（《纲目》）
【校正】并入《拾遗》草禹余粮。
【释名】土萆 （《纲目》）、刺猪苓（《图经
遗》
时珍曰∶按∶陶弘景注石部禹余粮云∶南中平泽有一种藤，叶如菝 ，根作块有节，似
菝而色赤，味如薯蓣，亦名禹余粮。言昔禹行山乏食，采此充粮而弃其余，故有此名。观
陶氏此说，即今土茯苓也。故今尚有仙遗粮、冷饭团之名，亦其遗意。陈藏器《本草》草禹
余粮，苏颂《图经》猪苓下刺猪苓，皆此物也，今皆并之。茯苓、猪苓、山地栗，皆象形也。
俗又名过冈龙，谬称也。
【集解】藏器曰∶草禹余粮生海畔山谷。根如盏连缀，半在土上，皮如茯苓，肉赤味涩。
人取以当谷食，不饥。
颂曰∶施州一种刺猪苓，蔓生。春夏采根，削皮焙干。彼土人用敷疮毒，殊效。
时珍曰∶土茯苓，楚、蜀山箐中甚多。蔓生如 ，茎有细点。其叶不对，状颇类大竹叶
而质浓滑，如瑞香叶而长五、六寸。其根状如菝 而圆，其大若鸡鸭子，连缀而生，远者离
尺许，近或数寸，其肉软，可生啖。有赤、白二种，入药用白
镫之山有草焉，名曰荣草，其叶如柳，其本如鸡卵，食之已风。
近时弘治、正德间，因杨梅疮盛行，率用轻粉药取效，毒留筋骨，溃
为要药。诸医无从考证，往往指为萆 及菝 。然其根苗迥然不同，宜参考之。但其功用亦
颇相近，盖亦萆 、菝 之类也。
根
【气味】甘、淡，平，无毒。
时珍曰∶忌茶茗。
【主治】食之当谷不饥，调中止泄，健行不睡（藏器）。
关节，止泄泻，治拘挛骨痛，恶疮痈肿。解汞粉、银朱毒（时珍）。
【发明】机曰∶近有好淫之人，多病杨梅毒疮，药用轻粉，愈而复发，久则肢体拘挛，
变为痈漏，延绵岁月，竟致废笃。惟锉土萆 三两，或加皂荚、牵牛各一钱，水六碗，煎三
碗，分三服，不数剂，多瘥。盖此疾始由毒瓦斯干于阳明而发，加以轻粉燥烈，久而水衰，肝
挟相火来凌脾土。土属湿，主肌肉，湿热郁蓄于肌腠，故发为痈肿，甚则拘挛，《内经》所
谓湿气害人皮肉筋骨是也。土萆 甘淡而平，能去脾湿，湿去则营卫从
拘挛痈漏愈矣。初病服之不效者，火盛而湿未郁也。此药长于去湿，不能去热，病久则热衰
气耗而湿郁为多故也。
时珍曰∶杨梅疮古方不载，亦无病者。近时起于岭表，传及四方。盖岭表风土卑炎，岚
瘴熏
蒸，饮啖辛热，男女淫猥。湿热之邪积蓄既深，发为毒疮，遂致互相传染，自南而北，遍及
海宇，然皆淫邪之人病之。其类有数种，治之则一也。其证多属厥阴、阳明二经，而兼乎他
经。邪之所在，则先发出，如兼少阴、太阴则发于咽喉；兼太阳、少阳则发于头耳之类。盖
相火寄于厥阴，肌肉属于阳明故也。医用轻粉、银朱劫剂，五、七日即愈。盖水银性走而不
守，加以盐、矾升为轻粉、银朱，其性燥烈，善逐痰涎。涎乃脾之液，此物入胃，气归阳明，
故涎被劫，随火上升，从喉颊齿缝而出，故疮即干痿而愈。若服之过剂，及用不得法，则毒
气窜入经络筋骨之间，莫之能出。痰涎既去，血液耗涸，筋失所养，营卫不从，变为筋骨挛
痛，发为痈毒疳漏。久则生虫为癣，手足皴裂，遂成废痼。惟土茯苓气平味甘而淡，为阳明
本药。能健脾胃，去风湿。脾胃健则营卫从
言之妙也。今医家有搜风解毒汤，治杨梅疮，不犯轻粉。病深者月余，浅者半月即愈。服轻
粉药筋骨挛痛、瘫痪不能动履者，服之亦效。其方用土茯苓一两，薏苡仁、金银花、防风、
木瓜、木通、白藓皮各五分，皂荚子四分，气虚加人参七分；血虚加当归七分。水二大碗煎
饮，一日三服。惟忌饮茶及牛、羊、鸡
【附方】新六。
杨梅毒疮∶邓笔峰《杂兴方》∶用冷饭团四两，皂角子七个。水煎代茶饮。浅者二七，
深者
四七，见效。一方∶冷饭团一两，五加皮、皂角子、苦参各三钱，金银花一钱。用好酒煎，
日一服。
发挥》）
连年累
物汤，水煎
角子七个，
瘰 溃烂∶冷饭团切片或为末，水煎服或入粥内食之。须多食为妙。江西所出色白者良。
忌铁器、发物。（《陆氏积德堂方》）
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】土萆䘏（出自《本草纲目》）、刺猪苓（出自《图经遗文》）。
李时珍说：据陶弘景在石部“禹余粮”下的注释记载：南方平原沼泽地带有一种藤蔓植物，叶子像菝葜，根部呈块状且有节，形状像菝葜但颜色发红，味道像山药，也叫做禹余粮。传说从前大禹在山中行走缺乏食物，采集这种植物充饥而剩下未吃完，所以得名。看陶氏的这个说法，就是现在的土茯苓。所以现在还有“仙遗粮”、“冷饭团”的名称，也是遗留下来的意思。陈藏器《本草》中的草禹余粮，苏颂《图经》猪苓下提到的刺猪苓，都是指这种植物，现在将它们合并在一起。茯苓、猪苓、山地栗，都是因为形状相似而得名。民间又叫做过冈龙，这是错误的称呼。
【集解】陈藏器说：草禹余粮生长在海岸边的山谷中。根部像盏一样连接在一起，一半露出土面，外皮像茯苓，肉质发红，味道涩。人们采集它当作粮食吃，可以止饥。
苏颂说：施州有一种刺猪苓，蔓生。春夏季节采收根部，削去外皮焙干。当地百姓用它敷治疮毒，效果显著。
李时珍说：土茯苓在楚地、蜀地的山林中非常多。它是蔓生植物，茎上有细点。叶子不相对生长，形状很像宽大的竹叶但质地浓滑，又像瑞香的叶子但长五、六寸。它的根状如菝葜且圆润，大小像鸡鸭的蛋，连接生长，远的距离一尺左右，近的只有几寸，肉质柔软，可以生吃。有赤、白两种，入药使用白色的根。
《山海经·镫之山》记载：镫之山上有一种草，名叫荣草，叶子像柳叶，根部像鸡蛋，吃了它可以治愈风疾。
近代弘治、正德年间，因为杨梅疮盛行，通常使用轻粉药物来取效，导致毒素留在筋骨中，溃烂成为顽固病症。各位医生无法考证其本源，往往将其误认为是萆䘏及菝葜。然而它们的根和苗完全不同，应该参考辨别。不过它们的功能也很相近，大概也是萆䘏、菝葜这一类的药物。
【气味】味甘、淡，性平，无毒。
李时珍说：服用期间忌饮茶。
【主治】食用它可以像粮食一样止饥，调理中焦并停止腹泻，使身体健行而不嗜睡（陈藏器）。治疗关节疾病，停止泄泻，治疗拘挛骨痛，恶疮痈肿。解除汞粉、银朱的毒性（李时珍）。
【发明】戴元礼说：近来有好色之人，多患杨梅毒疮，药用轻粉，虽然痊愈但会复发，时间久了肢体拘挛，变成痈漏，绵延岁月，最终导致残疾。只有锉碎土萆䘏三两，或者加上皂荚、牵牛各一钱，用水六碗，煎至三碗，分三次服用，不到几剂，大多能痊愈。这个病起初是由毒气侵犯阳明经而发作，加上轻粉燥烈，时间久了水液衰少，肝挟带相火来克制脾土。脾属湿，主肌肉，湿热郁积在肌腠，所以发为痈肿，严重时拘挛，《内经》所说的湿气伤害人的皮肉筋骨就是这种情况。土萆䘏味甘淡而性平，能去除脾湿，湿气去除则营卫调和，拘挛痈漏也就痊愈了。初病时服用无效的，是因为火盛而湿邪尚未郁结。此药擅长去湿，不能去热，病久则热衰气耗而湿郁居多，所以有效。
李时珍说：杨梅疮古方没有记载，以前也没有这种病人。近代兴起于岭表地区，流传到四方。大概因为岭表风土卑湿炎热，岚瘴熏蒸，饮食辛辣温热，男女淫乱。湿热之邪积蓄很深，发为毒疮，于是互相传染，从南向北，遍及全国，但都是淫乱之人患病。这类病有几种种，治疗方法是一样的。症状多属于厥阴、阳明二经，兼及其他经络。邪气所在之处，就先发出，如果兼及少阴、太阴就发于咽喉；兼及太阳、少阳就发于头耳之类。大概因为相火寄居于厥阴，肌肉归属于阳明。医生使用轻粉、银朱等劫剂，五、七天就能痊愈。大概因为水银性质走窜而不守，加上盐、矾升华为轻粉、银朱，性质燥烈，善于驱逐痰涎。涎是脾的液体，这种药进入胃中，气归阳明，所以涎被劫夺，随着火气上升，从喉颊齿缝而出，所以疮口干燥萎缩而愈。如果服药过量，以及使用方法不当，则毒气窜入经络筋骨之间，无法排出。痰涎既去，血液耗竭，筋脉失去滋养，营卫不和，变为筋骨挛痛，发为痈毒疳漏。时间久了生虫成癣，手足皲裂，最终成为废疾。只有土茯苓气平味甘而淡，是阳明经的本药。能健脾胃，去风湿。脾胃健运则营卫调和，（戴元礼）说得精妙啊。现在医家有搜风解毒汤，治疗杨梅疮，不使用轻粉。病深的患者一个月左右，病浅的患者半个月即可痊愈。服用轻粉药物导致筋骨挛痛、瘫痪不能行动的人，服用此方也有效。此方用土茯苓一两，薏苡仁、金银花、防风、木瓜、木通、白鲜皮各五分，皂荚子四分，气虚加人参七分；血虚加当归七分。用水两大碗煎服，一日三次。只忌饮茶及牛、羊、鸡肉。
【附方】新方六首。
杨梅毒疮：邓笔峰《杂兴方》：用冷饭团四两，皂角子七个。水煎代茶饮。病浅者十四天见效，病深者二十八天见效。另一方：冷饭团一两，五加皮、皂角子、苦参各三钱，金银花一钱。用好酒煎服，每日一服。
瘰疬溃烂：冷饭团切片或研为粉末，水煎服或加入粥内食用。多吃为好。江西产出的色白者品质优良。忌用铁器及发物。（《陆氏积德堂方》）
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Correction] Tu Fuling is merged into the "Grass Yuyuliang" (Herbal Yu Yuliang) section of the *Shiyi* (Supplement to Materia Medica).
[Names] Tubi Xie (from *Bencao Gangmu*), Ci Zhuling (from *Tujing Yiwen*).
Li Shizhen states: According to Tao Hongjing's annotation on "Yuyuliang" in the Stone category: In the southern plains and marshes, there is a vine with leaves resembling those of Smilax (Baqia), and roots that are tuberous and jointed, similar to Smilax but reddish in color, with a taste like Dioscorea (Shanyao), also named Yuyuliang. It is said that when Yu the Great traveled through mountains and lacked food, he gathered this plant to sustain himself, leaving the remainder, hence the name. Observing Tao's description, this is indeed the current Tu Fuling. Therefore, it still retains the names "Xian Yiliang" (Immortal's Leftover Grain) and "Lengfantuan" (Cold Rice Ball), which are remnants of its history. Chen Cangqi's *Materia Medica* mentions "Caoyuyuliang", and Su Song's *Illustrated Classic* mentions "Ci Zhuling" under Zhuling; both refer to this substance, so they are now combined. Fuling, Zhuling, and Shandili all derive their names from their shapes. The common folk also call it "Guoganglong", which is an incorrect term.
[Collection] Chen Cangqi says: Caoyuyuliang grows in valleys near the sea coast. Its roots are cup-shaped and connected, half exposed above the ground, with skin resembling Fuling, red flesh, and an astringent taste. People harvest it as a staple food to stave off hunger.
Su Song says: In Shizhou, there is a variety called Ci Zhuling, which grows as a vine. The roots are harvested in spring and summer, peeled, and dried by roasting. Local people use it to apply to sores and toxins with remarkable effect.
Li Shizhen says: Tu Fuling is abundant in the mountain forests of Chu and Shu regions. It is a climbing vine with fine spots on the stems. The leaves do not grow opposite each other; they resemble broad bamboo leaves but are thicker and smoother, or like Daphne leaves but five to six inches long. The roots resemble Smilax but are round, about the size of a chicken or duck egg, growing in clusters. They may be separated by up to a chi or as close as a few cun. The flesh is soft and can be eaten raw. There are red and white varieties; the white root is used for medicinal purposes.
The *Classic of Mountains and Seas* records regarding Dengzhi Mountain: "There is a grass on Dengzhi Mountain named Rongcao. Its leaves resemble willow, and its root resembles a chicken egg. Eating it cures wind diseases."
In recent times, during the Hongzhi and Zhengde reigns, due to the prevalence of Yangmeichuang (Syphilis/Kaposi-like disease), doctors typically used Qingfen (Calomel) to achieve quick results, causing toxins to remain in the sinews and bones, leading to ulceration and chronic conditions. Physicians could not verify its origin, often mistaking it for Bibi and Baqia. However, their roots and shoots are distinctly different, requiring careful distinction. Their functions are quite similar, likely belonging to the same category as Bibi and Baqia.
[Aroma and Flavor] Sweet, bland, neutral, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen says: Tea should be avoided during consumption.
[Indications] Eating it serves as a food substitute to stop hunger, regulates the middle jiao and stops diarrhea, promotes vigorous movement without drowsiness (Chen Cangqi). Treats joint disorders, stops diarrhea, manages spasms and bone pain, malignant sores, and carbuncles. Resolves the toxicity of mercury powder and vermilion (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Dai Yuanli says: Recently, individuals indulging in lust have frequently suffered from Yangmeidu Chuang (Venereal Sores). Medications using Qingfen provide temporary relief followed by recurrence. Over time, limbs become spasmodic, developing into chronic ulcers, lasting for years and resulting in disability. Only by chopping three liang of Tubibi Xie, or adding one qian of Gleditsia sinensis (Zaojiao) and Morning Glory seed (Qianniu), boiling in six bowls of water until reduced to three bowls, and dividing into three doses, can most cases be cured within a few administrations. This disease initially arises from toxic qi invading the Yangming meridian. Combined with the drying and acrid nature of Qingfen, yin fluids deplete over time, allowing Liver fire to attack Spleen earth. Since Spleen governs dampness and muscles, damp-heat stagnates in the muscle layers, causing swelling and severe spasms, as described in the *Neijing*: "Dampness harms the skin, flesh, sinews, and bones." Tubibi Xie is sweet, bland, and neutral, capable of removing Spleen dampness. Once dampness is cleared, Ying and Wei qi harmonize, and spasms and ulcers heal. If ineffective in early stages, it is because fire is excessive and dampness has not yet stagnated. This drug excels at removing dampness but not heat. In chronic cases, heat declines and qi consumes, making damp stagnation predominant, hence its efficacy.
Li Shizhen says: Yangmeichuang is not recorded in ancient formulas, nor did such patients exist in the past. It recently originated in Lingbiao (Southern China) and spread nationwide. This is likely due to the low, hot climate, miasma, spicy and hot diet, and sexual impropriety in that region. Deep accumulation of damp-heat pathogens manifests as toxic sores, leading to contagion spreading from south to north, affecting only those engaging in illicit sexual behavior. Although there are several types, the treatment principle is unified. Symptoms mostly involve the Jueyin and Yangming meridians, sometimes involving others. Pathogens manifest where they reside; if involving Shaoyin and Taiyin, sores appear in the throat; if involving Taiyang and Shaoyang, they appear on the head and ears. This is because Ministerial Fire resides in Jueyin, and muscles belong to Yangming. Doctors use Qingfen and Zhenzhu (Vermilion) as drastic agents, curing sores in five to seven days. Mercury moves freely; when sublimated with salt and alum into Qingfen and Zhenzhu, it becomes dry and acrid, effectively expelling phlegm-saliva. Saliva is the fluid of the Spleen. Upon entering the stomach, its qi directs to Yangming, forcing saliva out through the throat, cheeks, and teeth gaps, causing sores to dry and heal. However, overdose or improper use causes toxic qi to penetrate sinews and bones, becoming trapped. With phlegm-saliva gone and blood depleted, sinews lose nourishment, Ying and Wei disharmony occurs, leading to painful spasms, toxic sores, and chancre ulcers. Long-term effects include parasites, tinea, cracked hands and feet, and permanent disability. Only Tu Fuling, with neutral qi and sweet-bland flavor, is the primary herb for the Yangming meridian. It strengthens the Spleen and Stomach and removes wind-damp. When Spleen and Stomach are robust, Ying and Wei harmonize. Dai's words are profound. Currently, physicians use "Sofeng Jiedu Tang" (Wind-Searching and Toxin-Resolving Decoction) to treat Yangmeichuang without Qingfen. Severe cases resolve in over a month, mild cases in half a month. It is also effective for paralysis and spasms caused by Qingfen. The formula uses one liang of Tu Fuling, five fen each of Coix Seed (Yiyiren), Honeysuckle (Jinyinhua), Saposhnikovia (Fangfeng), Quince (Mugua), Akebia (Mutong), and Dictamnus (Baixianpi), four fen of Gleditsia seeds (Zaojiaozi). Add seven fen of Ginseng (Renshen) for Qi deficiency, or seven fen of Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) for Blood deficiency. Boil in two large bowls of water, drink three times daily. Avoid tea, beef, mutton, and chicken.
[Attached Formulas] Six new formulas.
Yangmei Du Chuang (Venereal Sores): Deng Bifeng's *Zaxing Fang*: Use four liang of Lengfantuan (Tu Fuling rhizome) and seven Gleditsia seeds (Zaojiaozi). Decoct in water and drink as tea. Mild cases show results in 14 days, severe cases in 28 days. Another prescription: One liang of Lengfantuan, three qian each of Acanthopanacis Senticosi Cortex (Wujiapi), Gleditsia seeds (Zaojiaozi), and Sophora Flavescens (Kushen), one qian of Honeysuckle (Jinyinhua). Decoct with good wine, take once daily.
Luoli Kuilan (Ulcerated Scrofula): Slice or powder Lengfantuan, decoct in water or add to porridge. Consuming large amounts is beneficial. White ones from Jiangxi are superior. Avoid ironware and stimulating foods. (*Lu Shi Jide Tang Fang*)