（《唐本草》）
【集解】恭曰∶杨栌，一名空疏，所在皆有，生篱垣间。其子为荚。
叶
【气味】苦，寒，有毒。
【主治】疽 恶疮，水煮汁洗之，立瘥（《唐本》）。
木耳 见菜部。
（《本经》下品）
【释名】风药。
时珍曰∶生于石间向阳之处，故名石南。桂阳呼为风药，充茗及浸酒饮能愈头风，故名。
按∶《范石湖集》云∶修江出栾茶，治头风。今南人无所谓栾茶者，岂即
【集解】《别录》曰∶石南生华阴山谷。三月、四月采叶，八月采
弘景曰∶今东间皆有之，叶如枇杷叶。方用亦稀。
恭曰∶叶似 草，凌冬不凋。关中者叶细为好。江山以南者，叶长大如枇杷叶，无气味，
殊不任用。保升曰∶终南斜谷有石处甚饶。今市人以石苇为之，误矣。颂曰∶今南北皆有之。
生于石上，株极有高硕者。江湖间出者，叶如枇杷，上有小刺，凌冬不凋。春生白花成簇，
秋结细红实。关陇间出者，叶似莽草，青黄色，背有紫点，雨多则并生，长及二、三寸。根
横，细紫色。无花实，叶至茂密。南北人多移植亭院间，阴翳可爱，不透日气。入药以关中
叶细者为良。魏王《花木志》云∶南方石南树野生。二月开花，连着实。实如燕覆子，八月
熟。民采取核，和鱼羹尤美。今无用者。宗 曰∶石南叶似枇杷叶之小者，而背无毛，光而
不皱。正、二月间开花。冬有二叶为花苞，苞既开，中有十五余花，大小如椿花，甚细碎。
每一苞约弹许大，成一球。一花六叶，一朵有七、八球，淡白绿色，叶末微淡赤色。花既开，
蕊满花，但见蕊不见花。花才罢，去年绿叶尽脱落，渐生新叶。京洛、河北、河东、山东颇
少，人故少用。湖南北、江东西、二浙甚多，故人多用。
叶
【气味】辛、苦，平，有毒。
之才曰∶五加皮为使。恶小蓟。
【主治】养肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨皮毛（《本经》）
可久服，令思男（《别录》）。能添肾气，治软脚烦闷疼，杀虫，逐诸风（甄权）。浸酒饮，治
头风（时珍）。
【发明】恭曰∶石南叶为疗风邪丸散之要，今医家不复用其实矣。
权曰∶虽能养肾，亦令人阴痿。
时珍曰∶古方为治风痹肾弱要药。今人绝不知用，识者亦少，盖由甄氏《药性论》有令
阴痿之说也。殊不知服此药者，能令肾强，嗜欲之人借此放恣，以致痿弱，归咎于药，良可
慨也。毛文锡《茶谱》云∶湘人四月采杨桐草，捣汁浸水蒸，作为饭食；必采石南芽为茶饮，
乃去风也。暑月尤宜。杨桐即南烛也。
【附方】新三。
鼠 不合∶石南、生地黄、茯苓、黄连、雌黄等分，为散。日再敷之。（《肘后方》）。
小儿通睛∶小儿误跌，或打着头脑受惊，肝系受风，致瞳仁不正，观东则见西，观西则
见东。宜石南散，吹鼻通顶。石南一两，藜芦三分，瓜丁五、七个。为末。每吹少许入鼻，
一日三度。内服牛黄平肝药。（《普济方
乳石发动，烦热∶石南叶为末。新汲水服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
实（一名鬼目）
【主治】杀蛊毒，破积聚，逐风痹
（出自《唐本草》）
【集解】苏恭说：杨栌，又名空疏，各地都有生长，生于篱笆和墙垣之间。它的果实是荚果。
叶
【气味】味苦，性寒，有毒。
【主治】治疗疽疮、恶疮，用水煮取汁液清洗患处，立刻就能痊愈（《唐本草》）。
木耳 见蔬菜部。
（出自《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】风药。
李时珍说：石南生长在岩石间向阳的地方，所以名叫石南。桂阳地区称它为风药，用来泡茶或浸泡酒饮用能治愈头风病，因此得名。
按：《范石湖集》中说：修江出产栾茶，能治疗头风。现在南方人没有所谓栾茶的称呼，难道就是……
【集解】《名医别录》说：石南生长在华山山谷。三月、四月采集叶子，八月采集……
陶弘景说：现在江东地区都有生长，叶子像枇杷叶。方剂中用得也很少。
苏恭说：叶子像某草，过冬不凋谢。关中地区的叶子细小为好。江山以南地区的，叶子长大像枇杷叶，没有气味，完全不能入药。保升说：终南山斜谷有石头处非常多。现在市场上有人用石韦来冒充，这是错误的。苏颂说：现在南北各地都有生长。生长在石头上，植株有很高大的。江湖地区出产的，叶子像枇杷，上面有小刺，过冬不凋谢。春天开白花成簇，秋天结细小红实。关陇地区出产的，叶子像莽草，青黄色，背面有紫点，雨水多时就一起生长，长达二、三寸。根横生，细小紫色。没有花实，叶子非常茂密。南北很多人移植到庭院中，树荫可爱，不透阳光。入药以关中叶子细小的为优良。魏王《花木志》说：南方石南树是野生的。二月开花，连着结果。果实像燕覆子，八月成熟。百姓采取果核，和鱼汤一起煮特别美味。现在没人用了。陈藏器说：石南叶子像小一点的枇杷叶，但背面没有毛，光滑而不皱。正月、二月间开花。冬天有两片叶子作为花苞，花苞打开后，里面有十五朵花左右，大小像椿树花，非常细碎。每个花苞大约弹丸那么大，聚成一个球。一朵花有六片叶子，一朵花上有七八个球，淡白绿色，叶尖微带淡红色。花开放后，花蕊充满花朵，只见花蕊不见花瓣。花刚谢，去年的绿叶全部脱落，渐渐长出新的叶子。京洛、河北、河东、山东地区很少，人们因此很少使用。湖南北、江东西、两浙地区很多，所以人们多用。
叶
【气味】味辛、苦，性平，有毒。
孟诜说：五加皮是它的使药。畏小蓟。
【主治】滋养肾气，治疗内伤阴衰，通利筋骨皮毛（《神农本草经》）。
可以长期服用，让人想生男孩（《名医别录》）。能补充肾气，治疗脚软烦闷疼痛，杀虫，驱除各种风邪（甄权）。浸泡酒饮用，治疗头风（李时珍）。
【发明】苏恭说：石南叶是治疗风邪丸散的重要药材，现在的医生不再使用它的果实了。
甄权说：虽然能养肾，也会让人阳痿。
李时珍说：古方中它是治疗风痹肾虚的要药。现在的人完全不知道使用，懂行的人也少，大概是因为甄氏《药性论》中有让人阳痿的说法。殊不知服用此药的人，能使肾强盛，好色之人借此放纵欲望，导致痿弱，却归咎于药物，实在令人感慨。毛文锡《茶谱》说：湖南人在四月采集杨桐草，捣汁浸水蒸煮，做成饭食；必须采集石南芽作为茶饮，才能去风。暑天尤其适宜。杨桐就是南烛。
【附方】新收录三方。
鼠瘘不合：石南、生地黄、茯苓、黄连、雌黄等分，研为散剂。每天敷两次。（《肘后备急方》）。
小儿通睛：小儿误跌，或被打着头脑受惊，肝系受风，导致瞳仁不正，看东则见西，看西则见东。宜用石南散，吹鼻通顶。石南一两，藜芦三分，瓜丁五、七个。研为末。每次吹少许入鼻，一天三次。内服牛黄平肝药。（《普济方》）。
乳石发动，烦热：石南叶研为末。新汲水送服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
实（一名鬼目）
【主治】杀蛊毒，破除积聚，驱除风痹。
(From *Tang Bencao*)
[Collected Annotations] Gong stated: Yanglu, also known as Kongsu, is found everywhere, growing among fences and walls. Its fruit is a pod.
Leaf
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, cold, toxic.
[Indications] For carbuncles and malignant sores, boil in water to extract the juice and wash the affected area; it heals immediately (*Tang Bencao*).
Wood Ear Mushroom See Vegetable Section.
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Lower Grade)
[Names] Fengyao (Wind Medicine).
Shizhen stated: It grows on rocks in sunny places, hence the name Shi'nan (Stone South). In Guiyang, it is called Fengyao; brewing it as tea or soaking it in wine can cure head wind, hence the name.
Note: *Fan Shihu Ji* states: Xiujiang produces Luancha, which treats head wind. Now people in the south do not know what Luancha is; could it be...
[Collected Annotations] *Bielu* states: Shi'nan grows in the valleys of Mount Hua. Leaves are harvested in March and April, fruits in August.
Jing stated: It is now common in the eastern regions; leaves resemble those of loquat. It is rarely used in prescriptions.
Gong stated: Leaves resemble [certain grass], remaining green through winter. Those from Guanzhong with fine leaves are considered superior. Those south of Jiangshan have large leaves like loquat, lack odor, and are useless for medicine. Baosheng stated: There are abundant Shi'nan at rocky spots in Xiegu, Zhongnan Mountain. People in markets now mistakenly use Shiwei (Pyrrosia leaf) instead. Song stated: It is now found in both north and south. Growing on rocks, some plants are very tall. Those from the lakes and rivers region have leaves like loquat with small thorns, remaining green through winter. White flowers bloom in clusters in spring; fine red fruits form in autumn. Those from Guanlong have leaves resembling Ma Cao (Dysosma), yellowish-green with purple spots on the back; they grow together when rainy, reaching two to three inches. Roots are horizontal, thin, and purple. No flowers or fruits; leaves are dense. Many transplant them into courtyards in north and south for shade; they block sunlight. For medicinal use, fine leaves from Guanzhong are best. *Huamu Zhi* by King Wei states: Southern Shi'nan trees are wild. Flowers in February, bearing fruit continuously. Fruits resemble Yanfu Zi, ripening in August. People collect seeds to add to fish soup, which is delicious. They are no longer used. Zong stated: Shi'nan leaves are smaller than loquat leaves, hairless on the back, smooth and unwrinkled. Flowers bloom in January and February. Two leaves serve as flower buds in winter; once opened, there are about fifteen flowers per bud, size similar to paulownia flowers, very fine. Each bud is about the size of a pellet, forming a ball. One flower has six petals; one cluster has seven or eight balls, pale white-green, with petal tips slightly reddish. After blooming, stamens fill the flower, visible but not petals. Once flowers fade, last year's green leaves fall off completely, and new leaves gradually grow. Rare in Jingluo, Hebei, Hedong, and Shandong, thus little used. Abundant in Hunan/Hubei, Jiangxi/Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, thus widely used.
Leaf
[Flavor and Properties] Pungent, bitter, neutral, toxic.
Zhicai stated: Wujiapi (Acanthopanacis Cortex) acts as its guiding herb. Averse to Xiaoji (Cirsii Herba).
[Indications] Nourishes kidney qi, treats internal injury with yin deficiency, benefits sinews, bones, skin, and hair (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Can be taken for a long time to promote conception of males (*Bielu*). Augments kidney qi, treats soft legs with irritability and pain, kills parasites, expels various winds (Zhen Quan). Soaked in wine and drunk, treats head wind (Shizhen).
[Innovations] Gong stated: Shi'nan leaves are essential for pills and powders treating wind pathogens; nowadays physicians no longer use its fruits.
Quan stated: Although it nourishes the kidney, it may cause impotence.
Shizhen stated: Ancient formulas used it as a key drug for wind-bi and kidney weakness. Nowadays, people do not know how to use it, and few experts recognize it, likely due to Zhen's *Yaoxing Lun* claiming it causes impotence. Little do they know that taking this drug strengthens the kidney; lustful individuals misuse it to indulge desires, leading to weakness, and then blame the drug—this is truly lamentable. Mao Wenxi's *Chapu* states: Hunan people harvest Yangtong grass in April, crush it, soak in water, steam, and make food; they must harvest Shi'nan buds for tea to dispel wind. Especially suitable in summer. Yangtong is Nan Zhu.
[Attached Formulas] Three new formulas.
Shu Lou (Persistent Scrofula): Shi'nan, Sheng Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Fuling (Poria), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Yihuang (Realgar) in equal parts, powdered. Apply twice daily (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
Xiao'er Tongjing (Pediatric Strabismus): If a child falls accidentally or is struck on the head causing fright, wind enters the liver system, causing misalignment of the pupil (looking east sees west, looking west sees east). Use Shi'nan San blown into the nose to reach the top. Shi'nan 1 liang, Lilü (Veratri Rhizoma) 3 fen, Gading (Trichosanthis Trichophorus) 5-7 pieces. Powdered. Blow a small amount into the nose three times a day. Internally administer Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) liver-calming medicines (*Puji Fang*).
Rushi Fadong (Activation of Mineral Drugs with Irritability and Heat): Shi'nan Ye (Stanni Folium) powdered. Take 1 qian with fresh well water (*Shenghui Fang*).
Fruit (Also known as Gui Mu)
[Indications] Kills gu poison, breaks accumulations, expels wind-bi.