（《本经》中品）
【释名】蜀酸枣（《本经》）、肉枣（《纲目》）
矢（《吴普》）。
宗 曰∶山茱萸与吴茱萸甚不相类，治疗大不同，未审何缘命此名也？
时珍曰∶《本经》一名蜀酸枣，今人呼为肉枣，皆象形也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶山茱萸生汉中山谷及琅琊、冤句、东海、承
阴干。
颂曰∶叶如梅，有刺毛。二月开花如杏。四月实如酸枣，赤色。五月采实。
弘景曰∶出近道诸山中大树。子初熟未干，赤色，如胡颓子，亦可啖；既干，皮甚薄，
当合核用也。
颂曰∶今海州、兖州亦有之。木高丈余，叶似榆，花白色。雷 《炮炙论》言一种雀儿
苏，真相似，只是核八棱，不入药用。
实
【修治】 曰∶凡使以酒润，去核取皮，一斤只取四两以来，缓火熬干方用。能壮元气，
秘精。其核能滑精，不可服。
【气味】酸，平，无毒。《别录》曰∶微温。
普曰∶神农、黄帝、雷公、扁鹊∶酸，无毒；岐伯∶辛。
权曰∶咸、辛，大热。
好古曰∶阳中之阴。入足厥阴、少阴经气分。
之才曰∶蓼实为之使。恶桔梗、防风、防己。
【主治】心下邪气寒热，温中，逐寒湿痹，去三虫。久服轻身（《
寒热疝瘕，头风风气去来，鼻塞目黄，耳聋面 ，下气出汗，强阴益精，安五脏，通九窍，
止小便利。久服，明目强力长年（《别录》）。治脑骨痛，疗耳
，添精髓，止老人尿不节，治面上疮，能发汗，止月水不定（甄权）。
暖腰膝，助水脏，除一切风，逐一切气，破症结，治酒渣（大明）。温肝（元素）。
【发明】好古曰∶滑则气脱，涩剂所以收之。山茱萸止小便利，秘精气，取其味酸涩以
收滑也。仲景八味丸用之为君，其性味可知矣。
【附方】新一。
草还丹∶益元阳，补元气，固元精，壮元神，乃延年续嗣之至药也。山茱萸（酒浸，取
肉）一斤，破故纸（酒浸，焙干）半斤，当归四两，麝香一钱，为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每
服八十一丸，临卧盐酒下。（吴 《扶寿方》）
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】蜀酸枣（出自《神农本草经》）、肉枣（出自《本草纲目》）、矢（出自《吴普本草》）。
雷宗说：山茱萸与吴茱萸非常不相似，治疗作用也截然不同，不知道是什么原因给起了这个名字？
李时珍说：《神农本草经》称它一名为蜀酸枣，现在人叫它肉枣，都是根据它的形状来命名的。
【集解】《名医别录》说：山茱萸生长在汉中的山谷以及琅琊、冤句、东海、承阴等地。（需）阴干。
苏颂说：叶子像梅树叶子，有刺毛。二月开花，样子像杏花。四月果实成熟，像酸枣一样，呈赤色。五月采集果实。
陶弘景说：出产于近处各座大山中的大树。果实刚熟尚未干燥时，呈赤色，像胡颓子，也可以食用；干燥后，果皮很薄，应当连同果核一起使用。
苏颂说：现在海州、兖州也有生长。树木高一丈多，叶子像榆树叶，花是白色的。雷斅的《雷公炮炙论》中提到一种叫“雀儿酥”的植物，真得很相似，只是它的果核有八条棱，不能入药。
【修治】雷斅说：凡是使用山茱萸，要用酒润湿，去掉果核取果肉，一斤果肉只能取出四两以上，用慢火熬干才可使用。它能壮元气，固涩精气。它的果核能导致滑精，不可服用。
【气味】味酸，性平，无毒。《名医别录》说：性微温。
吴普说：神农、黄帝、雷公、扁鹊认为：味酸，无毒；岐伯认为：味辛。
李权说：味咸、辛，性大热。
【主治】治疗心下邪气引起的寒热，温中焦，驱逐寒湿痹痛，去除三虫。长期服用能使身体轻健（出自《神农本草经》）。
治疗寒热疝瘕，头风风气往来不定，鼻塞，眼睛发黄，耳聋，面色晦暗，降气止汗，强壮阴精，安养五脏，通利九窍，减少小便频数。长期服用，能明目、增强体力、延年益寿（出自《名医别录》）。
治疗脑骨痛，治疗耳部疾病，填补精髓，停止老人小便失禁，治疗面部疮疡，能发汗，调节月经不调（出自甄权）。
温暖腰膝，辅助肾脏功能，祛除一切风邪，驱逐一切气滞，破除症结，治疗酒渣鼻（出自孟诜/大明）。温补肝脏（出自张元素）。
【发明】李好古说：滑泄则会导致气脱，涩剂是用来收敛的。山茱萸能止小便频数，固秘精气，就是利用它味酸涩的性质来收敛滑脱。张仲景的八味丸用它作为君药，它的性味就可以知道了。
【附方】新方一则。
草还丹：补益元阳，补充元气，固摄元精，强壮元神，是延年益寿、延续子嗣的极佳药物。山茱萸（用酒浸泡，取果肉）一斤，破故纸（即补骨脂，用酒浸泡，焙干）半斤，当归四两，麝香一钱，研成细末，用炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用八十一丸，临睡前用盐酒送服。（出自吴直方的《扶寿精方》）
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica])
**Names:** Shu Suan Zao (Shu Sour Jujube) (*Bencao Jing*), Rou Zao (Meat Jujube) (*Ben Gang Mu*), Shi (*Wu Pu*).
Lei Zong stated: *Corni Fructus* (Mountain Dogwood Fruit) is very dissimilar to *Eucommiae Cortex* (Eucommia Bark, often referred to as Wu Zhu Yu in certain contexts or confused with it), and their therapeutic applications are significantly different. It is unclear why they share such similar names?
Li Shizhen stated: *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists one of its names as Shu Suan Zao. People today call it Rou Zao. Both names are derived from its shape.
**Collection and Description:** *Mingyi Bie Lu* (Additional Records of Famous Physicians) states: *Corni Fructus* grows in the valleys of Hanzhong, as well as in Langya, Yuanju, Donghai, and Chengyin. It should be dried in the shade.
Su Song stated: The leaves resemble those of the plum tree and have prickly hairs. It flowers in the second lunar month, resembling apricot blossoms. The fruit matures in the fourth lunar month, looking like sour jujubes and appearing red. The fruits are harvested in the fifth lunar month.
Tao Hongjing stated: It grows on large trees in mountains near inhabited areas. When the fruits are freshly ripe but not yet dry, they are red, resembling *Paliurus hemsleyanus* (Chinese Honeythorn), and are edible. Once dried, the skin becomes very thin; they should be used with the seed/core included.
Su Song stated: It is now also found in Haizhou and Yanzhou. The tree grows over one zhang (approx. 3.3 meters) high. The leaves resemble elm leaves, and the flowers are white. Lei Xiao’s *Leigong Paozhi Lun* mentions a plant called "Que'er Su" which looks very similar, but its fruit core has eight ridges and is not suitable for medicinal use.
**Processing:** Lei Xiao stated: When using *Corni Fructus*, moisten it with wine, remove the core, and take only the flesh. From one jin (approx. 500g) of fresh fruit, only about four liang (approx. 200g) of flesh can be obtained. It must be slowly boiled until dry before use. It strengthens Yuan Qi (Primal Energy) and secures Essence (Jing). The core causes seminal emission and should not be taken.
**Flavor and Properties:** Sour, neutral, non-toxic. *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: slightly warm.
Wu Pu stated: Shennong, Huangdi, Leigong, and Bian Que considered it sour and non-toxic; Qibo considered it pungent.
Li Quan stated: Salty, pungent, greatly hot.
Li Haogu stated: It belongs to Yin within Yang. It enters the Qi aspect of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian and the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
Xu Zhicai stated: *Polygonum multiflorum* fruit acts as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with Platycodon Root, Saposhnikovia Root, and Stephania Root.
**Indications:** Treats cold-heat sensations caused by pathogenic qi under the heart; warms the middle jiao; expels cold-dampness bi-syndrome; eliminates three types of parasites. Long-term consumption lightens the body (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Treats cold-heat hernia masses, migratory wind-cold headache, nasal congestion, yellow eyes, deafness, dull complexion; directs qi downward and stops sweating; strengthens Yin and benefits Essence; calms the five zang organs; unblocks the nine orifices; reduces frequent urination. Long-term consumption brightens the eyes, enhances strength, and prolongs life (*Mingyi Bie Lu*).
Treats pain in the brain and skull; treats ear disorders; replenishes marrow and essence; stops involuntary urination in the elderly; treats facial sores; induces sweating; regulates irregular menstruation (Zhen Quan).
Warms the waist and knees; assists the Water Organ (Kidneys); dispels all wind; expels all stagnant qi; breaks up mass formations; treats rhinophyma (Daming). Warms the Liver (Zhang Yuansu).
**Elucidation:** Li Haogu stated: Slipperiness leads to Qi collapse; astringents are used to consolidate it. *Corni Fructus* stops frequent urination and secures Essence and Jing because of its sour and astringent flavor, which consolidates slipperiness. Zhang Zhongjing uses it as the Sovereign herb in Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia); its nature and flavor can thus be understood.
**Attached Prescriptions:** One new prescription.
Caohuan Dan (Grass Returning Pill): Benefits Yuan Yang (Primal Yang), supplements Yuan Qi, consolidates Yuan Jing, and strengthens Yuan Shen (Primal Spirit). It is an excellent medicine for longevity and continuing the lineage. *Corni Fructus* (soaked in wine, flesh taken) one jin, Po Gu Zhi (Bone Setter/Burkholderia Seed, soaked in wine and baked dry) half a jin, Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis Root) four liang, She Xiang (Musk) one qian. Grind into powder, make pills with refined honey the size of paulownia seeds. Take 81 pills each time, swallowed with salted wine before bedtime. (From Wu Zhifang's *Fushou Fang*)