（《证类》）
【释名】二气砂。
慎微曰∶《茅亭客话》载∶以灵砂饵胡孙、鹦鹉、鼠、犬等，变其心，辄会人言，丹之
通为灵者。
时珍曰∶此以至阳勾至阴，脱阴反阳，故曰灵砂。
【修治】慎微曰∶灵砂，用水银一两，硫黄六铢，细研炒作青砂头，后入水火既济炉，
抽之如束针纹者，成就也。
时珍曰∶按胡演《丹药秘诀》云∶升灵砂法∶
用新锅安逍遥炉上，蜜揩锅底，文火下烧，入硫黄二两熔化，投水银半斤，以铁匙急搅，
作青砂头。如有焰起，喷醋解之。待汞不见星，取出细研，盛入水火鼎内，盐泥固济，下以
自然火升之，干水十二盏为度，取出如束针纹者，成矣。《庚辛玉册》云∶灵砂者，至神之
物也。硫汞制而成形，谓之丹基。夺天地造化之功，窃阴阳不测之妙。可以变化五行，炼成
九还。
其未升鼎者，谓之青金丹头；已升鼎者，乃曰灵砂。灵砂有三∶以一伏时周天火而成者，
谓之金鼎灵砂；以九度抽添用周天火而成者，谓之九转灵砂；以地数三十日炒炼而成者，谓
之医家老火灵砂。并宜桑灰淋醋煮伏过用，乃良。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】五脏百病，养神安魂魄，益气明目，通血脉，止烦满，益精神，杀精魅恶鬼气。
久服通神明不老，轻身神仙，令人心灵（慎微）。主上盛下虚，痰涎壅盛，头旋吐逆，霍乱
反
胃，心腹冷痛，升降阴阳，既济水火，调和五脏，辅助元气。研末，糯糊为丸，枣汤服，最
能镇坠，神丹也（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶硫黄，阳精也；水银，阴精也。以之相配夫妇之道，纯阴纯阳二体合
璧。故能夺造化之妙，而升降阴阳，既济水火，为扶危拯急之神丹，但不可久服尔。苏东坡
言∶此药治久患反胃，及一切吐逆，小儿惊吐，其效如神，有配合阴阳之妙故也。时珍常以
阴阳水送之，尤妙。
【附方】新七。
伏热吐泻∶阴阳丸∶用硫黄半两，水银一钱，研黑，姜汁糊丸小豆大。三岁三丸，冷水
下；大人三、四十丸。（郑氏《小儿方》）诸般吐逆∶方同上。霍乱吐逆∶不问虚实冷热。
二气散，一名青金丹∶用水银、硫黄等分。研不见星。每服一字至半钱，生姜汤调下。
（钱氏《小儿方》）
脾疼反胃∶灵砂一两，蚌粉一两（同炒赤），丁香、胡椒各四十九粒。为末，自然姜汁
煮，
半夏粉糊丸梧子大。每姜汤下二十丸。（《普济方》）
冷气心痛∶灵砂三分，五灵脂一分。为末，稀糊丸麻子大。每服二十丸，食前石菖蒲、
生姜汤下。（《直指方》）
九窍出血，因暴惊而得，其脉虚者。灵砂三十粒，人参汤下，三服愈。此证不可错认作
血得热则流，妄用凉药误事。（杨仁斋《直指方》）。
养正丹∶又名交泰丹，乃宝林真人谷伯阳方也。却邪辅正，助阳接真。
治元气亏虚，阴邪交荡，上盛下虚，气不升降，呼吸不足，头旋气短，心怯惊悸，虚烦
狂言，盗汗，腹痛腰痛，反胃吐食，霍乱转筋，咳逆。又治中风涎潮，不省人事，阳气欲脱，
四肢厥冷。伤寒阴盛自汗，唇青脉沉。妇人产后月候不匀，带下腹痛。用黑盏一只，入黑铅
熔汁，次下水银，次下朱砂末，炒不见星，少顷乃下硫黄末，急搅。有焰，酒醋解之。取出
研末，糯粉煮糊丸绿豆大。每服二十丸，盐汤下。四味皆等分。此药升降阴阳，既济心肾，
神效。不可具述。（《和济局方》）
（出自《证类本草》）
【释名】二气砂。
慎微说：《茅亭客话》记载：用灵砂喂猴子、鹦鹉、老鼠、狗等动物，能改变它们的心性，使它们突然会讲人话，这是丹道中通达灵性的一种表现。
李时珍说：这是因为此药以纯阳之气牵引纯阴之质，使阴脱去而返归于阳，所以称为灵砂。
【修治】慎微说：制作灵砂，取用水银一两，硫黄六铢，细细研磨并炒制成“青砂头”，然后放入水火既济炉中，经过抽提炼制，直到出现如束针般的纹理，即为成功。
李时珍说：查阅胡演的《丹药秘诀》，其中记载升炼灵砂的方法：
将新锅安置在逍遥炉上，用蜂蜜擦拭锅底，用文火加热烧烫，投入硫黄二两使其熔化，再投入水银半斤，用铁勺快速搅拌，制成青砂头。如果有火焰升起，喷洒醋来化解。待看不到水银的星点光泽后，取出细细研磨，装入水火鼎内，用盐泥密封加固，下面用自然火升炼，以消耗十二盏水为限度，取出若呈现束针状纹理，便成功了。《庚辛玉册》说：灵砂是极神妙的药物。硫和水银经加工而成形，称为丹基。它夺取了天地造化的功效，窃取了阴阳不可测度的奥妙。可以变化五行，炼成九还大丹。
那些未经过鼎炉升炼的，称为青金丹头；已经经过鼎炉升炼的，才叫灵砂。灵砂有三种：用一伏时（约12小时）周天火候炼成的，称为金鼎灵砂；经过九次抽添并用周天火候炼成的，称为九转灵砂；用地数三十日炒炼而成的，称为医家老火灵砂。这些都需要用桑灰淋出的醋煮制伏火后使用，才是良法。
【气味】味甘，性温，无毒。
【主治】五脏百病，养神安魂魄，益气明目，通血脉，止烦闷胀满，益精神，杀精魅恶鬼之气。
长期服用可通神明、不老、轻身成仙，令人心灵手巧（慎微）。主治上盛下虚，痰涎壅盛，头晕呕吐，霍乱反胃，心腹冷痛，升降阴阳，既济水火，调和五脏，辅助元气。研成粉末，用糯米糊做成丸剂，枣汤送服，最能镇坠邪气，是神丹（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：硫黄是阳精；水银是阴精。将它们配合在一起，如同夫妇之道，纯阴与纯阳两种本体合璧。因此能夺取造化的奥妙，升降阴阳，既济水火，成为扶危救急的神丹，只是不可长期服用罢了。苏东坡说：此药治疗久患反胃，以及一切呕吐逆症，小儿惊吐，效果如神，是因为它有配合阴阳的妙处。李时珍常用阴阳水送服，尤其奇妙。
【附方】新收录七首。
伏热吐泻：阴阳丸：用硫黄半两，水银一钱，研磨至黑色，用姜汁调糊做成小豆大小的丸剂。三岁儿童服三丸，冷水送下；成人服三四十丸。（郑氏《小儿方》）
诸般吐逆：方剂同上。
霍乱吐逆：不分虚实冷热。二气散，又名青金丹：用水银、硫黄各等分。研磨至不见星点。每次服一字至半钱，生姜汤调下。（钱氏《小儿方》）
脾疼反胃：灵砂一两，蚌粉一两（同炒至红色），丁香、胡椒各四十九粒。研成粉末，用自然姜汁煮，半夏粉调糊做成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次姜汤送下二十丸。（《普济方》）
冷气心痛：灵砂三分，五灵脂一分。研成粉末，稀糊做成麻子大小的丸剂。每次服二十丸，饭前用石菖蒲、生姜汤送下。（《直指方》）
九窍出血，因突发惊恐所致，脉象虚弱的。灵砂三十粒，人参汤送下，服三次痊愈。此证不可错认作血得热则流，妄用凉药误事。（杨仁斋《直指方》）
养正丹：又名交泰丹，是宝林真人谷伯阳的方子。祛邪辅正，助阳接真。
治疗元气亏虚，阴邪交荡，上盛下虚，气不升降，呼吸不足，头晕气短，心怯惊悸，虚烦狂言，盗汗，腹痛腰痛，反胃吐食，霍乱转筋，咳逆。又治疗中风痰潮，不省人事，阳气欲脱，四肢厥冷。伤寒阴盛自汗，唇青脉沉。妇人产后月经不调，带下腹痛。用黑盏一只，放入黑铅熔化成汁，接着下水银，再下朱砂末，炒至不见星点，片刻后再下硫黄末，快速搅拌。有火焰升起时，用酒醋化解。取出研成粉末，用糯粉煮糊做成绿豆大小的丸剂。每次服二十丸，盐汤送下。四味药材皆等分。此药升降阴阳，既济心肾，神效。无法详尽叙述。（《和济局方》）
(From *Zhenglei Bencao*)
[Names] Erqi Sha (Two-Qi Cinnabar).
Shen Wei stated: *Maoting Kehua* records that feeding monkeys, parrots, rats, dogs, etc., with Lingsha can alter their nature, causing them to suddenly speak human language. This is considered a manifestation of spiritual attainment in alchemy.
Li Shizhen stated: This is because it uses extreme Yang to draw out extreme Yin, shedding the Yin and returning to Yang; hence it is called Lingsha.
[Preparation] Shen Wei stated: To prepare Lingsha, take one tael of Mercury (Hydrargyrum) and six zhu of Sulfur. Grind them finely and stir-fry until they form "Qingsha Tou" (Green Sand Head). Then place them in a furnace for the mutual completion of Water and Fire. When the substance exhibits textures resembling bundled needles, the preparation is complete.
Li Shizhen stated: According to Hu Yan's *Dan Yao Mi Jue*, the method for sublimating Lingsha is as follows:
Place a new pot on a Xiaoyao furnace. Wipe the bottom of the pot with honey and heat gently over a mild fire. Add two taels of Sulfur and melt it. Throw in half a jin of Mercury and stir rapidly with an iron spoon to form Qingsha Tou. If flames arise, spray vinegar to extinguish them. Once the mercury no longer shows star-like gleams, remove it, grind it finely, and place it in a Shuihuo Ding (Water-Fire Cauldron). Seal the cauldron tightly with salt mud. Heat from below using natural fire until twelve lamps' worth of water has evaporated. If the resulting product shows bundled-needle textures, it is successful. *Gengxin Yuce* states: Lingsha is a divine substance. Sulfur and Mercury are processed into form, known as the Dan Ji (Cinnabar Base). It usurps the creative power of Heaven and Earth and steals the unfathomable mysteries of Yin and Yang. It can transform the Five Elements and refine into the Nine-Return Elixir.
Those not yet sublimated in the cauldron are called Qingjin Dan Tou (Green Gold Elixir Head); those already sublimated are called Lingsha. There are three types of Lingsha: One formed by Zhou Tian fire (circulation of celestial fire) within one Fu period (approx. 12 hours) is called Jinding Lingsha (Golden Cauldron Lingsha); one formed by nine cycles of addition/subtraction using Zhou Tian fire is called Jiuzhuan Lingsha (Nine-Turn Lingsha); one formed by stir-frying for thirty days according to earthly numbers is called Yijia Laohuo Lingsha (Physician's Old-Fire Lingsha). All should be boiled in vinegar leached from mulberry ash after being "fu" (fixed/stabilized) before use to ensure quality.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats diseases of the five Zang organs and hundred ailments; nourishes the spirit, calms the Hun and Po; tonifies Qi, brightens the eyes, unblocks blood vessels, stops irritability and fullness, benefits the mind and spirit, and eliminates evil spirits and demonic influences.
Long-term consumption promotes spiritual clarity, prevents aging, lightens the body, and leads to immortality, enhancing mental agility (Shen Wei). It treats conditions of excess above and deficiency below, excessive phlegm-saliva, dizziness, vomiting, cholera with regurgitation, cold pain in the heart and abdomen; it regulates the ascending and descending of Yin and Yang, achieves the mutual completion of Water and Fire, harmonizes the five Zang organs, and assists Yuan Qi. Ground into powder, made into pills with glutinous rice paste, and taken with jujube decoction, it has strong sedative properties and is a divine elixir (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: Sulfur is the essence of Yang; Mercury is the essence of Yin. Combining them follows the way of husband and wife, uniting pure Yin and pure Yang bodies. Thus, it can capture the wonders of creation, regulate the ascent and descent of Yin and Yang, achieve the mutual completion of Water and Fire, and serve as a divine elixir for rescuing critical conditions. However, it should not be taken for long periods. Su Dongpo said: This medicine treats chronic regurgitation and all forms of vomiting and reverse flow, as well as infantile convulsive vomiting, with miraculous effect, due to its subtle coordination of Yin and Yang. Li Shizhen often administered it with Yin-Yang water, which was particularly effective.
[Attached Prescriptions] Seven new prescriptions.
For latent heat causing vomiting and diarrhea: Yinyang Wan (Yin-Yang Pill): Use half a tael of Sulfur and one qian of Mercury. Grind until black. Make pills the size of small beans using ginger juice paste. Children aged three take three pills with cold water; adults take 30-40 pills. (Zheng Shi's *Xiao'er Fang*)
For various types of vomiting and reverse flow: Same prescription as above.
For cholera with vomiting and reverse flow: Regardless of deficiency/excess or cold/heat. Erqi San (Two-Qi Powder), also known as Qingjin Dan: Use equal parts of Mercury and Sulfur. Grind until no star-like particles remain. Take one zi to half a qian each time, mixed with ginger soup. (Qian Shi's *Xiao'er Fang*)
For spleen pain and regurgitation: One tael of Lingsha, one tael of Bifen (Mussel Shell Powder) (stir-fried together until red), forty-nine grains of Dingxiang (Clove), and forty-nine grains of Hujiao (Pepper). Grind into powder. Cook with natural ginger juice. Make pills the size of wutong seeds using Banxia powder paste. Take twenty pills with ginger soup each time. (*Puji Fang*)
For cold qi causing heart pain: Three fen of Lingsha, one fen of Wulingzhi (Trogopterus Dung). Grind into powder. Make pills the size of hemp seeds using thin paste. Take twenty pills each time before meals, washed down with Shichangpu (Acorus) and ginger soup. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
For bleeding from the nine orifices caused by sudden fright, with a deficient pulse: Thirty grains of Lingsha, taken with Ginseng decoction. Cure after three doses. This condition must not be mistaken for blood flowing due to heat; mistakenly using cooling medicines will cause harm. (Yang Renzhai, *Zhizhi Fang*)
Yangzheng Dan (Nourishing Righteousness Elixir): Also known as Jiaotai Dan, this is a formula by Baolin Zhenren Gu Boyang. It expels evil and supports righteousness, aids Yang and connects with truth.
It treats deficiency of Yuan Qi, chaotic interaction of Yin pathogens, excess above and deficiency below, failure of Qi to ascend and descend, insufficient respiration, dizziness and shortness of breath, timidity and palpitations, empty irritability and delirium, night sweats, abdominal and lower back pain, regurgitation and vomiting, cholera with muscle cramps, and coughing/wheezing. It also treats wind-stroke with tidal phlegm, unconsciousness, impending collapse of Yang, and cold extremities. For cold damage with Yin excess and spontaneous sweating, blue lips, and deep pulse. For postpartum women with irregular menstruation, leukorrhea, and abdominal pain. Take one black bowl, melt black lead into liquid, add Mercury, then add Zhusha (Cinnabar) powder, stir-fry until no star-like particles remain. After a moment, add Sulfur powder and stir rapidly. Extinguish flames with wine and vinegar. Remove, grind into powder, and make pills the size of mung beans using glutinous rice flour paste. Take twenty pills each time with salt water. The four ingredients are in equal proportions. This medicine regulates Yin and Yang, achieves the mutual completion of Heart and Kidney, and is extremely effective. Details cannot be fully enumerated. (*Heji Ju Fang*)