（《本经》上品）
【释名】 。
时珍曰∶许慎《说文》云∶漆本作 ，木汁可以髹物，其字象水滴而下之形也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶干漆生汉中山谷。夏至后采，干之。
弘景曰∶今梁州漆最甚，益州亦有。广州漆性急易燥。其诸处漆桶中自然干者，状如蜂
房孔孔隔者为佳。
保升曰∶漆树高二、三丈余，皮白，叶似椿，花似槐，其子似牛李子，木心黄。六月、
七月刻取滋汁。金州者最善。漆性并急，凡取时须荏油解破，故淳者难得，可重重别制拭之。
上等清漆，色黑如 ，若铁石者好。黄嫩若蜂窠者不佳。颂曰∶今蜀、汉、金、峡、襄、歙
州皆有之。以竹筒钉入木中，取汁。崔豹《古今注》
汁则成漆也。
得阴湿，虽寒月亦易干，亦物之性也。若沾渍人，以油治之。凡验漆，惟稀者以物蘸起，细
而不断，断而急收起；又涂于干竹上，荫之速干者，并佳。
移栽易成，有利。其身如柿，其叶如椿。以金州者为
有云∶微扇光如镜，悬丝急似钩。撼成琥珀色，打着有
而大。六月取汁漆物，黄泽如金，即《唐书》所谓黄漆者也。入药仍当用黑漆。广南漆作饴
糖气，沾沾无力。
干漆
【修治】大明曰∶干漆入药，须捣碎炒熟。不尔，损人肠胃
若是湿漆，煎干更好。亦有烧存性者。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。权曰∶辛、咸。宗 曰∶苦。
元素曰∶辛，平，有毒。降也，阳中阴也。
之才曰∶半夏为之使。畏鸡子，忌油脂。
弘景曰∶生漆毒烈，人以鸡子和服之去虫，犹自啮肠胃也。畏漆人乃致死者。外气亦
能使身肉疮肿，自有疗法。
大明曰∶毒发，饮铁浆并黄栌汁、甘豆汤、吃蟹，并可制之。
时珍曰∶今人货漆多杂桐油，故多毒。《淮南子》云∶蟹见漆而不干。《相感志》云∶漆
得蟹而成水。盖物性相制也。凡人畏漆者，嚼蜀椒涂口鼻则可免。生漆疮者，杉木汤、紫苏
汤、漆姑草汤、蟹汤浴之，皆良。
【主治】绝伤，补中，续筋骨，填髓脑，安五脏，五缓六急，风寒湿痹。生漆∶去长虫。
久服，轻身耐老（《本经》）。干漆∶疗咳嗽，消瘀血痞结腰痛，女子疝瘕，利小肠，去蛔虫
（《别录》）。杀三虫，主女人经脉不通
滞，破日久凝结之瘀血（元素）。
【发明】弘景曰∶《仙方》用蟹消漆为水，炼服长生。《抱朴子》云∶淳漆不粘者，服之
通神长生。或以大蟹投其中，或以云母水，或以玉水合
一年，六甲、行厨至也。
则积滞去后，补性内
时珍曰∶漆性毒而杀虫，降而行血。所主诸症虽繁，其功只在二者而已。
【附方】旧四，新七。
小儿虫病∶胃寒危恶症，与痫相似者。干漆（捣烧烟尽）、白芜荑等分，为末。米饮服
一字至一钱。（杜壬方）。
九种心痛及腹胁积聚滞气∶筒内干漆一两，捣炒烟尽，研末，醋煮面糊丸梧桐子大。每
服五丸至九丸，热酒下。（《简要济众》）
丈夫疝气、小肠气撮痛者，并宜服二圣丸。湿漆一两，熬一食顷，入干漆末一两，和丸梧桐
子大。每服三、四丸，温酒下。怕漆人不可服。（《经验方
治女人月经瘀闭不来，绕脐寒疝痛彻，
炒烟尽），牛膝末一两，以生地黄汁一升，入银、石器中慢熬，俟可丸，丸如梧桐子大。每
服一丸，加至三、五丸，酒、饮任下，以通为度。《产宝方》∶治女
欲呕，不得睡。用当归四钱，干漆三钱（炒烟尽），为末，炼蜜丸梧桐子大。每服十五丸，
空
心温酒下。《千金》∶治女人月水不通，脐下坚如杯，时发热往来，下痢羸瘦
生肉症，不可治也。干漆一斤（烧研），生地黄二十斤（取汁
每
服三丸，空心酒下。
满，盐泥固济，锻赤，放冷研散。每服一、二钱，热酒下。但是产后诸疾皆可服。
经验方》）
子大。每服二七丸，温酒下，日二服。（《千金方》）。
筒吸之。（《圣济总录》）。
十丸至百丸。（《直指方》）。
漆叶
【气味】缺。
【主治】五尸劳疾，杀虫。曝干研末，日用酒服一钱匕（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶《华佗传》载∶彭城樊阿，少师事佗。佗授以漆叶青粘散方，云服之去
三虫，利五脏，轻身益气，使人头不白。阿从其言，年五百余岁。漆叶所在有之。青粘生丰
沛、彭城及朝歌。一名地节，一名黄芝。主理五脏，益精气。本出于迷人入山，见仙人服之，
以告佗。佗以为佳，语阿。阿秘之。近者人见阿之寿而气力强盛，问之。因醉误说，人服多
验。后无复有人识青粘，或云即黄精之正叶者也。
时珍曰∶按∶葛洪《抱朴子》云∶漆叶、青粘，凡薮之草也。樊阿服之，得寿二百岁，
而耳目聪明，犹能持针治病。此近代之实事，良史所记注者也。洪说犹近于理，前言阿年五
百岁者，误也。或云青粘即葳蕤。
漆子
【主治】下血（时珍）。
漆花
【主治】小儿解颅、腹胀、交胫不行方中用之（时珍）。
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【释名】。
李时珍说：许慎在《说文解字》中说：“漆”字的本形，指树木的汁液可以用来髹涂器物，其字形像水滴落下的形状。
【集解】《名医别录》说：干漆产于汉中郡的山谷中。夏至之后采集，晒干制成。
陶弘景说：如今梁州的漆最为丰富，益州也有出产。广州产的漆性质急燥。那些在各处漆桶中自然干燥的漆，状如蜂巢、孔孔相隔的为佳品。
苏保升说：漆树高二三丈多，树皮白色，叶子像椿树，花像槐树，果实像牛李子，木质中心为黄色。六月、七月刻开树皮收取汁液。金州产的漆最好。漆的性质都急燥，凡是采集时必须用荏油来化解破开，所以纯净的漆很难得到，可以层层另外制作擦拭。上等的清漆，颜色黑得像铁石一样的是好漆；黄嫩像蜂窠的不佳。苏颂说：如今蜀地、汉中、金州、峡州、襄州、歙州都有出产。用竹筒钉入树干中，收取汁液。崔豹《古今注》记载：汁液接触空气后就会变成漆。
遇到阴湿环境，即使在寒冷的月份也容易干燥，这也是事物的本性。如果沾到人的皮肤上，用油来治疗。凡是检验漆，只有稀薄的漆可以用物体蘸起，细而不断，断了能迅速收起；又涂抹在干竹子上，在阴凉处能快速干燥的，都是佳品。
移植容易成活，有利可图。它的树干像柿子树，叶子像椿树。有人说：微风吹拂光泽如镜，悬挂的丝线急弯似钩。摇动变成琥珀色，敲打有声音且个头大。六月收取汁液髹涂器物，色泽金黄，就是《唐书》所说的黄漆。入药仍然应当使用黑漆。广南地区的漆带有饴糖的气味，粘稠无力。
【修治】大明说：干漆入药，必须捣碎炒熟。否则，会损伤人的肠胃。如果是湿漆，煎煮至干更好。也有烧制保留药性的方法。
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。李权说：辛、咸味。陈藏器说：苦味。
李杲（元素）说：辛味，平性，有毒。作用是沉降，属于阳中之阴。
徐之才说：半夏是它的引经药。畏惧鸡蛋，忌食油脂。
陶弘景说：生漆毒性猛烈，人们用鸡蛋调和服用以驱除寄生虫，但漆仍会啃噬肠胃。被漆毒气熏蒸的人甚至会导致死亡。外部的漆气也能使身体肌肉疮肿，自有治疗方法。
孟诜（大明）说：漆毒发作时，饮用铁浆和黄栌汁、甘豆汤、吃螃蟹，都可以制约它。
李时珍说：如今商人售卖的漆多掺杂桐油，所以毒性较大。《淮南子》说：螃蟹见到漆不会变干。《相感志》说：漆遇到螃蟹就化成水。这是物性相互制约的缘故。凡是害怕漆的人，咀嚼蜀椒涂抹口鼻就可以避免。患生漆疮的人，用杉木汤、紫苏汤、漆姑草汤、螃蟹汤洗澡，都很好。
【主治】治疗严重的跌打损伤，补益中气，接续筋骨，填补髓脑，安定五脏，治疗五缓六急证，风寒湿痹。生漆：去除肠道寄生虫。长期服用，能使身体轻盈、延缓衰老（《神农本草经》）。干漆：治疗咳嗽，消除瘀血痞块和腰痛，治疗妇女疝瘕，通利小肠，去除蛔虫（《名医别录》）。杀灭三种寄生虫，主治妇女月经不通畅，破除日久凝结的瘀血（李杲）。
【发明】陶弘景说：《仙方》用螃蟹将漆消解为水，炼制后服用以求长生。《抱朴子》说：纯净不粘腻的漆，服用它可以通神长生。有的将大螃蟹投入漆中，或者用云母水，或者用玉水混合存放一年，达到六甲日或行厨术的要求。
这样积滞去除后，补益的作用就在内部显现。
李时珍说：漆的性质有毒但能杀虫，作用在于沉降和行血。所主治的各种病症虽然繁多，但其功效只在这两个方面而已。
【附方】旧方四个，新方七个。
小儿虫病：表现为胃寒危重恶症，与癫痫相似的。干漆（捣碎烧至烟尽）、白芜荑等分，研为末。米汤送服一字至一钱。（杜壬方）。
九种心痛及腹胁积聚滞气：竹筒内的干漆一两，捣炒至烟尽，研为末，醋煮面糊做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用五丸至九丸，热酒送下。（《简要济众方》）。
男子疝气、小肠气撮痛者，都适宜服用二圣丸。湿漆一两，熬煮一顿饭的时间，加入干漆末一两，和匀做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用三、四丸，温酒送下。怕漆的人不可服用。（《经验方》）。
治疗妇女月经瘀闭不来，绕脐寒疝痛彻，想呕吐，睡不着觉。用当归四钱，干漆三钱（炒至烟尽），研为末，炼蜜做成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次服用十五丸，空腹温酒送下。（《千金方》）。
《产宝方》：治疗妇女月经不通，脐下坚硬如杯，时常发热往来，下痢消瘦，属于难治之症。干漆一斤（烧后研末），生地黄二十斤（取汁），放入银器或石器中慢熬，等到可以丸药时，做成梧桐子大小。每次服用三丸，空腹酒送下。
（另一法）满罐密封，用盐泥加固封固，锻烧至红赤，放冷后研成散剂。每次服用一、二钱，热酒送下。只要是产后各种疾病都可以服用。（《经验方》）。
梧桐子大小。每次服用十四丸，温酒送下，每日两次。（《千金方》）。
用竹筒吸吮。（《圣济总录》）。
十丸至百丸。（《直指方》）。
漆叶
【气味】缺失。
【主治】五种尸劳疾病，杀虫。晒干燥后研为末，每天用酒送服一钱匕（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：《华佗传》记载：彭城人樊阿，年轻时拜华佗为师。华佗传授给他漆叶青粘散的方子，说服用它可以去除三种寄生虫，通利五脏，身体轻盈，益气，使人头发不白。樊阿听从他的话，活了一百多岁（原文误作五百余岁，见下文发明）。漆叶到处都有。青粘生长在丰沛、彭城及朝歌。一名地节，一名黄芝。主要调理五脏，益精气。原本出自盲人进山，看见仙人服用它，告诉华佗。华佗认为很好，告诉了樊阿。樊阿保密。近来人们看到樊阿长寿且气力强盛，询问他。因为醉酒误说，人们服用大多有效。后来再也没有人认识青粘，有人说就是黄精的正叶。
李时珍说：按：葛洪《抱朴子》说：漆叶、青粘，都是山野间的草。樊阿服用它们，活了二百岁，而且耳目聪明，还能持针治病。这是近代的实事，良史所记录的。葛洪的说法还接近事理，前面说樊阿活五百岁的说法，是错误的。有人说青粘就是葳蕤。
漆子
【主治】治疗便血（李时珍）。
漆花
(Superior Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names]
Li Shizhen states: Xu Shen in *Shuowen Jiezi* says: The original form of the character "Qi" (Chinese Lacquer) refers to tree sap that can be used for lacquering objects; its character resembles the shape of water drops falling.
[Collection and Explanation]
*Bencao Bie Lu* (Supplement to Materia Medica) states: Dried Chinese Lacquer is produced in the valleys of Hanzhong Commandery. It is harvested after the Summer Solstice and dried.
Tao Hongjing states: Currently, lacquer from Liangzhou is most abundant, and Yizhou also produces it. Lacquer from Guangzhou has an urgent and drying nature. Those naturally dried in lacquer barrels elsewhere, resembling honeycombs with distinct holes, are considered superior.
Su Baosheng states: The lacquer tree grows two or three zhang high, has white bark, leaves similar to Toona sinensis (Chun tree), flowers similar to Sophora japonica (Huai tree), and fruits similar to Prunus salicina (Plum). The heartwood is yellow. Sap is extracted by carving the bark in June and July. Lacquer from Jinzhou is the best. All lacquers have an urgent nature; when harvesting, Ren oil (from Vitis amurensis seeds) must be used to dissolve and break it down, so pure lacquer is hard to obtain. It can be processed layer by layer separately. Superior clear lacquer is black like ironstone; those that are yellow and tender like honeycombs are inferior. Su Song states: It is now produced in Shu, Hanzhong, Jinzhou, Xiastate, Xiangzhou, and Shexian. Bamboo tubes are nailed into the wood to collect the sap. Cui Bao's *Gujin Zhu* records: The sap turns into lacquer upon exposure to air.
When exposed to dampness, it dries easily even in cold months, which is the nature of the substance. If it stains human skin, treat it with oil. To test lacquer, only thin lacquer can be dipped up with an object; it should be fine and unbroken, and if broken, it gathers quickly. When applied to dry bamboo and dries quickly in the shade, it is excellent.
Transplanting is easy and profitable. Its trunk resembles the persimmon tree, and its leaves resemble the Toona sinensis. Some say: With a slight breeze, it shines like a mirror; hanging silk lines bend sharply like hooks. Shaking it turns it amber-colored, and striking it produces sound and it is large. Sap is taken in June to lacquer objects, appearing golden yellow, which is what the *Book of Tang* calls "Yellow Lacquer." For medicinal use, black lacquer should still be used. Lacquer from Southern Guangdong has the smell of maltose syrup and is viscous but weak.
Dried Chinese Lacquer (Gan Qi)
[Preparation]
Da Ming states: Dried Chinese Lacquer must be crushed and stir-fried before entering medicine. Otherwise, it damages the stomach and intestines. If using wet lacquer, boiling it until dry is better. There are also methods of burning it to retain its properties.
[Flavor and Properties]
Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Li Quan states: Acrid, salty. Zong Lin states: Bitter.
Li Dongyuan (Yuansu) states: Acrid, neutral, toxic. It descends; it is Yin within Yang.
Xu Zhicai states: Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) acts as its guide drug. It is opposed by eggs and avoids greasy foods.
Tao Hongjing states: Raw lacquer is highly toxic. People mix it with eggs to expel parasites, yet the lacquer still gnaws at the stomach and intestines. Exposure to lacquer fumes can cause death. External lacquer vapor can also cause swelling and sores on the body flesh; there are specific treatments for this.
Da Ming states: When lacquer toxicity erupts, drinking iron slurry, juice of Dalbergia odorifera (Hualu), Sweet Bean Soup, or eating crabs can counteract it.
Li Shizhen states: Nowadays, merchants often adulterate lacquer with Tung oil, causing increased toxicity. *Huainanzi* states: Crabs do not dry when they encounter lacquer. *Xianggan Zhi* states: Lacquer becomes water when meeting crabs. This is due to mutual restriction of natures. Anyone afraid of lacquer can chew Sichuan pepper and apply it to the mouth and nose to avoid it. For those suffering from raw lacquer dermatitis, bathing in Fir decoction, Perilla decoction, Phyllanthus urinaria decoction, or Crab decoction is effective.
[Indications]
Treats severe injuries, tonifies the middle, reconnects bones and tendons, fills marrow and brain, calms the five Zang organs, treats the Five Laxities and Six Urgencies syndromes, and Wind-Cold-Damp Bi syndrome. Raw Lacquer: Expels long worms. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Dried Chinese Lacquer: Treats cough, dissipates blood stasis, epigastric masses, and lower back pain; treats women's hernia and fibroids; promotes urination via the Small Intestine; expels roundworms (*Bencao Bie Lu*). Kills three types of parasites; primarily treats menstrual obstruction in women; breaks up long-standing congealed blood stasis (Li Dongyuan).
[Elucidation]
Tao Hongjing states: *Xian Fang* uses crabs to dissolve lacquer into water, which is refined and consumed for longevity. *Baopuzi* states: Pure, non-sticky lacquer, when consumed, connects one to the divine spirit and ensures longevity. Some throw large crabs into it, or mix with Cloud Mother Water or Jade Water, storing for one year, achieving the state of the Six Jia days or the Moving Kitchen technique.
Thus, after accumulated stagnation is removed, the tonifying effect manifests internally.
Li Shizhen states: Lacquer is toxic but kills parasites; its action is descending and promoting blood circulation. Although it treats many conditions, its efficacy lies only in these two aspects.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four old prescriptions, seven new ones.
Pediatric Parasitic Disease: Presents as critical stomach-cold symptoms resembling epilepsy. Dried Chinese Lacquer (crushed and burned until smoke ceases) and Bai Wuyi (Meliae Semen) in equal parts, ground into powder. Take one qian to one zi with rice drink (Du Ren Formula).
Nine Types of Heartache and Abdominal/Hypochondriac Accumulation/Stagnant Qi: Gan Qi from bamboo tubes, 1 liang, crushed, stir-fried until smoke ceases, ground into powder. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds using vinegar-boiled wheat paste. Take 5-9 pills with hot wine (*Jianyao Jizhong Fang*).
Male Hernia and Small Intestine Qi pulling pain: Both are suitable for Er Sheng Wan. Wet lacquer 1 liang, boiled for the duration of a meal, mixed with 1 liang of Dried Chinese Lacquer powder. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 3-4 pills with warm wine. Those allergic to lacquer should not take it (*Jingyan Fang*).
Treating women's menstrual stasis obstruction, cold hernia pain around the navel radiating through, nausea, and insomnia. Dang Gui 4 qian, Dried Chinese Lacquer 3 qian (stir-fried until smoke ceases), ground into powder. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds with refined honey. Take 15 pills with warm wine on an empty stomach (*Qianjin Fang*).
*Chanbao Fang*: Treats women's amenorrhea, hardness below the umbilicus like a cup, alternating fever and chills, dysentery, emaciation, considered incurable. Gan Qi 1 jin (burned and powdered), Sheng Di Huang 20 jin (juice extracted). Slowly boil in silver or earthenware vessels until pillable. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 3 pills initially, increasing to 3-5 pills, with wine or drink as desired, stopping when flow resumes.
(Another method): Fill a container, seal with salt mud, forge until red hot, cool, and grind into powder. Take 1-2 qian with hot wine. Applicable to all postpartum diseases (*Jingyan Fang*).
Pill size of paulownia seeds. Take 14 pills with warm wine, twice daily (*Qianjin Fang*).
Suction with a bamboo tube (*Shengji Zonglu*).
10 to 100 pills (*Zhizhi Fang*).
Lacquer Leaf (Qi Ye)
[Flavor and Properties] Missing.
[Indications] Treats the Five Corpse Labor diseases, kills parasites. Sun-dry, grind into powder, take one qian bi with wine daily (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Su Song states: *Hua Tuo Zhuan* records: Fan A of Pengcheng studied under Hua Tuo in his youth. Hua Tuo taught him the formula for Qiyè Qingzhan San, stating it expels three parasites, benefits the five Zang organs, lightens the body, boosts Qi, and prevents hair whitening. Fan A followed this advice and lived over 100 years (Note: Text mentions 500+ years earlier, corrected here based on context). Qiyè is found everywhere. Qingzhan grows in Fengpei, Pengcheng, and Zhao Ge. Also known as Dijie or Huangzhi. It regulates the five Zang organs and benefits essence and Qi. Originally derived from blind men in mountains seeing immortals consume it, telling Hua Tuo. Hua Tuo thought it excellent and told Fan A. Fan A kept it secret. Recently, people saw Fan A's longevity and strength and asked him. Due to drunken slip of tongue, he revealed it, and many found it effective. Later, no one recognized Qingzhan; some say it is the true leaf of Polygonatum sibiricum (Huangjing).
Li Shizhen states: According to *Baopuzi* by Ge Hong: Qiyè and Qingzhan are grasses of the marshes. Fan A consumed them and lived to 200 years, with sharp eyes and ears, still able to practice acupuncture. This is a recent factual record noted by good historians. Hong's statement is closer to reason; the previous claim of Fan A living 500 years was erroneous. Some say Qingzhan is Ophiopogon japonicus (Weirui).
Lacquer Seed (Qi Zi)
[Indications] Treats bloody stool (Li Shizhen).
Lacquer Flower (Qi Hua)
[Indications] Used in formulas for pediatric cranial fontanelle dehiscence, abdominal distension, and crossed legs inability to walk (Li Shizhen).