（《拾遗》）
【释名】未详。
【集解】藏器曰∶木威生岭南山谷。树高丈余，叶似楝叶。子如橄榄而坚，亦似枣，削
去皮可为粽食。
时珍曰∶木威子，橄榄之类也。陈氏说出顾微《广州记》中。而梁元帝《金楼子》云∶
橄榄树之南向者为橄榄，东向者为木威。此亦传闻谬说也。
实
【气味】酸、辛，无毒。时珍曰∶按《广州记》云∶苦，涩。
【主治】心中恶水，水气（藏器）。
（《唐本》）
【校正】自木部移入此。
【释名】余甘子（《唐本》）、庵摩落迦果。
藏器曰∶《梵书》名庵摩勒，又名摩勒落迦果。其味初食苦涩，良久更甘，故曰余甘。
【集解】恭曰∶庵摩勒生岭南交、广、爱等州。树叶细似合昏。其花黄。实似李、柰，
青黄色，核圆有棱，或六或七，其中仁亦入药用。
曰∶生西国者，大小如枳橘子状。
颂曰∶余甘子，今二广诸郡及西川、戎、泸、蛮界山谷皆有之。木高一、二丈，枝条甚
软。叶青细密，朝开暮敛如夜合，而叶微小，春生冬凋。三月有花，着条而生，如粟粒，微
黄。随即结实作莛，每条三、两子，至冬而熟，如李子状，青白色，连核作五、六瓣，干即
并核皆裂，俗作果子啖之。
时珍曰∶余甘，泉州山中亦有之。状如川楝子，味类橄榄，亦可蜜渍、盐藏。其木可制
器物。按陈祈畅《异物志》云∶余甘树叶如夜合及槐叶，其枝如柘，其花黄。其子圆，大
如弹丸，色微黄，有纹理如定陶瓜，核有五、六棱，初入口苦涩，良久饮水更甘，盐而蒸之
尤美。其说与两苏所言相合。而《临海异物志》云∶余甘子如梭形，大如梅子，其核两头锐
，与橄榄一物异名也。然橄榄形长尖，余甘形圆，稍有不同，叶形亦异，盖二物也。又苏恭
言其仁可入药，而未见主治何病，岂亦与果同功耶？
实
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。 曰∶苦、酸、甘，微寒，涩。
【主治】风虚热气（《唐本》）。补益强气。合铁粉一斤用，变白不老。取子压汁，和油
涂头，生发去风痒，令发生如漆黑也（藏器）。主丹石伤肺，上气咳嗽。久服，轻身延年长
生。服乳石人，宜常食之（李 ）。为末点汤服，解金石毒（宗 ）。解硫黄毒（时珍。出《益
部
【发明】宗 曰∶黄金得余甘则体柔，亦物类相感相伏也，故能解金石之毒云。
仁
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】名称来源不详。
【集解】陈藏器说：木威子生长在岭南的山谷中。树高一丈多，叶子像楝树的叶子。果实像橄榄但质地坚硬，也像枣，削去外皮可以做成粽子那样食用。
李时珍说：木威子属于橄榄一类。陈氏的说法出自顾微的《广州记》。而梁元帝的《金楼子》中说：向南生长的橄榄树结的是橄榄，向东生长的则叫木威。这也是一些传闻中的谬误说法。
（出自《唐本草》）
【校正】从木部移入此部。
【释名】余甘子（出自《唐本草》）、庵摩落迦果。
陈藏器说：在梵文经典中名为庵摩勒，又名摩勒落迦果。它刚吃的时候味道苦涩，过很久之后才回甘，所以叫余甘。
【集解】苏恭说：庵摩勒生长在岭南的交州、广州、爱州等地。树叶细小类似合欢树。花朵是黄色的。果实像李子、柰果，呈青黄色，核圆形且有棱，棱数有六或七个，其中的仁也可以入药使用。
某位医家说：生长在西域国家的，大小像枳橘子的形状。
苏颂说：余甘子，现在两广各郡以及西川、戎州、泸州、蛮族交界处的山谷中都有生长。树木高一二丈，枝条非常柔软。叶子青翠细密，早晨开放傍晚闭合如同夜合花，但叶子微小，春天生发冬天凋谢。三月开花，长在枝条上，像粟米粒一样，颜色微黄。随即结果实成串，每条枝条结三两个果实，到冬天成熟，形状像李子，青白色，连同果核分成五六个瓣，干燥后连同果核一起裂开，民间把它当作果子吃。
李时珍说：余甘子在泉州的山中也有生长。形状像川楝子，味道类似橄榄，也可以用蜜渍、盐藏的方法保存。它的木材可以用来制作器物。按陈祈畅《异物志》所说：余甘树的叶子像夜合花及槐树叶，它的枝条像柘树，花朵是黄色的。果实圆形，大如弹丸，颜色微黄，有纹理像定陶瓜，果核有五六个棱，刚入口时苦涩，过了一会儿喝水就变甘甜，用盐腌制并蒸熟尤其美味。这种说法与苏轼、苏辙兄弟所言相符合。而《临海异物志》说：余甘子形状像梭子，大如梅子，果核两头尖锐，与橄榄是同一种物不同名称。然而橄榄形状长且尖，余甘形状圆，稍有不同，叶形也不一样，应该是两种不同的植物。另外苏恭说它的仁可以入药，但没有见到主治什么病，难道也是与果实功效相同吗？
【气味】酸味、辛味，无毒。李时珍说：按《广州记》记载，味道苦、涩。
【主治】治疗心中停聚的恶水、水气（陈藏器）。
【气味】甘味，寒性，无毒。某位医家说：苦、酸、甘，微寒，涩。
【主治】治疗风虚热气（《唐本草》）。补益元气。配合铁粉一斤使用，能使头发变白者复黑且延缓衰老。取果实压榨出汁，调和油脂涂抹头部，能促进头发生长、去除风痒，使头发长得像漆一样黑亮（陈藏器）。主治丹石类药物损伤肺部引起的上气咳嗽。长期服用，能轻身延年长生。服用乳石类丹药的人，适宜经常食用（李珣）。研成粉末冲汤服用，能解金石毒（寇宗奭）。解硫黄毒（李时珍。出自《益部方》）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Names] The origin of the name is unknown.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Cangqi stated: Muweizi (Wood Nut) grows in the valleys of Lingnan. The tree is over one zhang tall, and its leaves resemble those of the Chinaberry tree (*Melia azedarach*). The fruit is hard like an olive but also resembles a jujube; after peeling off the skin, it can be eaten like a Zongzi (sticky rice dumpling).
Li Shizhen stated: Muweizi belongs to the category of olives. The statement by Mr. Chen comes from Gu Wei's *Guangzhou Ji*. However, Emperor Yuan of Liang's *Jinlou Zi* states: "The southern-facing Olive trees bear Olives, while the east-facing ones bear Muwei." This is also a mistaken rumor.
(From *Tang Bencao* / Tang Materia Medica)
[Correction] Transferred from the Wood section to this section.
[Names] Yuganzi (from *Tang Bencao*), Amalaka Fruit.
Chen Cangqi stated: In Sanskrit texts, it is named Amalaka, also known as Malakataka fruit. Its taste is initially bitter and astringent, but becomes sweet after a long time, hence the name Yuganzi (Remaining Sweetness).
[Collected Exconations] Su Gong stated: Amalaka grows in Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, Aizhou, and other prefectures in Lingnan. The leaves are fine and similar to Albizia julibrissin (Silk Tree). The flowers are yellow. The fruits resemble plums or Chinese medlars, are greenish-yellow, with round kernels having ridges, either six or seven in number. The kernel inside can also be used medicinally.
A certain physician stated: Those grown in Western Regions are the size of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange).
Su Song stated: Yuganzi is now found in various counties of Liangguang, as well as in the valleys of Xichuan, Rongzhou, Luzhou, and borders inhabited by Man tribes. The tree is one to two zhang high, with very soft branches. The leaves are green, fine, and dense, opening in the morning and closing at dusk like Mimosa pudica (Sensitive Plant), but the leaves are tiny, emerging in spring and withering in winter. Flowers appear in March, growing on twigs, resembling millet grains, slightly yellow. Fruits form shortly after, hanging in clusters, with three or two fruits per twig. They ripen in winter, resembling plums, pale white, divided into five or six segments including the core. When dry, both the flesh and core split. Locals eat them as fruits.
Li Shizhen stated: Yuganzi also grows in the mountains of Quanzhou. It resembles Sichuan Chinaberry (*Toosendan indicum*) in shape and tastes similar to olives. It can also be preserved with honey or salt. Its wood can be used to make utensils. According to Chen Qichang's *Yiwu Zhi*: "The leaves of Yuganzi are like Mimosa pudica and Sophora japonica (Chinese Scholar Tree); its branches are like Morus australis (Mulberry); its flowers are yellow. The fruit is round, as large as a marble, slightly yellow, with textures like Dingtao melons. The kernel has five or six ridges. Initially bitter and astringent upon entry, it becomes sweet after drinking water. Salted and steamed, it is especially delicious." This description aligns with the accounts of Su Shi and Su Zhe. However, *Linhai Yiwu Zhi* states: "Yuganzi is spindle-shaped, as large as a plum, with sharp ends on the kernel, being another name for the Olive." Yet, olives are long and pointed, while Yuganzi is round, showing slight differences, and their leaf shapes also differ; thus, they should be two different plants. Furthermore, Su Gong mentioned that its kernel can be used medicinally, but did not specify which diseases it treats. Could its efficacy be the same as the fruit?
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sour, Pungent, Non-toxic. Li Shizhen stated: According to *Guangzhou Ji*, the flavor is Bitter and Astringent.
[Indications] Treats evil water accumulation in the heart and Qi of Water Dampness (Chen Cangqi).
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, Cold, Non-toxic. A certain physician stated: Bitter, Sour, Sweet, Slightly Cold, Astringent.
[Indications] Treats Wind-Deficiency and Hot Qi (from *Tang Bencao*). Tonifies and strengthens Qi. Combined with one jin (approx. 500g) of Iron Powder, it reverses graying hair and prevents aging. Extract juice from the fruit, mix with oil, and apply to the scalp to promote hair growth, remove wind-induced itching, and make hair grow black as lacquer (Chen Cangqi). Treats Lung injury caused by Dan-Shi (mineral pills) leading to rebellious Qi and coughing. Long-term consumption lightens the body, extends life, and promotes longevity. Those consuming Rushi (Mineral Pills) should consume it regularly (Li Xun). Grind into powder and take with decoction to resolve Jinshi (Metal and Stone/Mineral) toxicity (Kou Zongshi). Resolve Sulfur toxicity (Li Shizhen. From *Yibu Fang*).
[Elucidation] Kou Zongshi stated: Gold becomes soft when interacting with Yuganzi, demonstrating the principle of mutual induction and suppression among substances; therefore, it can resolve Metal and Stone toxicity.