（《本经》下品）
【释名】苦楝（《图经》），实名金铃子。
时珍曰∶按∶罗愿《尔雅翼》云∶楝叶可以练物，故谓之楝。其子如小铃，熟则黄色。
名金铃，象形也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶楝实生荆山山谷。
弘景曰∶处处有之。俗人五月五日取叶佩之，云辟恶也。
恭曰∶此有雌雄两种∶雄者无子，根赤有毒，服之使人吐，不能止，时有至死者；雌者
有子，根白微毒。入药当用雌者。
颂曰∶楝实以蜀川者为佳。木高丈余，叶密如槐而长。三、四月开花，红紫色，芬香
满庭。实如弹丸，生青熟黄，十二月采之。根采无时。
时珍曰∶楝长甚速，三、五年即可作椽。其子正如圆枣，以川中者为良。王祯《农书》
言 食其实。应劭《风俗通》言獬豸食其叶。宗懔《岁时记》言蛟龙畏楝，故端午以叶包
粽，投江中祭屈原。
实
【修治】 曰∶凡采得晒干，酒拌令透，蒸待皮软，刮去皮，取肉去核用。凡使肉不使
核，使核不使肉。如使核，捶碎，用浆水煮一伏时，晒干。其花落子，谓之石茱萸，不入药
用。
【气味】苦，寒，有小毒。
元素曰∶酸、苦，平。阴中之阳。
时珍曰∶得酒煮，乃寒因热用也。茴香为之使。
【主治】温疾伤寒，大热烦狂，杀三虫，疥疡，利小便水道（《本经》）。主中大热狂，
失心躁闷，作汤浴，不入汤使（甄权）。入心及小肠，止上下部腹痛（李杲）。泻膀胱（好古）。
治诸疝虫痔（时珍）。
【发明】元素曰∶热厥暴痛，非此不能除。
时珍曰∶楝实，导小肠、膀胱之热，因引心包相火下行，故心腹痛及疝气为要药。甄权
乃言不入汤使，则《本经》何以有治热狂、利小便之文耶？近方治疝，有四治、五治、七治
诸法，盖亦配合之巧耳。
【附方】旧三，新八。
热厥心痛或发或止，身热足寒，久不愈者∶先灸太溪、昆仑，引热下行。内服金铃散∶
用金铃子、玄胡索各一两，为末。每服三钱，温酒调下。（洁古《活法机要》）。小儿冷疝气
痛，肤囊浮肿∶金铃子（去核）五钱，吴茱萸二钱半，为末，酒糊丸黍米大。每盐汤下二、
三
十丸。（《全幼心鉴》）
皮），巴豆二百个（微打破），以面二升，同于铜铛内炒至金铃子赤为度
末，巴、面不用。每服三钱，热酒或醋汤调服。一方∶入盐炒茴香半两。（《经验方》）。
疝肿痛∶《澹寮方》楝实丸∶治钓肾偏坠，痛不可忍。用川楝子肉五两，分作五分∶
一两
用破故纸二钱炒黄，一两用小茴香三钱、食盐半钱同炒，一两用莱菔子一钱同炒，一两用牵
牛子三钱同炒，一两用斑蝥七枚（去头、足）同炒。拣去食盐、莱菔、牵牛、斑蝥，只留故
纸、茴香，同研为末，以酒打面糊丸梧桐子大。每空心酒下五十丸。《得效方》楝实丸∶治
一切疝气肿痛，大有神效。用川楝子（酒润取肉）一斤，分作四分∶四两用小麦一合，斑蝥
四
十九个，同炒熟，去蝥；四两用小麦一合，巴豆四十九枚，同炒熟，去豆；四两用小麦一合，
巴戟肉一两，同炒熟，去戟；四两用小茴香一合，食盐一两，同炒熟，去盐。加破故纸（酒
炒）一两，广木香（不见火）一两，为末，酒煮面糊丸梧桐子大。每服五十丸，盐汤空心下，
日三服。《直指方》楝实丸∶治外肾胀大，麻木痛破，及奔豚疝气。用川楝子四十九个，分
七处切取肉∶七个用小茴香五钱同炒，七个用破故纸二钱半同炒，七个用黑牵牛二钱半同炒，
七个用食盐二钱同炒，七个用萝卜子二钱半同炒，七个用巴豆十四个同炒，七个用斑蝥十四
个（去头、足）同炒。拣去萝卜子、巴豆、斑蝥三味不用。入青木香五钱，南木香、官桂各
二
钱半，为末，酒煮面糊丸梧桐子大。每服三十丸，食前用盐汤下，一日三服。脏毒下血∶苦
楝子炒黄为末，蜜丸梧桐子大。米饮每吞十丸至二十丸。（《经验方》）。腹中长虫∶楝实以
淳苦酒渍一宿，绵裹，塞入谷道中三寸许，日二易之。（《外台秘要》）。
合，捣
为末。每温酒服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
米饮下。（《摘玄方》）。
根及木皮
【气味】苦，微寒，微毒。
大明曰∶雄者根赤有毒，吐泻杀人，不可误服。雌者入服食，每一两可入糯米五十粒同
煎，杀毒。若泻者，以冷粥止之。不泻者，以热葱粥发之。
【主治】蛔虫，利大肠（《别录》）。苦酒和，涂疥癣甚良（弘景）。治游风热毒，风疹恶
疮疥癞，小儿壮热，并煎汤浸洗（大明）。
【附方】旧四，新六。
消渴有虫∶苦楝根白皮一握切焙，入麝香少许，水二碗，煎至一碗，空心饮之，虽困顿
不妨。下虫如蛔而红色，其渴自止。消渴有虫，人所不知。（洪迈《夷坚志》）
小儿蛔虫∶楝木皮削去苍皮，水煮汁，量大小饮之。
《斗门方》∶用为末，米饮服二钱。《集简方》∶用根皮，同鸡卵煮熟，空心食之。次日
虫
。《简便方》∶用楝根白皮（去粗）二斤切，水一斗，煮取汁三升，沙锅熬成膏。五更初，温
酒服一匙，以虫下为度。
小儿诸疮∶恶疮、秃疮、蠼 疮、浸淫疮，并宜楝树皮或枝烧灰敷之。干者猪脂调。（《千
金方》）。
口中 疮∶东行楝根细锉，水煮浓汁，日日含漱，吐去勿咽。（《肘后方》）。
蜈蚣蜂伤∶楝树枝、叶汁，涂之良。（杨起《简便方》）。
疥疮风虫∶楝根皮、皂角（去皮、子）等分。为末。猪脂调涂。（《奇效方》）
花
【主治】热痱，焙末掺之。铺席下，杀蚤、虱（时珍）。
叶
【主治】疝入囊痛，临发时煎酒饮（时珍）。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】苦楝（出自《本草图经》），它的正式名称是金铃子。
李时珍说：查阅罗愿的《尔雅翼》记载：楝树的叶子可以用来漂洗丝织品，所以称为楝树。它的果实像小铃铛，成熟后呈黄色。
名字叫“金铃”，是因为形状相似。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：楝树的果实生长在荆山山谷中。
陶弘景说：各地都有生长。民间习俗在五月五日采摘叶子佩戴在身上，说是可以辟除邪气。
苏恭说：这种树有雌雄两种：雄树不结果实，根部呈红色且有剧毒，服用后会使人呕吐不止，有时甚至导致死亡；雌树结出果实，根部呈白色，毒性轻微。入药应当使用雌树的果实。
苏颂说：楝树的果实以四川产的最好。树木高达一丈多，叶子茂密像槐树但更长。三、四月开花，花色红紫，香气充满庭院。果实像弹丸一样，青色未熟，黄色已熟，十二月采集。采集根部没有固定时间。
李时珍说：楝树生长非常快，三五年就可以用作房梁椽子。它的果实正像圆枣，以四川产的为优良。王祯《农书》提到有人吃它的果实。应劭《风俗通》提到神兽獬豸吃它的叶子。宗懔《岁时记》提到蛟龙畏惧楝树，所以在端午节用叶子包裹粽子投入江中祭祀屈原。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是采得后晒干，用酒拌匀使其透彻，蒸至外皮变软，刮去外皮，取果肉并去掉果核使用。凡是用果肉就不用果核，用果核就不用果肉。如果使用果核，需捣碎，用米浆水煮一个时辰（约两小时），然后晒干。楝树的花掉落结出的果实，称为石茱萸，不入药用。
【气味】味苦，性寒，有小毒。
张元素说：味酸、苦，性平。属于阴中之阳。
李时珍说：用酒煮制，就是利用热性来制约其寒性（寒因热用）。茴香作为引经药。
【主治】治疗温病伤寒，高热烦躁狂乱，杀灭寄生虫，治疗疥疮和溃疡，通利小便水道（出自《神农本草经》）。主治体内大热狂躁，心神失守导致的烦躁闷乱，煎汤洗澡，不内服（甄权）。入心和小肠经，停止上下腹部的疼痛（李杲）。泻膀胱湿热（寇宗奭）。治疗各种疝气、虫积和痔疮（李时珍）。
【发明】张元素说：热厥引起的突发剧痛，非此药不能消除。
李时珍说：楝树果实能引导小肠、膀胱的热邪下行，进而引导心包相火下行，因此是治疗心腹痛及疝气的要药。甄权却说它不用于汤剂内服，那么《神农本草经》为什么会有治疗热狂、通利小便的记载呢？近世治疗疝气的方子，有四治、五治、七治等各种方法，这大概是配伍巧妙罢了。
【附方】旧方三个，新方八个。
热厥心痛，发作或停止，身体发热脚部发冷，久治不愈者：先艾灸太溪穴、昆仑穴，引导热邪下行。内服金铃散：用金铃子、玄胡索各一两，研成粉末。每次服用三钱，用温酒调服。（洁古《活法机要》）。小儿冷疝气痛，阴囊浮肿：金铃子（去核）五钱，吴茱萸二钱半，研成粉末，用酒糊做成黍米大小的丸药。每次用盐汤送服二三十丸。（《全幼心鉴》）。
[此处原文似有缺漏或排版错误，接上文应为治疗某种疝痛的方子]：楝树皮（去粗皮），巴豆二百个（轻微打破），用面粉二升，同放在铜锅裡炒至金铃子变红为止，去掉巴豆和面粉，只留处理过的金铃子研末。每次服用三钱，用热酒或醋汤调服。另一方案：加入炒过的盐茴香半两。（《经验方》）。
疝气肿痛：《澹寮方》楝实丸：治疗睾丸偏坠肿胀，疼痛难忍。用川楝子肉五两，分成五分：一两用破故纸二钱炒黄，一两用小茴香三钱、食盐半钱同炒，一两用莱菔子一钱同炒，一两用牵牛子三钱同炒，一两用斑蝥七枚（去掉头、足）同炒。拣去食盐、莱菔子、牵牛子、斑蝥，只留下破故纸、茴香，共同研成粉末，用酒打面糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次空腹用酒送服五十丸。《得效方》楝实丸：治疗各种疝气肿痛，效果显著。用川楝子（酒润后取肉）一斤，分成四分：四两用小麦一合、斑蝥四十九个，同炒熟，去掉斑蝥；四两用小麦一合、巴豆四十九枚，同炒熟，去掉巴豆；四两用小麦一合、巴戟天肉一两，同炒熟，去掉巴戟天；四两用小茴香一合、食盐一两，同炒熟，去掉食盐。加入破故纸（酒炒）一两、广木香（不经过火烤）一两，研成粉末，用酒煮面糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用五十丸，空腹用盐汤送服，每日三次。《直指方》楝实丸：治疗外肾肿大，麻木疼痛破裂，以及奔豚疝气。用川楝子四十九个，分成七处切取果肉：七个用小茴香五钱同炒，七个用破故纸二钱半同炒，七个用黑牵牛二钱半同炒，七个用食盐二钱同炒，七个用萝卜子二钱半同炒，七个用巴豆十四个同炒，七个用斑蝥十四个（去掉头、足）同炒。拣去萝卜子、巴豆、斑蝥这三味不用。加入青木香五钱、南木香、官桂各二钱半，研成粉末，用酒煮面糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三十丸，饭前用盐汤送服，一日三次。脏毒下血：苦楝子炒黄研成粉末，蜂蜜做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次用米饮吞服十丸至二十丸。（《经验方》）。腹中长虫：楝树果实用浓醋浸泡一夜，用绵布包裹，塞入肛门约三寸深，每天更换两次。（《外台秘要》）。
[此处原文似有缺漏]：合，捣成粉末。每次用温酒服用一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
米饮下。（《摘玄方》）。
根及木皮
【气味】味苦，微寒，微毒。
孟诜说：雄树根部呈红色有毒，引起吐泻可致人死亡，不可误服。雌树可用于食疗，每一两可加入糯米五十粒同煎，以解毒。如果发生腹泻，用冷粥止泻。如果不腹泻，用热葱粥发汗。
【主治】蛔虫，通利大肠（《名医别录》）。用醋调和，涂抹治疗疥癣效果很好（陶弘景）。治疗游风热毒、风疹恶疮疥癞、小儿高热，均煎汤浸洗（孟诜）。
【附方】旧方四个，新方六个。
消渴症伴有虫：苦楝根白皮一把切碎焙干，加入少许麝香，水两碗，煎至一碗，空腹饮用，即使感到困顿也无妨。排出的虫像蛔虫且呈红色，口渴自然停止。消渴症伴有虫，人们通常不知道。（洪迈《夷坚志》）。
小儿蛔虫：楝树树皮削去苍皮，用水煮汁，根据年龄大小服用。
《斗门方》：研成粉末，用米饮送服二钱。《集简方》：用根皮，同鸡蛋煮熟，空腹食用。第二天虫子就会排出。《简便方》：用楝根白皮（去粗皮）二斤切碎，水一斗，煮取汁液三升，用沙锅熬成膏。五更初，用温酒服一匙，以排出虫子为度。
小儿各种疮疡：恶疮、秃疮、蠼螋疮、浸淫疮，都适宜将楝树树皮或树枝烧成灰敷贴。干燥的用猪脂调和。（《千金方》）。
口中[溃疡/疮]：向东生长的楝根细锉，用水煮成浓汁，每天含漱，吐出不要咽下。（《肘后方》）。
蜈蚣蜂蜇伤：楝树枝叶汁液，涂抹效果好。（杨起《简便方》）。
疥疮风虫：楝根皮、皂角（去皮、子）等分。研成粉末。猪脂调和涂抹。（《奇效方》）。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Names:** Kulian (*Bencao Tujing*), officially known as Jinlingzi.
Li Shizhen states: According to Luo Yuan's *Erya Yi*, the leaves of the Chinaberry tree can be used for scouring silk, hence the name "Lian". Its fruit resembles a small bell and turns yellow when ripe.
The name "Jinling" (Golden Bell) is derived from its shape.
**Collection and Description:** *Bielu* records that the fruit of the Lian tree grows in the valleys of Mount Jing.
Tao Hongjing states: It grows everywhere. Folk custom dictates wearing its leaves on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month to ward off evil spirits.
Su Gong states: There are two types, male and female: The male produces no fruit; its root is red and highly toxic. Ingestion causes uncontrollable vomiting and sometimes death. The female bears fruit; its root is white and slightly toxic. For medicinal use, the female type should be employed.
Su Song states: The fruit of the Lian tree from Sichuan is superior. The tree grows over one zhang high, with dense leaves resembling those of the locust tree but longer. It flowers in the third and fourth months with fragrant reddish-purple blossoms. The fruit is pellet-sized, green when unripe and yellow when ripe, harvested in the twelfth month. Roots can be harvested at any time.
Li Shizhen states: The Chinaberry tree grows very fast and can be used as roof rafters within three to five years. Its fruit resembles a round date, with those from Sichuan being the best. Wang Zhen's *Nongshu* mentions eating its fruit. Ying Shao's *Fengsu Tong* mentions the mythical beast Xiezhi eating its leaves. Zong Lin's *Sui Shi Ji* states that flood dragons fear the Chinaberry tree, hence during the Dragon Boat Festival, leaves are used to wrap zongzi (sticky rice dumplings) and thrown into the river to sacrifice to Qu Yuan.
**Processing:** Lei Xiao states: After harvesting, dry it. Mix thoroughly with wine, steam until the skin is soft, scrape off the skin, take the flesh, and remove the seed. When using the flesh, do not use the seed; when using the seed, do not use the flesh. If using the seed, crush it, boil in rice slurry for one shichen (two hours), then dry. Flowers that fall and form fruit are called Shizhuyu and are not used medicinally.
**Nature and Flavor:** Bitter, cold, slightly toxic.
Zhang Yuansu states: Sour, bitter, neutral. Yang within Yin.
Li Shizhen states: Boiling with wine utilizes heat to counteract its cold nature (using heat to treat cold). Fennel acts as an guiding herb.
**Indications:** Treats warm diseases and typhoid fever, high fever with restlessness and mania, kills parasites, treats scabies and ulcers, and promotes urination (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats severe internal heat, mania, loss of heart spirit causing irritability and oppression; decoct for bathing, not for internal administration (Zhen Quan). Enters the Heart and Small Intestine meridians, stops abdominal pain in upper and lower regions (Li Gao). Drains damp-heat from the Bladder (Hao Gu). Treats various hernias, parasitic infections, and hemorrhoids (Li Shizhen).
**Elucidation:** Zhang Yuansu states: Sudden severe pain due to heat jue cannot be eliminated without this herb.
Li Shizhen states: Chinaberry fruit guides heat from the Small Intestine and Bladder downward, thereby drawing down the ministerial fire of the Pericardium. Thus, it is a key herb for heart and abdominal pain and hernias. Zhen Quan stated it should not be used in decoctions; then why does *Shennong Bencao Jing* mention treating heat mania and promoting urination? Recent prescriptions for hernias include methods like Si Zhi, Wu Zhi, and Qi Zhi, which are likely due to clever combinations.
**Prescriptions:** Three old, eight new.
For heat jue heart pain, intermittent, with body heat and cold feet, chronic cases: First moxa Taixi (KI3) and Kunlun (BL60) to guide heat downward. Internally administer Jinling San: Use Jinlingzi and Yanhusuo each 1 liang, powder. Take 3 qian per dose, mixed with warm wine. (Jiegu *Huofa Jiyao*). For pediatric cold hernia pain with scrotal edema: Jinlingzi (seed removed) 5 qian, Evodia 2.5 qian, powder. Make pills the size of millet seeds with wine paste. Take 20-30 pills with salt water. (*Quanyou Xinjian*).
[Text fragment]: Bark, 200 Croton seeds (slightly broken), stir-fry with 2 sheng flour in a copper pot until Jinlingzi turns red. Remove Croton and flour, powder the remaining material. Take 3 qian with hot wine or vinegar water. Alternative: Add 0.5 liang of salt-stir-fried fennel. (*Jingyan Fang*).
Hernia swelling and pain: *Danliao Fang* Lianshi Wan: Treats unilateral testicular swelling and unbearable pain. Use 5 liang of Chuanlianzi flesh, divided into five parts: One part stir-fried with 2 qian Psoralea; one part with 3 qian small fennel and 0.5 qian salt; one part with 1 qian radish seed; one part with 3 qian Pharbitis seed; one part with 7 Mylabris (head and feet removed). Discard salt, radish seed, Pharbitis, and Mylabris. Keep Psoralea and fennel, powder them. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds with wine and wheat paste. Take 50 pills on an empty stomach with wine. *Defang Fang* Lianshi Wan: Treats all hernia swelling and pain with great efficacy. Use 1 jin of Chuanlianzi (wine-moistened, flesh taken), divided into four parts: Four liang stir-fried with 1 he of wheat and 49 Mylabris, discard Mylabris; four liang stir-fried with 1 he of wheat and 49 Croton seeds, discard Croton; four liang stir-fried with 1 he of wheat and 1 liang Morinda officinalis flesh, discard Morinda; four liang stir-fried with 1 he of small fennel and 1 liang salt, discard salt. Add 1 liang wine-stir-fried Psoralea and 1 liang Guangmuxiang (not roasted). Powder. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds with wine-wheat paste. Take 50 pills on an empty stomach with salt water, three times daily. *Zhizhi Fang* Lianshi Wan: Treats external genital swelling, numbness, painful rupture, and ben tun hernia. Use 49 Chuanlianzi, cut flesh from seven sections: Seven stir-fried with 5 qian small fennel; seven with 2.5 qian Psoralea; seven with 2.5 qian black Pharbitis; seven with 2 qian salt; seven with 2.5 qian radish seed; seven with 14 Croton seeds; seven with 14 Mylabris (head and feet removed). Discard radish seed, Croton, and Mylabris. Add 5 qian Qingmuxiang, 2.5 qian Nanmuxiang, and 2.5 qian Guigui. Powder. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds with wine-wheat paste. Take 30 pills before meals with salt water, three times daily. Visceral toxin with bloody stool: Stir-fry Kulianzi until yellow, powder. Make honey pills the size of paulownia seeds. Swallow 10-20 pills with rice drink. (*Jingyan Fang*). Long worms in abdomen: Soak Lianshi in strong vinegar overnight, wrap in cotton, insert into anus about 3 cun, change twice daily. (*Waitai Miyao*).
[Fragment]: Combine, pound to powder. Take 1 qian with warm wine. (*Shenghui Fang*).
With rice drink. (*Zhaixuan Fang*).
**Root and Bark**
**Nature and Flavor:** Bitter, slightly cold, slightly toxic.
Meng Shen states: Male roots are red and toxic, causing vomiting and diarrhea leading to death; do not ingest mistakenly. Female roots can be used in food therapy; 1 liang can be decocted with 50 glutinous rice grains to detoxify. If diarrhea occurs, stop it with cold congee. If no diarrhea, induce sweating with hot scallion congee.
**Indications:** Ascaris lumbricoides, promotes large intestine function (*Bielu*). Mixed with vinegar, applied topically for scabies and tinea (Tao Hongjing). Treats wandering wind-heat toxicity, wind rash, malignant sores, scabies, leprosy, and pediatric high fever; decoct for washing (Meng Shen).
**Prescriptions:** Four old, six new.
Xiaoke (wasting-thirst) with worms: A handful of white bark of Kulian root, chopped and dried, add a little musk, decoct in two bowls of water to one bowl. Drink on an empty stomach; fatigue is acceptable. Worms expelled resemble Ascaris and are red; thirst stops naturally. Xiaoke with worms is unknown to many people. (Hong Mai *Yijian Zhi*).
Pediatric Ascaris: Peel off the outer bark of Chinaberry wood, decoct in water, drink according to age.
*Doumen Fang*: Powder, take 2 qian with rice drink. *Jijian Fang*: Use root bark, cook with chicken egg, eat on an empty stomach. Worms expelled the next day. *Jianbian Fang*: Use 2 jin of white root bark (remove coarse skin), chop, decoct in one dou of water to obtain three sheng of juice, simmer in clay pot to make paste. At dawn, take one spoonful with warm wine, until worms are expelled.
Pediatric sores: Malignant sores, bald sores, earwig sores, impetigo, etc., apply ash of Chinaberry bark or branches. Dry form mix with lard. (*Qianjin Fang*).
Mouth [ulcers]: Fine-cut east-growing Chinaberry root, decoct strong juice, gargle daily, spit out do not swallow. (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Centipede and bee stings: Juice of Chinaberry branches and leaves, apply topically. (Yang Qi *Jianbian Fang*).
Scabies and wind-worms: Equal parts Chinaberry root bark and Gleditsia sinensis (de-seeded and de-skinned). Powder. Mix with lard and apply. (*Qixiao Fang*).
**Flower**
**Indications:** Heat prickly heat, roast, powder, and sprinkle. Place under mats to kill fleas and lice (Li Shizhen).
**Leaf**
**Indications:** Hernia pain entering the scrotum, decoct in wine and drink upon onset (Li Shizhen).