（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶朗榆生山中，状如榆，其皮有滑汁，秋生荚，如
时珍曰∶大榆，二月生荚，朗榆八月生荚，可分别。
皮
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】下热淋，利水道，令人睡（藏器）。治小儿解颅
（《本经》中品）
【释名】 荑（《尔雅》）、无姑（《本经》、 （音殿唐），木名 （音偏）。
时珍曰∶按∶《说文》云∶ ，山 榆也。有刺，实为芜荑。《尔雅》云∶无姑，其实荑。
又云∶ 荑，
恭曰∶ 乃 二字之误。
【集解】《别录》曰∶芜荑生晋山川谷。三月采实，阴干。
弘景曰∶今惟出高丽，状如榆荚，气臭如 ，彼人皆以作酱食之。性杀虫，置物中亦辟
蛀，但患其臭。
恭曰∶今延州、同州者甚好。
志曰∶河东、河西处处有之。
颂曰∶近道亦有之，以太原者良。大抵榆类而差小，其实亦早成，比榆乃大，气臭。郭
璞《尔雅注》云∶无姑，姑榆也。生山中，叶圆而浓，剥取皮合渍之，其味辛香，所谓芜荑
也。采实阴干用。今人又多取作屑，以 五味，惟陈者良。人收藏之多以盐渍，则失气味，
但宜食品，不堪入药。 曰∶按∶《广州记》云∶生大秦国，是波斯芜荑也。
气膻者良，乃山榆仁也。
辛。人多以外物相和
【气味】辛，平，无毒。
权曰∶苦，平。
曰∶辛，温。
诜曰∶作酱甚香美，功尤胜于榆仁。可少食之，过多发热，为辛故也。秋月食之，尤宜
人。
【主治】五内邪气，散皮肤骨节中淫淫温行毒，去三虫，化食（《本经》）。逐寸白，散
肠中 喘息（《别录》）。主积冷气，心腹症痛，除肌肤节中风淫淫如虫行（《甄权》）。五
脏皮
（大
明）
热疮。和蜜，治湿癣。和沙牛酪或马酪，治一切疮（孟诜）。
【附方】旧三，新七。
脾胃有虫，食即作痛，面黄无色∶以石州芜荑仁二两，和面炒黄色为末。非时米饮服二
钱匕。（《千金方》）
制杀诸虫∶生芜荑、生槟榔各四两，为末，蒸饼丸梧子大。每服二十丸，白汤下。（《本
事方》。
疳热有虫，瘦悴，久服充肥∶用榆仁一两，黄连一两，为末，猪胆汁七枚和，入碗内，
饭上蒸之，一日蒸一次，九蒸乃入麝香半钱，汤浸蒸饼和，丸绿豆大。每服五、七丸至一、
二十丸，米饮下。（钱氏《小儿直诀》）。
荑、干漆（烧存性）等分，为末。米饮调服一字至一钱。（杜壬方）。
捣
烂，纸压去油，为末，以雄猪胆汁丸梧桐子大。每服九丸，甘草汤下，日五服。三日断根。
（《普济方》）。
陈米饮下三十丸。久服，去三尸，益神驻颜。此方得之章镣，曾用得力。（王绍颜《续
方》）。
并下气佳。（《外台秘要》）。
麦（炒）、黄连（炒）各一钱，为末，猪胆汁打糊丸黍米大。每
能去
心窍恶血。（《全幼心鉴》）。
腹中鳖瘕∶平时嗜酒，血入于酒则为酒鳖；平时多气，血凝于气则为气鳖；虚劳痼冷，败血
杂痰，则为血鳖。摇头掉尾，如虫之行，上侵人咽，下蚀人肛，或附胁背，或隐胸腹，大则
如鳖，小或如钱。治法惟用芜荑（炒）煎服之，兼用暖胃益血理中之类，乃可杀之。若徒事
雷丸、锡灰之类，无益也。（《仁斋直指方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】
陈藏器说：朗榆生长在山中，形状像榆树，它的树皮含有滑腻的汁液，秋天结荚果。
李时珍说：大榆在二月结荚，朗榆在八月结荚，可以据此区分。
【主治】
治疗热淋（小便涩痛），通利水道，使人安睡（陈藏器）。治疗小儿囟门迟闭（解颅）。
（出自《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】
荑（出自《尔雅》）、无姑（出自《本经》）。（“荑”音diàn táng，是一种木名；“无姑”音piān。）
李时珍说：查考《说文解字》记载：“䕫”，是山榆。有刺，果实就是芜荑。《尔雅》记载：“无姑”，它的果实叫荑。又记载：“䕫荑”。
苏恭说：“䕫”乃是“䕫”和“荑”两个字的误写。
【集解】
《名医别录》说：芜荑生长在晋地的山川河谷。三月采集果实，阴干备用。
陶弘景说：现在只出产于高丽，形状像榆荚，气味臭如腐肉，那里的人把它用来做酱食用。性质能杀虫，放在物品中能防止蛀虫，只是担心它的气味难闻。
苏恭说：现在的延州、同州的芜荑很好。
苏颂说：河东、河西到处都有。
苏颂又说：邻近道路也有，以太原产的最好。大致属于榆树类但稍小，果实也成熟较早，比榆树果实大，气味臭。郭璞在《尔雅注》中说：无姑，就是姑榆。生长在山中，叶子圆而浓密，剥取树皮浸泡后，味道辛香，这就是所谓的芜荑。采集果实阴干使用。现在人们又多将其制成粉末，用来调和五味，只有陈年的才好。人们收藏它多用盐渍，这样就失去了气味，只适合做食品，不适合入药。李珣说：查考《广州记》记载：生在大秦国，是波斯芜荑。气味膻腥的好，这是山榆仁。
辛味。人们常以外物混合。
【气味】
味辛，性平，无毒。
李权说：味苦，性平。
李当之说：味辛，性温。
孟诜说：做成酱非常香美，功效尤其胜过榆仁。可以少量食用，吃多了会发热，因为它是辛味的缘故。秋天食用，尤其适宜人。
【主治】
祛除五脏邪气，消散皮肤骨节中隐隐流动的毒邪，去除三虫（蛔虫、蛲虫、姜片虫等），消食化积（《本经》）。驱除寸白虫（绦虫），消散肠中喘息（《别录》）。主治积冷气，心腹症瘕疼痛，消除肌肤关节中感觉如虫爬行的风邪（甄权）。五脏皮热疮。与蜂蜜调和，治疗湿癣。与沙牛酪或马酪调和，治疗各种疮疡（孟诜）。
【附方】
旧方三个，新方七个。
脾胃有虫，进食即作痛，面色黄而无光泽：用石州产的芜荑仁二两，与面粉一起炒至黄色，研为末。非正餐时间用米汤送服二钱匕。（出自《千金方》）
杀灭各种寄生虫：生芜荑、生槟榔各四两，研为末，用蒸饼和丸，如梧桐子大。每次服用二十丸，白开水送下。（出自《本事方》）
疳积发热有虫，身体消瘦憔悴，久服可增肥：用榆仁一两，黄连一两，研为末，用七个猪胆汁调和，放入碗中，在饭上蒸制，一天蒸一次，蒸九次后加入麝香半钱，用水浸湿的蒸饼调和，制成绿豆大的丸药。每次服用五、七丸到一、二十丸，米汤送下。（出自钱乙《小儿直诀》）
芜荑、干漆（烧存性）等分，研为末。米汤调服一字至一钱。（杜壬方）
捣烂，用纸压去油，研为末，用雄猪胆汁制成梧桐子大的丸药。每次服用九丸，甘草汤送下，每日五次。三天断根。（出自《普济方》）
陈米饮送下三十丸。久服，可去三尸神，益神驻颜。此方得自章镣，曾用有效。（王绍颜《续方》）
麦（炒）、黄连（炒）各一钱，研为末，猪胆汁打糊制成黍米大的丸药。每……能去心窍恶血。（出自《全幼心鉴》）
腹中鳖瘕：平时嗜酒，血液进入酒中则形成酒鳖；平时多气，血液凝结于气中则形成气鳖；虚劳痼冷，败血夹杂痰浊，则形成血鳖。摇头摆尾，像虫子一样爬行，上侵咽喉，下蚀肛门，或附着胁背，或隐于胸腹，大的像鳖，小的像铜钱。治疗方法只用芜荑（炒）煎服，兼用暖胃益血理中之类的药物，才能杀死它。如果只使用雷丸、锡灰之类，没有益处。（出自《仁斋直指方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Collected Explanations]
Chen Cangqi stated: Langyu (Ulmus pumila var. langyu) grows in mountains, resembling the elm tree. Its bark contains a slippery juice, and it produces pods in autumn.
Li Shizhen stated: The large elm produces pods in February, whereas Langyu produces them in August; they can be distinguished by this difference.
[Properties and Flavors]
Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Treats heat strangury (painful and difficult urination), promotes diuresis, and induces sleep (Chen Cangqi). Treats delayed closure of the fontanelle in children (Jielu).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Middle Grade)
[Names]
Ti (from *Erya*), Wugu (from *Bencao Jing*). ("Ti" is pronounced diàn táng, referring to a tree name; "Wugu" is pronounced piān.)
Li Shizhen stated: According to *Shuowen Jiezi*: "Kui" refers to mountain elm. It has thorns, and its fruit is Wuyi (*Celtis sinensis*). *Erya* states: "Wugu," its fruit is called Ti. It also states: "Kui Ti."
Su Gong stated: "Kui" is a textual error for the characters "Kui" and "Ti".
[Collected Explanations]
*Mingyi Bielu* stated: Wuyi grows in the rivers and valleys of Jin region. The fruits are harvested in March and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, it is only produced in Goryeo. It resembles elm pods, has an odor like rotting meat, and locals use it to make sauce. Its nature is insecticidal; placing it among items repels moths and worms, but its odor is unpleasant.
Su Gong stated: Those from Yanzhou and Tongzhou are currently very good.
Su Song stated: They are found everywhere in Hedong and Hexi. Su Song further stated: They are also available in nearby regions, with those from Taiyuan being superior. Generally, they belong to the elm family but are smaller. Their fruits mature earlier than elms, are larger than elm seeds, and have an offensive odor. Guo Pu's commentary on *Erya* states: "Wugu" is Guyu. It grows in mountains, has round and dense leaves. When the bark is peeled and soaked, it becomes pungent and fragrant, which is what is referred to as Wuyi. The fruits are harvested and dried in the shade for use. Nowadays, people often grind them into powder to flavor food; only aged ones are good. People preserve them by pickling in salt, which causes loss of aroma; thus, they are suitable only for food, not for medicinal use. Li Xun stated: According to *Guangzhou Ji*, it grows in Daqin (Persia/Rome); this is Persian Wuyi. Those with a musky odor are good; these are the kernels of mountain elm. Pungent. People often mix them with other substances.
[Properties and Flavors]
Pungent, neutral, non-toxic.
Li Quan stated: Bitter, neutral.
Li Dangzhi stated: Pungent, warm.
Meng Shen stated: Made into sauce, it is extremely fragrant and delicious, surpassing elm kernels in efficacy. It can be consumed in small amounts; excessive consumption causes heat due to its pungency. Consuming it in autumn is particularly beneficial.
[Therapeutic Actions]
Disperses evil qi in the five zang organs, dissipates toxic pathogens flowing subtly within the skin and bone joints, eliminates three types of parasites (roundworms, pinworms, tapeworms), and transforms food stagnation (*Bencao Jing*). Drives out *Taenia saginata* (tapeworm) and disperses intestinal wheezing (*Mingyi Bielu*). Primarily treats accumulated cold qi, abdominal masses and pain, and removes wind pathogens causing sensations like insects crawling on the skin and joints (Zhen Quan). Treats hot sores on the skin of the five zang organs. Mixed with honey, it treats damp tinea. Mixed with buffalo or horse milk/curd, it treats all types of sores (Meng Shen).
[Attached Prescriptions]
Three old prescriptions, seven new prescriptions.
For stomach and spleen parasites causing pain upon eating, with sallow complexion lacking luster: Use two liang of Wuyi kernels from Shizhou, stir-fry with flour until yellow, grind into powder. Take two qianbi with rice water at non-meal times. (*Qianjin Fang*)
To kill various parasites: Raw Wuyi and raw Areca Seed (Binglang) each four liang, grind into powder, form pills with steamed dough the size of sophora seeds. Take twenty pills per dose with plain boiled water. (*Baoshi Fang*)
For infantile malnutrition with heat and parasites, emaciation, where long-term use increases weight: Use one liang of elm kernel and one liang of Coptis Rhizoma (Huanglian), grind into powder. Mix with seven pig bile vesicles. Place in a bowl and steam over rice once a day for nine days. Then add half a qian of Moschus (Shexiang), mix with dough moistened with water, and form pills the size of mung beans. Take five to seven pills up to ten to twenty pills per dose with rice water. (Qian Yi's *Xiao'er Zhijue*)
Wuyi and Dried Resina Taxilli (Ganxi) (charred to retain properties) in equal parts, grind into powder. Take one zi to one qian mixed with rice water. (Du Ren's Prescription)
[Paste] Crushed and pressed through paper to remove oil, ground into powder. Form pills the size of sophora seeds using male pig bile. Take nine pills per dose with licorice decoction, five times daily. Roots eliminated in three days. (*Puji Fang*)
Take thirty pills with aged rice water. Long-term use eliminates the Three Corpses (parasitic spirits), benefits the spirit, and preserves youth. This prescription was obtained from Zhang Liao and proved effective. (Wang Shaoyan's *Xu Fang*)
Also effectively directs qi downward. (*Waitai Miyao*)
[Fried Wheat] (fried), [Fried Coptis Rhizoma] (fried) each one qian, grind into powder, make paste with pig bile to form pills the size of millet grains. Each... can remove evil blood from the heart orifices. (*Quanyou Xinjian*)
Abdominal biema mass: Frequent alcohol consumption causes blood to enter the wine, forming "wine biema"; excessive qi causes blood to coagulate with qi, forming "qi biema"; deficiency labor and chronic cold cause failed blood mixed with phlegm, forming "blood biema". These masses shake their heads and tails, moving like insects, invading the throat upwards, eroding the anus downwards, attaching to the flanks and back, or hiding in the chest and abdomen. Large ones resemble turtles, small ones resemble coins. The treatment method is to decoct fried Wuyi for oral administration, combined with formulas that warm the stomach, benefit blood, and regulate the middle jiao, to eliminate them. Using only Marasmi Fungus (Leiyuan) or tin ash is of no benefit. (*Ren Zhi Zhizhi Fang*)