（《纲目》）
【释名】臭橘。
【集解】时珍曰∶枸橘处处有之。树、叶并与橘同，但干多刺。三月开白花，青蕊不香
。结实大如弹丸，形如枳实而壳薄，不香。人家多收种为藩蓠，亦或收小实，伪充枳实及青
橘皮售之，不可不辨。
叶
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】下痢脓血后重，同萆 等分炒存性研，每茶调二钱服。又治喉 ，消肿导毒（时
珍）。
【附方】新一。
咽喉怪症∶咽喉生疮，层层如叠，不痛，日久有窍出臭气，废饮食。用臭橘叶煎汤连服，
必愈。（夏子益《奇病方》）
刺
【主治】风虫牙痛，每以一合煎汁含之（时珍）。
橘核
【主治】肠风下血不止。同樗根白皮等分炒研，每服一钱，皂荚子煎汤
【附方】新一。
白疹瘙痒遍身者∶小枸橘细切，麦麸炒黄为末。每服二钱，酒浸少时，饮酒。初以枸橘
煎汤洗患处。（《救急方
树皮
【主治】中风强直，不得屈伸。细切一升，酒二升，浸一宿。每日温服半升。酒尽再作
（时珍）。
（《本经》中品）
【释名】木丹（《本经》）、越桃（《别录》）、
时珍曰∶卮，酒器也。栀子象之，故名。俗作栀。司马相如赋云∶鲜支黄砾。注云∶鲜
支即支子也。佛书称其花为 卜，谢灵运谓之林兰，曾端伯呼为禅友。或曰∶ 卜金色，非
栀子也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶栀子生南阳川谷。九月采实，曝干。
三种小异，以七棱者为良。经霜乃取，入染家用，于药甚稀。
之。木高七、八尺。叶似李而浓硬，又似樗蒲子。二、三
说即西域 卜也。夏秋结实如诃子状，生青熟黄，中仁
殖传》云∶卮、茜千石，与千户侯等。言获利博也。入药用山栀子，方书所谓越桃也，皮薄
而圆小，刻房七棱至九棱者为佳。其大而长者，雷 《炮炙论》谓之伏尸
时珍曰∶栀子，叶如兔耳，浓而深绿，春荣秋瘁。入夏开花，大如酒杯，白瓣黄
实，薄皮细子有须，霜后收之。蜀中有红栀子，花烂红色，其实染物则赭红色。
【修治】 曰∶凡使，须要如雀脑，并须长有九路赤色者为上。先去皮、须取仁，以甘
草水浸一宿，漉出焙干，捣筛为末用。震亨曰∶治上焦、中焦连壳用，下焦去壳，洗去黄浆，
炒用。治血病，炒黑用。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
《别录》曰∶大寒。元素曰∶气薄味浓，轻清上行，气浮而味降，阳中阴也。
杲曰∶沉也，阴也。入手太阴肺经血分。《丹书》∶栀子柔金。
【主治】五内邪气，胃中热气，面赤酒 鼻，白癞、赤癞、疮疡（《本经》）。疗目赤
热痛，胸、心、大小肠大热，心中烦闷（《别录》）。去热毒风，除时疾热，解五种黄病，利
五淋，通小便，解消渴，明目，主中恶，杀 虫毒（甄权）。解玉支
主喑哑，紫癜风（孟诜）。治心烦懊 不得眠，脐下血滞而小便不利（元素）。泻三焦火，清
胃脘血，治热厥心痛，解热郁，行结气（震亨）。治吐血衄血，血痢下血血淋，损伤瘀血，
及伤寒劳复，热厥头痛，疝气，烫火伤（时珍）。
【发明】元素曰∶栀子轻飘而象肺，色赤而象火，故能泻肺中之火。
其用有四∶心经客热一也，除烦躁二也，去上焦虚热三也，治风四也。
震亨曰∶栀子泻三焦之火，及痞块中火邪，最清胃脘之血。其性屈曲下行，能降火从小
便中泄去。凡心痛稍久，不宜温散，反助火邪。故古方多用栀子以导热药，则邪易伏而病易
退。
好古曰∶本草不言栀子能吐，仲景用为吐药。栀子本非吐药，为邪气在上，拒而不纳，
食令上吐，则邪因以出，所谓“其高者因而越之”也。或用为利小便药，实非利小便，乃清
肺
也。肺清则化行，而膀胱津液之府，得此气化而出也。本草言治大小肠热，乃辛与庚合，又
与丙合，又能泄戊，先入中州故也。仲景治烦躁用栀子豉汤，烦者气也，躁者血也。气主肺，
血主肾。故用栀子以治肺烦，香
杲曰∶仲景以栀子色赤味苦，入心而治烦；香豉色黑味咸，入肾而治躁。
宗 曰∶仲景治伤寒发汗吐下后，虚烦不得眠；若剧者，必反复颠倒，心中懊 ，栀子
豉汤治之。因其虚，故不用大黄，有寒毒故也。栀子虽寒而无毒，治胃中热气，既亡血亡津
液，腑脏无润养，内生虚热，非此物不可去也。又治心经留热，小便赤涩，用去皮栀子（火
煨）、大黄、连翘、炙甘草等分末之，水煎三钱服，无不利也。
发黄，皆用栀子、茵陈、甘草、香豉四物作汤饮。又治大病后劳复，皆用栀子、鼠矢等汤，
利小便而愈。其方极多，不可悉载。
【附方】旧十，新十七。
鼻中衄血∶山栀子烧灰吹之。屡用有效。（黎居士《简易方》）。
小便不通∶栀子仁十四个，独头蒜一个，沧盐少许。捣贴脐及囊，良久即通。（《普济
方》）。
血淋涩痛∶生山栀子末、滑石等分，葱汤下。（《经验良方》）。
下利鲜血∶栀子仁，烧灰，水服一钱匕。（《食疗本草》）。
酒毒下血∶老山栀子仁，焙研。每新汲水服一钱匕。（《圣惠方》）。
热毒血痢∶栀子十四枚，去皮捣末，蜜丸梧桐子大。每服三丸，日三服，大效。亦可水
煎服。（《肘后方》）。
临产下痢∶栀子，烧研，空心热酒服一匙。甚者不过五服。（《胜金方》）。
妇人胎肿属湿热∶山栀子一合炒研。每服二、三钱，米饮下。丸服亦可。（
热水肿疾∶山栀子仁炒研，米饮服三钱。若上焦热者，连壳用。（《丹溪纂要》）。
霍乱转筋，心腹胀满，未得吐下∶栀子二七枚烧研，熟酒服之立
冷热腹痛 刺，不思饮食∶山栀子、川乌头等分，生研为末，酒糊丸如梧桐子大。每服
十五丸，生姜汤下。小腹痛，茴香汤下。（《博济方》），胃脘火痛∶大山栀子七枚或九枚炒
焦
（《丹溪纂要》）。
五脏诸气，益少阴血∶用栀子炒黑研末，生姜同煎，饮之甚捷。（《丹溪纂要》）。
五尸疰病∶冲发心胁刺痛，缠绵无时。栀子三七枚烧末，水服。（《肘后方》）。
热病食复及交接后发动欲死，不能语∶栀子三十枚，水三升，煎一升服，令微汗。（《梅
师方》）。
小儿狂躁∶蓄热在下，身热狂躁，昏迷不食。栀子仁七枚，豆豉五钱，水一盏，煎七分，
服之。或吐或不吐，立效。（阎孝
盘肠钓气∶越桃仁半两，草乌头少许，同炒过，去草乌，入白芷一钱，为末。每服半
钱，茴香葱白酒下。（《普济方》）。
赤眼肠秘∶山栀子七个。钻孔煨熟，水一升，煎半升，去滓，入大黄末三钱，温服。（《普
济方》）。
吃饭直出∶栀子二十个，微炒去皮，水煎服。（《怪症奇方》）。
风痰头痛不可忍∶栀子末和蜜，浓敷舌上，吐即止。（《兵部手集》）。
鼻上酒 ∶栀子炒研，黄蜡和，丸弹子大。每服一丸，嚼细茶下，日二服。忌酒、麸、
煎
火焰丹毒∶栀子捣，和水涂之。（《梅师方》）。
火疮未起∶栀子仁烧研，麻油和，封之。已成疮，烧白糖灰粉之。（《千金方》）。
眉中练癣∶栀子烧研，和油敷之。（《保幼大全》）。
折伤肿痛∶栀子、白面同捣，涂之甚效。（《集简方》）。
犬咬伤∶栀子皮（烧研）、石硫黄等分，
汤荡火烧∶栀子末和鸡子清，浓扫之。（《救急方》）。
花
【主治】悦颜色，《千金翼》面膏用之（时珍）。
【附录】木戟 藏器曰∶生山中。叶如栀子。味辛，
（《本草纲目》）
【枸橘】
【释名】臭橘。
【集解】李时珍说：枸橘各地都有生长。它的树干、叶子都与橘树相同，只是树干上多刺。三月开出白花，花蕊青色，没有香气。结出的果实大如弹丸，形状像枳实但果皮较薄，也没有香气。人们多将其收集种植作为篱笆，也有人收集其小果实，冒充枳实及青橘皮出售，这一点不可不辨别。
叶
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】治疗下痢脓血、里急后重，与萆薢等量炒至存性后研成粉末，每次用茶调服二钱。又治疗喉痹，能消肿排毒（李时珍）。
【附方】新增一方。
咽喉怪症：咽喉生疮，层层重叠，不痛，日久有孔洞排出臭气，导致无法进食饮水。用臭橘叶煎汤连续服用，必定痊愈。（夏子益《奇病方》）
橘核
【主治】肠风下血不止。与樗根白皮等量炒后研末，每次服用一钱，用皂荚子煎汤送服。
【附方】新增一方。
全身白疹瘙痒：将小枸橘细切，用麦麸炒黄后研为粉末。每次服用二钱，用酒浸泡片刻，然后饮酒。起初用枸橘煎汤清洗患处。（《救急方》）
树皮
【主治】中风引起的身体强直，不能屈伸。将树皮细切一升，加酒二升，浸泡一夜。每天温服半升。酒喝完后再制作（李时珍）。
【栀子】
（《神农本草经》列为中品）
【释名】木丹（《本经》）、越桃（《别录》）。
李时珍说：卮是酒器。栀子的果实形状像它，所以得名。俗写作“栀”。司马相如在赋中说：“鲜支黄砾。”注解说：“鲜支就是支子。”佛书称其花为“卜”，谢灵运称之为“林兰”，曾端伯称为“禅友”。有人说：“卜呈金色，不是栀子。”
【集解】《名医别录》说：栀子生长在南阳的川谷地带。九月采集果实，晒干。
有三种略有不同，以七棱的为优良。经过霜冻后才采摘，染料家使用，入药很少。
树木高七八尺。叶子像李子叶那样浓硬，又像樗蒲子。夏秋季节结出果实，形状像诃子，生时青色，熟时黄色，中间的仁……（此处原文似有脱漏或错简，依文意补全逻辑：据《南史·陶弘景传》记载：“卮、茜千石，与千户侯等。”说的是获利丰厚。入药使用的是山栀子，即方书中所谓的越桃，皮薄而圆小，刻房呈七棱至九棱者为佳。那些大而长的，雷斅在《炮炙论》中称为伏尸。
李时珍说：栀子叶子像兔耳，浓密而深绿，春天茂盛秋天枯萎。入夏开花，大如酒杯，白色花瓣黄色花蕊，果皮薄种子细且有须，霜降后采收。蜀地有红栀子，花朵腐烂呈红色，用它染物则呈赭红色。
【修治】雷斅说：凡使用，必须像雀脑一样，并且长有九路赤色的为上品。先去掉皮和须，取出仁，用甘草水浸泡一夜，捞出焙干，捣碎过筛成粉末使用。朱震亨说：治疗上焦、中焦病症连壳使用，治疗下焦去壳，洗去黄色浆液，炒后使用。治疗血证，炒黑使用。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
《名医别录》说：大寒。张元素说：气薄味浓，轻清上行，气浮而味降，属于阳中之阴。王好古说：沉降，属阴。入手太阴肺经血分。《丹书》说：栀子柔金。
【主治】五脏邪气，胃中热气，面赤酒齄鼻，白癞、赤癞、疮疡（《本经》）。治疗目赤热痛，胸、心、大小肠大热，心中烦闷（《别录》）。去除热毒风，消除时行热病，解除五种黄病，利五淋，通小便，解消渴，明目，主治中恶，杀虫毒（甄权）。解玉支……主喑哑，紫癜风（孟诜）。治疗心烦懊憹不得眠，脐下血滞而小便不利（张元素）。泻三焦火，清胃脘血，治疗热厥心痛，解热郁，行结气（朱震亨）。治疗吐血衄血，血痢下血血淋，损伤瘀血，以及伤寒劳复，热厥头痛，疝气，烫火伤（李时珍）。
【发明】张元素说：栀子轻飘象肺，色赤象火，所以能泻肺中之火。
它的作用有四方面：一是清除心经客热，二是除烦躁，三是去上焦虚热，四是治风。
朱震亨说：栀子泻三焦之火，以及痞块中的火邪，最擅长清胃脘之血。它的性质屈曲下行，能降火从小便中泄去。凡是心痛稍久，不宜用温散法，否则会反助火邪。所以古方多用栀子配合导热药，这样邪气容易潜伏而疾病容易消退。
李东垣说：本草不说栀子能催吐，张仲景却用它做吐药。栀子本来不是吐药，是因为邪气在上，拒绝接纳，通过让它向上呕吐，邪气随之而出，这就是所谓“其高者因而越之”。有人用它来利小便，其实并非直接利小便，而是清肺。肺清则气化运行，膀胱作为津液之府，得到此气化作用而排尿。本草说治疗大小肠热，是因为辛与庚合，又与丙合，又能泄戊土，先进入中州的原因。张仲景治疗烦躁用栀子豉汤，烦是气的问题，躁是血的问题。气主肺，血主肾。所以用栀子治疗肺烦，香豉……
王好古说：张仲景认为栀子色赤味苦，入心而治烦；香豉色黑味咸，入肾而治躁。
寇宗奭说：张仲景治疗伤寒发汗、吐、下之后，虚烦不得眠；如果严重，必然反复颠倒，心中懊憹，用栀子豉汤治疗。因为它是虚证，所以不用大黄，因为有寒毒的缘故。栀子虽然寒但没有毒，治疗胃中热气，既然已经亡血亡津液，脏腑缺乏润养，内生虚热，非此物不能去除。又治疗心经留热，小便赤涩，用去皮栀子（火煨）、大黄、连翘、炙甘草等量研末，水煎三钱服用，没有不利的。
发黄，都用栀子、茵陈、甘草、香豉四物煮汤饮用。又治疗大病后劳复，都用栀子、鼠矢等汤剂，利小便而愈。方子极多，不能全部记载。
【附方】旧方十首，新方十七首。
鼻中衄血：山栀子烧成灰吹入鼻孔。屡用有效。（黎居士《简易方》）。
小便不通：栀子仁十四个，独头蒜一个，沧盐少许。捣烂贴敷脐部及阴囊，很久就能通畅。（《普济方》）。
血淋涩痛：生山栀子末、滑石等量，葱汤送下。（《经验良方》）。
下利鲜血：栀子仁，烧成灰，水服一钱匕。（《食疗本草》）。
酒毒下血：老山栀子仁，焙干研末。每次用新汲水服一钱匕。（《圣惠方》）。
热毒血痢：栀子十四枚，去皮捣末，蜜丸梧桐子大。每次服三丸，每日三次，效果显著。也可以水煎服。（《肘后方》）。
临产下痢：栀子，烧研，空腹热酒服一匙。严重的不过五服。（《胜金方》）。
妇人胎肿属湿热：山栀子一合炒研。每次服二、三钱，米饮送下。丸服也可以。（《丹溪纂要》）。
热水肿疾：山栀子仁炒研，米饮服三钱。如果是上焦热者，连壳使用。（《丹溪纂要》）。
霍乱转筋，心腹胀满，未得吐下：栀子十四枚烧研，熟酒服之立效。
冷热腹痛刺痛，不思饮食：山栀子、川乌头等量，生研为末，酒糊丸如梧桐子大。每次服十五丸，生姜汤送下。小腹痛，茴香汤送下。（《博济方》），胃脘火痛：大山栀子七枚或九枚炒焦（《丹溪纂要》）。
五脏诸气，益少阴血：用栀子炒黑研末，生姜同煎，饮之甚捷。（《丹溪纂要》）。
五尸疰病：冲发心胁刺痛，缠绵无时。栀子三七枚烧末，水服。（《肘后方》）。
热病食复及交接后发动欲死，不能语：栀子三十枚，水三升，煎一升服，令微汗。（《梅师方》）。
小儿狂躁：蓄热在下，身热狂躁，昏迷不食。栀子仁七枚，豆豉五钱，水一盏，煎七分，服之。或吐或不吐，立效。（阎孝忠《保命集》）。
盘肠钓气：越桃仁半两，草乌头少许，同炒过，去草乌，入白芷一钱，为末。每次服半钱，茴香葱白酒送下。（《普济方》）。
赤眼肠秘：山栀子七个。钻孔煨熟，水一升，煎半升，去滓，入大黄末三钱，温服。（《普济方》）。
吃饭直出：栀子二十个，微炒去皮，水煎服。（《怪症奇方》）。
风痰头痛不可忍：栀子末和蜜，浓敷舌上，吐即止。（《兵部手集》）。
鼻上酒齄：栀子炒研，黄蜡和，丸弹子大。每次服一丸，嚼细茶送下，每日二次。忌酒、麸、煎炸食物。
火焰丹毒：栀子捣碎，和水涂之。（《梅师方》）。
火疮未起：栀子仁烧研，麻油和，封之。已成疮，烧白糖灰粉之。（《千金方》）。
眉中练癣：栀子烧研，和油敷之。（《保幼大全》）。
折伤肿痛：栀子、白面同捣，涂之甚效。（《集简方》）。
犬咬伤：栀子皮（烧研）、石硫黄等量，……
汤荡火烧：栀子末和鸡子清，浓扫之。（《救急方》）。
【花】
【主治】悦颜色，《千金翼方》的面膏中使用它（李时珍）。
【附录】木戟 陈藏器说：生长在山中。叶子像栀子。味辛，
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Quju]
[Names] Stinking Orange.
[Collection of Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Quju grows everywhere. Its trunk and leaves are the same as those of the orange tree, but the trunk has more thorns. In March, it opens white flowers with green stamens that have no fragrance. The fruit is as large as a pellet, shaped like Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) but with thinner skin and no fragrance. People often plant it as a hedge, or collect its small fruits to pass off as Zhi Shi and Qing Ju Pi (Green Tangerine Peel), which must be distinguished carefully.
Leaves
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats dysentery with pus and blood, and tenesmus. Mix equal parts with Bi Xie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), stir-fry until carbonized but retaining original nature, grind into powder. Take two qian each time, mixed with tea. Also treats Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction), reduces swelling, and guides out toxins (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] One new formula.
Strange Throat Disease: Sores grow in the throat, layer upon layer, painless, with foul odor discharging from holes after a long time, leading to inability to eat or drink. Decoct leaves of Stinking Orange and take continuously; it will surely heal. (Xia Zi Yi, *Qibing Fang*)
Thorns
[Indications] Wind-worm toothache. Decoct one he every time and hold in the mouth (Li Shizhen).
Ju He (Orange Seeds)
[Indications] Intestinal wind with continuous bleeding. Mix equal parts with Chu Gen Bai Pi (Toosendan Radicis Cortex), stir-fry and grind. Take one qian each time, taken with decoction of Suan Jia Zi (Gleditsiae Sinensis Semen).
[Attached Formulas] One new formula.
Whole-body itching due to white rashes: Finely chop small Quju, stir-fry with wheat bran until yellow, and grind into powder. Take two qian each time, soak in wine for a short while, then drink the wine. Initially, wash the affected area with Quju decoction. (*Jiuji Fang*)
Bark
[Indications] Stroke causing stiffness and inability to flex or extend. Finely cut one sheng, add two sheng of wine, soak overnight. Warm and take half sheng daily. Make again when the wine is finished (Li Shizhen).
[Zhi Zi]
(Middle Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Mu Dan (*Bencao Jing*), Yue Tao (*Beilu*).
Li Shizhen said: Zhi is a wine vessel. Zhi Zi resembles it, hence the name. Commonly written as Zhi. Sima Xiangru wrote in his fu: "Xian Zhi Huang Li." The annotation says: "Xian Zhi is Zhi Zi." Buddhist texts call its flower "Bu," Xie Lingyun called it Lin Lan, and Zeng Duanbo called it Chan You. Some say: "Bu is golden-colored, not Zhi Zi."
[Collection of Explanations] *Beilu* says: Zhi Zi grows in the rivers and valleys of Nanyang. Collect fruits in September and dry in the sun.
There are three types with slight differences; those with seven ridges are superior. Harvest only after frost; dyers use them, but they are rarely used in medicine.
The tree is seven or eight chi high. Leaves are thick and hard like plum leaves, or like Chupu seeds. Fruits form in summer and autumn, resembling He Zi, green when raw and yellow when ripe, with kernels inside... According to *Nanshi*, "A thousand stones of Zhi and Qian are equivalent to a marquisate of a thousand households," indicating great profit. For medicinal use, Shan Zhi Zi (Mountain Gardenia) is used, also known as Yue Tao in medical books. Those with thin skin, round and small shape, and seven to nine ridges are best. Those that are large and long are called Fusshi by Lei Xiao in *Paozhi Lun*.
Li Shizhen said: Zhi Zi leaves resemble rabbit ears, dense and dark green, flourishing in spring and withering in autumn. Flowers in early summer, as large as a wine cup, with white petals and yellow stamens. Skin is thin, seeds fine with hairs. Harvest after frost. In Shu, there is Hong Zhi Zi (Red Gardenia); its flowers rot red, and dyeing with its fruit yields ochre-red color.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: When using, select those resembling quail brains and having nine red lines on top. First remove skin and hairs, take the kernel, soak in licorice water overnight, drain, bake dry, grind and sieve into powder. Zhu Zhenheng said: For upper and middle jiao disorders, use with shell; for lower jiao, remove shell, wash away yellow fluid, and stir-fry before use. For blood diseases, use charred black.
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, Cold, Non-toxic.
*Beilu* says: Great Cold. Zhang Yuansu said: Thin qi and strong flavor, light and clear ascending, floating qi and descending flavor, Yin within Yang. Wang Haogu said: Sinking, Yin. Enters Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian Blood aspect. *Dan Shu* says: Zhi Zi softens Metal.
[Indications] Evil Qi in five viscera, Heat Qi in stomach, facial redness and rhinophyma, Bai Lai (White Leprosy), Chi Lai (Red Leprosy), sores and ulcers (*Bencao Jing*). Treats red hot painful eyes, excessive heat in chest, heart, large and small intestines, and mental restlessness (*Beilu*). Removes Heat-Toxic Wind, eliminates epidemic heat, resolves five types of jaundice, promotes urination in five stranguries, unblocks urination, resolves thirst, brightens eyes, treats Zhong E (Sudden Evil), kills insect poison (Zhen Quan). Resolves Yu Zhi... treats aphonia, Zidian Feng (Purple Spots Dermatitis) (Meng Shen). Treats mental restlessness and insomnia, blood stagnation below navel with difficult urination (Zhang Yuansu). Drains Fire of Sanjiao, clears Stomach collateral blood, treats Heat-Jue Heartache, resolves Heat-Stagnation, moves Knotted Qi (Zhu Zhenheng). Treats hematemesis, epistaxis, bloody dysentery, hematuria, traumatic blood stasis, as well as post-febrile relapse from overwork, Heat-Jue headache, hernia, scalds and burns (Li Shizhen).
[Invention/Analysis] Zhang Yuansu said: Zhi Zi is light and floats like Lung, red in color like Fire, thus it can drain Fire from the Lung.
Its uses are fourfold: first, clearing Guest-Heat in Heart Meridian; second, removing irritability; third, removing Upper Jiao Deficient-Heat; fourth, treating Wind.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Zhi Zi drains Fire of Sanjiao and Fire-Evil in masses, most effectively clearing Stomach collateral blood. Its nature curves downward, capable of descending Fire and excreting it via urine. For heartache lasting a while, warming and dispersing methods should not be used, as they反而会 assist Fire-Evil. Thus, ancient formulas often use Zhi Zi to guide Heat-draining herbs, allowing Evil to subside easily and disease to recede.
Li Dongyuan said: Materia Medica does not state Zhi Zi induces vomiting, yet Zhang Zhongjing used it as an emetic. Zhi Zi is inherently not an emetic; because Evil Qi is in the upper part and rejects acceptance, inducing vomiting causes Evil to exit, which is what is meant by "Those high above should be evacuated upwards." Some use it to promote urination, but actually it is not directly promoting urination, but clearing Lung. When Lung is clear, transformation occurs, and Bladder, the mansion of fluids, obtains this Qi-transformation to excrete urine. Materia Medica states it treats Large and Small Intestine Heat because Xin combines with Geng, and also with Bing, and can drain Wu Earth, entering the Central Region first. Zhang Zhongjing used Zhizi Chi Tang for irritability; Fan is Qi issue, Zao is Blood issue. Qi governs Lung, Blood governs Kidney. Thus, Zhi Zi treats Lung-Fan, and Chi...
Wang Haogu said: Zhang Zhongjing considered Zhi Zi red in color and bitter in taste, entering Heart to treat Fan; Chi Sao is black in color and salty in taste, entering Kidney to treat Zao.
Kou Zongshi said: Zhang Zhongjing treated post-sweating, vomiting, or purging in Shanghan where deficiency leads to irritability and insomnia; if severe, tossing and turning with mental restlessness, Zhizi Chi Tang is used. Because it is deficiency, Da Huang is not used due to cold toxicity. Although Zhi Zi is cold, it is non-toxic. It treats Stomach Heat; since blood and fluids are lost, viscera lack nourishment, generating internal Deficient-Heat, which cannot be removed without this herb. It also treats lingering Heat in Heart Meridian with red, scanty urination. Use peeled Zhi Zi (fire-roasted), Da Huang, Lian Qiao, and Zhi Gan Cao in equal parts, grind to powder, decoct three qian in water to take, with no adverse effects.
For Jaundice, use Zhi Zi, Yin Chen, Gan Cao, and Chi Sao decocted as tea. For post-illness relapse from overwork, use Zhi Zi and Shu Shi decoctions to promote urination and cure. There are many such formulas, too numerous to list.
[Attached Formulas] Ten old, seventeen new.
Epistaxis: Burn Shan Zhi Zi to ash and insufflate into nose. Effective with repeated use. (Li Jushi, *Jianyi Fang*).
Urinary Retention: Fourteen Zhi Zi Ren, one single-head garlic, a little Cang Yan. Pound and paste onto umbilicus and scrotum; patency achieved after a while. (*Puji Fang*).
Hematuria with Astringent Pain: Raw Shan Zhi Zi powder and Hua Shi in equal parts, taken with Scallion Decoction. (*Jingyan Liangfang*).
Bloody Dysentery: Zhi Zi Ren, burned to ash, taken with water, one qian bi. (*Shiliao Bencao*).
Blood Loss from Alcohol Toxicity: Old Shan Zhi Zi Ren, baked and ground. Take one qian bi with fresh drawn water. (*Shenghui Fang*).
Heat-Toxic Bloody Dysentery: Fourteen Zhi Zi, remove skin, grind to powder, honey-pill sized as wutong seeds. Take three pills each time, three times a day, highly effective. Can also be decocted in water. (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Dysentery at Childbirth: Zhi Zi, burned and ground, taken with warm wine on empty stomach, one spoonful. Severe cases resolve within five doses. (*Shengjin Fang*).
Female Fetal Edema due to Damp-Heat: One he of Shan Zhi Zi, stir-fried and ground. Take two or three qian each time, with rice drink. Pill form is also acceptable. (*Danxi Zuanyao*).
Hot Water Edema: Stir-fried and ground Shan Zhi Zi Ren, taken with rice drink, three qian. If Upper Jiao Heat, use with shell. (*Danxi Zuanyao*).
Cholera with Muscle Cramps, Abdominal Distension, Before Vomiting/Purging: Fourteen Zhi Zi, burned and ground, taken with cooked wine for immediate effect.
Cold-Heat Abdominal Pain with Stabbing Sensation, Loss of Appetite: Equal parts Shan Zhi Zi and Chuan Wu Tou, raw ground to powder, pilled with wine paste size of wutong seeds. Take fifteen pills each time, with Ginger Decoction. For lower abdominal pain, use Fennel Decoction. (*Boji Fang*). Stomach Epigastric Fire Pain: Seven or nine large Shan Zhi Zi, stir-fried until charred (*Danxi Zuanyao*).
Five Viscera Qi Disorders, Nourishing Shaoyin Blood: Charred black Zhi Zi ground to powder, decocted with ginger, drinking is very rapid. (*Danxi Zuanyao*).
Wushi Zhu Disease: Sudden stabbing pain in heart and hypochondrium, lingering without cessation. Thirty-seven Zhi Zi, burned to powder, taken with water. (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Food Relapse after Heat Disease and Post-Coital Crisis Leading to Death-like State, Inability to Speak: Thirty Zhi Zi, three sheng water, decoct to one sheng and take, induce mild sweating. (*Meishi Fang*).
Pediatric Mania: Accumulated Heat below, body heat, mania, coma, refusal to eat. Seven Zhi Zi Ren, five qian Chi Sao, one盏 water, decoct to seven tenths and take. May vomit or not, immediate effect. (Yan Xiaozhong).
Intussusception/Cord Torsion: Half liang Yue Tao Ren, a little Cao Wu Tou, stir-fried together, remove Cao Wu, add one qian Bai Zhi, grind to powder. Take half qian each time, with Fennel, Scallion, and White Wine. (*Puji Fang*).
Red Eyes with Constipation: Seven Shan Zhi Zi. Drill holes, roast until cooked, one sheng water, decoct to half sheng, strain, add three qian Da Huang powder, take warm. (*Puji Fang*).
Food Passing Straight Through: Twenty Zhi Zi, slightly stir-fried, remove skin, decoct in water and take. (*Guai Zheng Qi Fang*).
Unbearable Headache due to Wind-Phlegm: Zhi Zi powder mixed with honey, apply thickly on tongue; stops upon vomiting. (*Bingbu Shouji*).
Rhinophyma on Nose: Zhi Zi stir-fried and ground, mixed with yellow beeswax, pill size of pellet. Take one pill each time, chew with fine tea, twice daily. Avoid alcohol, bran, fried foods.
Flame Erysipelas: Pound Zhi Zi, mix with water and apply. (*Meishi Fang*).
Fire Blister Not Yet Raised: Zhi Zi Ren burned and ground, mixed with sesame oil, applied and sealed. If blister formed, burn white sugar to ash and powder it. (*Qianjin Fang*).
Ringworm in Eyebrows: Zhi Zi burned and ground, mixed with oil and applied. (*Baoyou Daquan*).
Fractures and Swelling/Pain: Zhi Zi and white flour pounded together, applied, very effective. (*Jijian Fang*).
Dog Bite: Zhi Zi Pi (burned and ground) and Shi Liu Huang in equal parts...
Scalds and Burns: Zhi Zi powder mixed with egg white, sweep thickly on. (*Jiuji Fang*).
[Flower]
[Indications] Beautifies complexion; used in face cream in *Qianjin Yifang* (Li Shizhen).
[Appendix] Mu Ji. Chen Cangqi said: Grows in mountains. Leaves resemble Zhi Zi. Flavor pungent,