（宋《开宝》）
【释名】末药。
时珍曰∶没、末皆梵言。
【集解】志曰∶没药生波斯国。其块大小不定，黑色，似安息香。
颂曰∶今海南诸国及广州或有之。木之根株皆如橄榄，叶青而密。岁久者，则有脂液流
滴在地下，凝结成块，或大或小，亦类安息香。采无时。
曰∶按∶徐表《南州记》云∶是波斯松脂也。状如神
时珍曰∶按∶《一统志》云∶没药树高硕如松，皮浓一、二寸。采时掘树下为坎，用斧
伐其皮
之误尔。所谓神香者，不知何物也？
【修治】同乳香。
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
【主治】破血止痛，疗金疮杖疮，诸恶疮痔漏，猝下血，目中翳晕痛肤赤（《开
破症瘕宿血，损伤瘀血，消肿痛（大明）。心胆虚，肝血不足（好古）。堕胎，及产后心
腹
血气痛，并入丸散服（李 ）。
【发明】权曰∶凡金刃所伤，打损 跌、坠马
调服。推陈致新，能生好血。
急，经络满急故痛且肿。凡打扑 跌，皆伤经络，气血不行，瘀壅作肿痛也。
活血，没药散血，皆能止痛消肿生肌。故二药每每相兼而用。
【附方】旧三，新六。
历节诸风，骨节疼痛，昼夜不止∶没药末半两，虎胫骨（酥炙，为末）三两。每服二钱，
温酒调下。（《图经本草》）
筋骨损伤∶米粉四两（炒黄），入没药、乳香末各半两，酒调成膏，摊贴之。（《御药院
方》）
金刃所伤未透膜者∶乳香、没药各一钱，以童子小便半盏，酒半盏，温化服之。为末亦
可。（《奇效良方》）。
小儿盘肠气痛∶没药、乳香等分。为末。以木香磨水煎沸，调一钱服，立效。（汤氏《婴
孩宝书》）。
妇人腹痛，内伤 刺∶没药末一钱，酒服便止。（《图经本草》）
妇人血晕∶方同上。
产后恶血∶没药、血竭末各一钱，童子小便、温酒各半盏，煎沸服，良久再服。恶血自
下，更不生痛。（《妇人良方》）
女人异疾∶女人月事退出，皆作禽兽之形，欲来伤人。先将绵塞阴户，乃顿服没药末一
两，白汤调下，即愈。（危氏方）
（宋代《开宝本草》记载）
【释名】末药。
李时珍说：没、末都是梵语词汇。
【集解】苏颂说：没药产于波斯国。其块状大小不定，颜色黑色，形状类似安息香。
苏颂又说：现在海南各国及广州等地也有出产。树木的根株都像橄榄树，叶子青翠且茂密。年代久远的树木，会有脂液流淌滴落在地下，凝结成块，或大或小，也类似于安息香。采集没有固定时间。
寇宗奭说：按徐表的《南州记》记载：这是波斯的松脂。形状像神……
李时珍说：按《一统志》记载：没药树高大如松树，树皮厚一至二寸。采集时在树下挖坑，用斧头砍伐树皮……
这是之前的误解罢了。所谓“神香”，不知道是什么东西？
【修治】处理方法同乳香。
【气味】味苦，性平，无毒。
【主治】破血止痛，治疗金刃创伤和杖刑创伤，各种恶疮、痔疮瘘管，突然下血，眼中翳膜、眩晕、疼痛、皮肤发红（《开宝本草》）。破除症瘕积聚和陈旧瘀血，治疗损伤导致的瘀血，消肿止痛（大明）。心胆虚弱，肝血不足（好古）。导致堕胎，以及产后心腹……气血疼痛，都制成丸散服用（李杲）。
【发明】寇权说：凡是金属利器造成的伤害，跌打损伤、坠马等紧急情况，调服。推陈出新，能生成良好的血液。
经络满急所以疼痛且肿胀。凡是跌打损伤，都会损伤经络，气血运行不畅，瘀滞阻塞导致肿痛。
活血，没药散血，都能止痛、消肿、生肌。所以这两种药常常配合使用。
【附方】旧方三个，新方六个。
历节风病，骨节疼痛，昼夜不停：没药末半两，虎胫骨（酥炙后研为末）三两。每次服用二钱，用温酒送服。（《图经本草》）
筋骨损伤：米粉四两（炒黄），加入没药、乳香末各半两，用酒调成膏状，摊贴患处。（《御药院方》）
金刃所伤但未穿透筋膜者：乳香、没药各一钱，用童子小便半盏，酒半盏，温化后服用。研为末也可以。（《奇效良方》）。
小儿盘肠气痛：没药、乳香等分。研为末。用木香磨水煎沸，调服一钱，立即见效。（汤氏《婴孩宝书》）。
妇人腹痛，内伤刺入：没药末一钱，用酒送服即止。（《图经本草》）
妇人血晕：方法同上。
产后恶露不尽：没药、血竭末各一钱，童子小便、温酒各半盏，煎沸后服用，过一会儿再服。恶露自然下行，更不会产生疼痛。（《妇人良方》）
女人怪病：女子月经排出物，都呈现禽兽的形状，想要来伤人。先用绵花塞住阴户，然后顿服没药末一两，用白开水调下，即刻痊愈。（危氏方）
(Recorded in the Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Moyao (Myrrh).
Li Shizhen stated: "Mo" and "Mo" are both Sanskrit terms.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Song stated: Myrrh originates from the Kingdom of Persia. Its lumps vary in size, are black in color, and resemble Benzoin (Anxi Xiang).
Su Song further stated: It is now found in various countries south of the Hainan region and in Guangzhou. The root and trunk of the tree resemble those of an olive tree, with green and dense leaves. In older trees, resin flows and drips onto the ground, congealing into lumps of varying sizes, also resembling Benzoin. There is no fixed time for harvesting.
Kou Zongshi stated: According to Xu Biao's *Nanzhou Ji*: This is Persian pine resin. Its shape resembles...
Li Shizhen stated: According to the *Yitong Zhi*: The Myrrh tree is tall like a pine tree, with bark one or two cun thick. When harvesting, a pit is dug under the tree, and an axe is used to cut the bark...
This was previously misunderstood. As for what is called "Shen Xiang" (Divine Fragrance), it is unknown what substance this refers to.
[Processing] The processing method is the same as that of Frankincense (Ruxiang).
[Flavor and Nature] Bitter, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Breaks blood stasis and relieves pain; treats injuries from metal weapons and beating, various malignant sores, hemorrhoids, and fistulas; sudden lower bleeding; eye opacities, vertigo, pain, and redness of the skin (*Kaibao Bencao*). Resolves masses and accumulations and old blood stasis; treats traumatic blood stasis; reduces swelling and relieves pain (Daming). Treats deficiency of Heart and Gallbladder, and insufficiency of Liver Blood (Haogou). Can cause abortion; treats postpartum Heart and Abdominal Qi and Blood pain; all administered as pills or powders (Li Gao).
[Elucidation] Kou Quan stated: For any injury caused by metal blades, falls, or horse-riding accidents, mix and take orally. It eliminates stale matter and generates new, healthy blood.
When meridians are full and tense, pain and swelling occur. Any fall or trauma damages the meridians, causing Qi and Blood stagnation, leading to swelling and pain due to obstruction.
Frankincense invigorates Blood, while Myrrh disperses Blood; both can relieve pain, reduce swelling, and promote tissue regeneration. Therefore, these two herbs are often used together.
[Attached Prescriptions] Three old prescriptions, six new prescriptions.
For Lijie Wind syndrome with bone and joint pain, ceaseless day and night: Half liang of Myrrh powder, three liang of Tiger Tibia Bone (roasted with butter and powdered). Take two qian each time, mixed with warm wine (*Tujing Bencao*).
For muscle and bone injuries: Four liang of rice flour (stir-fried until yellow), mixed with half liang each of Myrrh and Frankincense powder. Mix with wine to form a paste and apply externally (*Yuyao Yuan Fang*).
For metal weapon injuries not penetrating the fascia: One qian each of Frankincense and Myrrh. Dissolve warmly in half cup of urine from an uncircumcised boy and half cup of wine. Powder form is also acceptable (*Qixiao Liangfang*).
For infant intestinal colic pain: Equal parts of Myrrh and Frankincense. Powder them. Grind Agarwood (Muxiang) in water, boil, mix with one qian of the powder, and administer for immediate effect (*Ying'er Baoshu* by Tang Shi).
For women's abdominal pain due to internal injury/stabbing: One qian of Myrrh powder, taken with wine to stop pain (*Tujing Bencao*).
For women's fainting due to blood disorders: Same prescription as above.
For postpartum retained lochia: One qian each of Myrrh and Dragon's Blood (Xuejie) powder. Boil half cup of urine from an uncircumcised boy and half cup of warm wine, administer, and repeat after some time. Retained lochia will discharge naturally, preventing subsequent pain (*Furen Liangfang*).
For strange diseases in women: When menstrual discharge takes the shape of birds or beasts and seems aggressive, first plug the vagina with cotton, then ingest one liang of Myrrh powder mixed with plain boiled water for immediate cure (Wei Shi's Prescription).