长得像人形的具有神效。
苏恭说：这药有赤、白两种：白色的入药使用；红色的见鬼神，毒性很大。
郑保升说：各地都有出产。叶子大如牛舌且浓脆，开红花的，根部是红色；开白花的，根部是白色。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。
苏颂说：俗名叫章柳根，多生长在人家园圃中。春天生苗，高三四尺，青色叶子像牛舌一样长。茎呈青红色，非常柔脆。夏秋季节开红紫色花，成簇状。根像萝卜一样长，八、九月采集。《尔雅》称之为 ，《广雅》说有一种赤昌，苗叶极其相似，不可服用，有损伤筋骨、消肾的毒性。只有章陆花白色年份多的，仙人采摘做成肉脯，可以佐酒食用。
李时珍说：古人也种植商陆作为蔬菜，选取白色根及紫色的掰开，做畦栽种，也可以播种种子。根、苗、茎都可以清洗蒸食，或用灰汁煮过也很好，服用丹砂、乳石的人吃了尤其有利。那些赤色和黄色的有毒，不可食用。按：周定王《救荒本草》说：章柳干粗壮类似鸡冠花干，微有线棱，颜色微紫赤，极易生长繁殖。
【修治】 说：取花白色的根，用铜刀刮去外皮，薄切，用东流水浸泡两个晚上，捞出，架在甑上蒸，一层黑豆叶，一层商陆，这样交替蒸，从午时到亥时，取出去掉豆叶，晒干锉碎使用。没有豆叶，可以用豆子代替。
【气味】辛，平，有毒。《名医别录》说：酸。
甄权说：甘，有大毒。忌食犬肉。
孟诜说：白色的味苦性冷，配大蒜好。红色的有毒，能伏制丹砂、砒石、雌黄，拔除锡。
苏恭说：红色的只能贴敷消肿，内服伤人，导致痢血不止会杀人，让人见鬼神。
张杲说：商陆有毒，属于阳中之阴。其味酸辛，其形似人。其用途治疗水病，效果如神。
【主治】水肿、疝瘕痹痛，熨烫可消除痈肿，杀鬼精物（出自《本经》）。治疗胸中邪气，水肿痿痹，腹部胀满挺直，疏通五脏，消散水气（出自《别录》）。泻除十种水病。喉痹不通，将根薄切醋炒，涂于喉外，效果好（甄权）。通大小肠，泻蛊毒，堕胎，消肿胀毒，敷治恶疮（孟诜）。
【发明】陶弘景说：方士不太干用，只治疗水肿，切新鲜根，与生鲤鱼一起煮成汤服用。道家则散用，以及煎酿服用，都能去除尸虫，让人见鬼神。其实它的子也入神药。花名叫 花，尤其好。
苏颂说：古方术家多用此药，也可以单服。五月五日采集根，用竹筒盛装，挂在房屋东北角阴干一百天，捣筛，用井华水调服，说是神仙所秘传的方法。
李时珍说：商陆苦寒，沉降，属阴。其性下行，专门行水，与大戟、甘遂，大概是性质不同而功效相同，胃气虚弱者不可用。方士治疗肿满、小便不利者，用赤根捣烂，加入麝香三分，贴于脐心，用布束紧，得到小便通畅即消肿。又治疗湿水，用手指在肉上画，随散不成纹路的。用白商陆、香附子炒干，去火毒，用酒浸泡一夜，晒干为末。每次服二钱，米饮送下。或者用大蒜同商陆煮汁服用也可以。其茎叶作蔬菜吃，也能治疗肿疾。
嘉谟说：古赞云：其味酸辛，其形类人。疗水贴肿，其效如神。这话概括得完全了。
【附方】旧方九首，新方六首。
湿气脚软：章柳根切成小豆大小，煮熟，再用绿豆同煮为饭。每日食用，以痊愈为度，最有效。（《斗门方》）水气肿满：《外台秘要》：用白商陆根去皮，切如豆大，一大盏，用水三升，煮成一升，再加粟米一大盏，同煮成粥。每日空腹服用，取轻微腹泻，不得杂食。千金髓：用白商陆六两，取汁半合，和酒半升，视病人情况服用。应当利下水，见效。《梅师方》：用白商陆一升，羊肉六两。水一斗，煮取六升，去渣，加葱、豉做成 食之。
腹中暴症，有物如石，痛刺啼呼，不治，百日死：多取商陆根捣汁或蒸熟，用布垫在腹上，放药，衣物覆盖，冷了即换，昼夜不停。（孙真人《千金方》） 癖如石，在胁下坚硬：生商陆根汁一升，杏仁一两（浸去皮尖，捣如泥）。用商陆汁绞杏泥，火煎如饴糖。每次服枣核大，空腹热酒服，以利下恶物为度。（《圣惠方》）
产后腹大坚满，喘不能卧：白圣散：用章柳根三两，大戟一两半，甘遂（炒）一两，为末。每次服二、三钱，热汤调下，大便宣利为度。这是主水圣药。（洁古《保命集》）
五尸注痛：腹痛胀急，不得喘息，上攻心胸，旁攻两胁，痛或磊块涌起：用商陆根熬，用囊盛装，交替熨烫，见效。（《肘后方》）小儿痘毒，小儿将出痘发热，失于表散，忽作腹痛，及膨胀弩气，干霍乱，由毒瓦斯与胃气相搏，欲出不得出也。用商陆根和葱白捣敷脐上，斑止痘出，方免无虞。（《摘玄方》）
喉卒攻痛：商陆切根炙热，隔布熨之，冷即换，立愈。（《图经本草》）
瘰 喉痹攻痛：生商陆根捣作饼，置 上，以艾炷于上灸三、四壮良。（《外台秘要》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** (Pronounced "Zhu Tang"), Danglu (*Kaibao Bencao*), Zhangliu (*Tujing Bencao*), Baichang (*Kaibao Bencao*), Mawei (*Guangya*), Yehu (*Benjing*).
Li Shizhen states: This substance can purge and wash away water qi, hence it is called [Zhu]. It was mispronounced as Shanglu, then further as Danglu, and in northern dialects mispronounced as Zhangliu. Some say its branches intersect and leaves correspond to each other, thus named Danglu. Others say it grows abundantly along roads.
**[Collection & Description]** *Mingyi Bielu* states: Shanglu grows in the valleys of Xianyang. Those resembling human form possess spiritual efficacy.
Su Gong states: There are two varieties: red and white; the white variety is used medicinally; the red variety causes hallucinations of ghosts and spirits and is highly toxic.
Zheng Baosheng states: It is found everywhere. The leaves are large like ox tongues and thick yet brittle; those with red flowers have red roots; those with white flowers have white roots. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun.
Su Song states: Commonly known as Zhangliu root, it often grows in household gardens. Sprouts emerge in spring, reaching three or four chi high, with long green leaves resembling ox tongues. The stems are greenish-red and very soft and brittle. Red-purple flowers bloom in clusters during summer and autumn. The root resembles a radish but is longer, harvested in August and September. *Erya* calls it [Name], while *Guangya* mentions a type called Chichang, whose seedlings and leaves are extremely similar but cannot be consumed due to toxicity that damages sinews and bones and dissipates kidney essence. Only the white-flowered Zhanglu of many years' age, gathered by immortals and made into jerky, is suitable for accompanying wine.
Li Shizhen states: In ancient times, people also cultivated Shanglu as a vegetable. They selected white or purple roots, broke them apart, planted them in beds, or could sow seeds. The roots, seedlings, and stems can all be washed, steamed, and eaten, or boiled with ash lye, which is also good. It is particularly beneficial for those who consume cinnabar and mineral stones. The red and yellow varieties are toxic and inedible. According to Zhou Dingwang's *Jiuhuang Bencao*: Zhangliu stems are thick, resembling those of celosia, with slight ridges, slightly purple-red, and easy to propagate from roots.
**[Preparation]** [Author missing] states: Take the root of the white-flowered variety, scrape off the skin with a copper knife, slice thinly, and soak in running water from the east for two nights. Drain, place in a steamer, layer with black bean leaves and Shanglu alternately, steam from Wu hour to Hai hour, remove bean leaves, dry in the sun, and chop for use. If bean leaves are unavailable, beans may substitute.
**[Flavor & Toxicity]** Pungent, neutral, toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* adds: Sour.
Zhen Quan states: Sweet, highly toxic. Avoid dog meat.
Meng Shen states: The white variety is bitter and cold; pairing with garlic is beneficial. The red variety is toxic, capable of subduing cinnabar, arsenic, and realgar, and extracting tin.
Su Gong states: The red variety can only be applied externally to reduce swelling; internal consumption harms humans, causing persistent bloody dysentery leading to death, and inducing visions of ghosts.
Zhang Zhongjing states: Taking Shanglu with water is fatal.
Zhang Gao states: Shanglu is toxic, belonging to Yin within Yang. Its flavor is sour and pungent, its shape resembles a human. Its use treats water disorders, with effects as if divine.
**[Indications]** Edema, hernia masses, bi-syndrome; external application removes carbuncles and swellings; kills ghostly essences (*Benjing*). Treats evil qi in the chest, edema, flaccidity-bi, abdominal fullness with stiffness, unblocks the five zang organs, disperses water qi (*Mingyi Bielu*). Drains ten types of water diseases. For obstructed throat bi, slice thin, stir-fry with vinegar, and apply externally to the throat; effective (Zhen Quan). Unblocks large and small intestines, drains gu-toxin, induces abortion, reduces swelling-toxins, applies to malignant sores (Meng Shen).
**[Elucidation]** Tao Hongjing states: Physicians rarely use it dried; it is primarily used for edema by slicing fresh root and boiling with raw carp to make a decoction. Daoists use it powdered or prepared in pastes, both capable of expelling corpse-worms and revealing ghosts. Its seeds also enter spirit medicines. The flower is called [Name] flower, which is especially potent.
Su Song states: Ancient alchemists frequently used it, even singly. Harvest roots on the fifth day of the fifth month, store in bamboo tubes, hang in the northeast corner of the house to dry in shade for one hundred days, grind and sieve, mix with well-water drawn at dawn, and take; this is said to be a secret method of immortals.
Li Shizhen states: Shanglu is bitter and cold, sinking and descending, belonging to Yin. Its nature moves downward, specifically acting to move water. It shares the same efficacy but different nature with Daji and Gansui; it should not be used by those with weak stomach qi. For physicians treating distension and difficult urination, they mash red roots, add three fen of musk, apply to the umbilicus, bind tightly, and once urination becomes smooth, the swelling subsides. To treat damp-water accumulation, trace lines on the flesh; where the powder scatters without forming lines indicates the area. Use white Shanglu and Xiangfuzi stir-fried until dry, removed from fire toxicity, soaked in wine overnight, dried, and powdered. Take two qian per dose with rice drink. Alternatively, boil juice with garlic and Shanglu and take orally. The stems and leaves eaten as vegetables also treat swelling diseases.
Jiamo states: An ancient eulogy says: Its flavor is sour and pungent, its shape resembles a human. Applying to swellings to treat water disorders, its effect is miraculous. These words summarize it perfectly.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Nine old prescriptions, six new ones.
Dampness causing soft legs: Cut Zhangliu root into sizes of adzuki beans, cook thoroughly, then cook again with mung beans to make rice. Eat daily until cured; most effective. (*Doumen Fang*) Water-qi edema and fullness: *Waitai Miyao*: Take peeled white Shanglu root, cut into bean-sized pieces, one large cup, add three sheng of water, boil down to one sheng, add one large cup of millet, cook into porridge. Take on an empty stomach daily, aiming for mild purgation; avoid mixed foods. Qianjin Sui: Take six liang of white Shanglu, extract half he of juice, mix with half sheng of wine, administer according to the patient's condition. It should induce passage of water; effective. *Meishi Fang*: Take one sheng of white Shanglu and six liang of mutton. Add one dou of water, boil down to six sheng, strain, mix with scallions and fermented soybeans to make food.
Sudden abdominal mass, stone-like object, piercing pain with crying and calling, untreated leads to death in one hundred days: Take abundant Shanglu root, crush for juice or steam, place cloth on abdomen, apply medicine, cover with clothing, change when cold, do not cease day or night. (Sun Simiao, *Qianjin Fang*) Hard mass like stone under the hypochondrium: One sheng of fresh Shanglu root juice, one liang of apricot kernels (soaked, peeled, de-seeded, pounded into paste). Squeeze apricot paste with Shanglu juice, heat until syrupy. Take date-sized amount, warm wine on empty stomach, stop when foul matter is passed. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Postpartum abdominal distension and hardness, wheezing unable to lie down: Baisheng San: Three liang of Zhangliu root, one and a half liang of Daji, one liang of Gansui (stir-fried), powdered. Take two or three qian, mixed with hot water, until bowel movement is smooth. This is a holy medicine for water retention. (Jiegu, *Baoming Ji*)
Wushi Zhitong: Abdominal pain and urgency, inability to breathe, attacking heart and chest, spreading to both hypochondria, painful lumps surging up: Boil Shanglu root, place in a bag, alternate applying heat compresses until effective. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*) Pediatric pox toxin: When children have fever before pox eruption, failing to release exterior, suddenly developing abdominal pain, distension, tension, and dry huoluan, caused by toxic qi fighting with stomach qi, wanting to exit but unable: Mash Shanglu root with scallion whites, apply to umbilicus; when spots stop and pox erupts, safety is ensured. (*ZhaiXuan Fang*)
Sudden throat attack pain: Slice Shanglu root, heat by roasting, apply through cloth for compression, change when cold, immediate cure. (*Tujing Bencao*)
Scrofula and throat bi attack pain: Pound fresh Shanglu root into cakes, place on [Acupoint/Location], moxa three or four cones above it; good. (*Waitai Miyao*)
All toxic swellings: Mash Shanglu root with a little salt, apply externally, change twice daily. (Sun Simiao, *Shi Ji*)
Stone abscess like stone, hard without suppuration: Pound fresh Shanglu root and rub on area, change when dry, continue until soft. Also treats wet leaks and various boils. (Zhang Wenzhong)