（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶此乃熏消牛皮灶上，及烧瓦窑上黑土也。
【主治】头疮白秃，疥疮风癣，痒痛流水，取牛皮灶岸为末，麻油调涂。或和轻粉少许
（时珍）。
【附方】新三。
牛皮血癣∶烟胶三钱，寒水石三钱，白矾二钱，花椒一钱半。为末，腊猪脂调搽。（《积
德堂方》）
消渴引饮∶瓦窑突上黑煤，干似铁屎者，半斤。为末，入生姜四两，同捣，绢袋盛，水
五升浸汁，每饮五合。（《圣济录》）
胞衣不下∶灶突后黑土三指撮，五更酒下。（陈藏器）
（宋《开宝》）
【释名】乌金（《纲目》）、陈玄（《纲目》）、玄香（《纲目》）、乌玉 。
时珍曰∶古者以黑土为墨，故字从黑土。许慎《说文》云∶墨，烟煤所成，土之类也，
故从黑土。刘熙《释名》云∶墨者，晦也。
【集解】宗 曰∶墨，松之烟也。世有以粟草灰伪为者，不可用；须松烟墨方可入药，
唯远烟细者为佳，粗者不可用。今高丽国所 墨于中国，不知何物合，不宜入药。 延有石
油，其烟甚浓，其煤可为墨，黑光如漆，不可入药。
时珍曰∶上墨，以松烟用 皮汁解胶和造，或加香药等物。今人多以窑突中墨烟，再三
以麻油入内，用火烧过造墨，谓之墨烟；墨光虽黑，而非松烟矣，用者详之。石墨见石炭下。
乌贼鱼腹中有墨，马之宝墨，各见本条。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】止血，生肌肤，合金疮，治产后血运，崩中猝下血，醋磨服之。又止血痢，及
小儿客忤，捣筛温水服之。又眯目物芒入目，点摩瞳子上（《开宝》）。利小便，通月经，治
痈肿（时珍）。
【发明】震亨曰∶墨属金而有火，入药甚健，性又能止血。
【附方】旧十，新六。
吐血不止∶金墨磨汁，同莱菔汁饮。或生地黄汁亦可。（《集简方》）
衄血不止，眩冒欲死∶浓墨汁滴入鼻中。（《梅师方》）
热病衄血出数升者∶取好墨为末，鸡子白丸梧子大。用生地黄汁下一、二十丸，少顷再
服，仍以葱汁磨墨，滴入鼻内，即止。（《外台秘要》）
大小便血∶好墨细末二钱，阿胶化汤调服。热多者尤相宜。（寇氏《本草衍义》）
猝淋不通∶好墨（烧）一两，为末。每服一字，温水服之。（《普济方》）
赤白下痢∶姜墨丸∶用干姜、好墨各五两。为末，醋浆和丸梧子大。
每服三、四十丸，米饮下，日夜六、七服，愈。（《肘后方》）
崩中漏下，青黄赤白，使人无子∶好墨一钱，水服，日二服。（《肘后方》）
堕胎血溢不止。墨三两（火烧醋淬三次，出火毒），没药一两。为末。每服二钱，醋汤
下。
（《普济方》）
妇人难产∶墨一寸，末之，水服立产。（《肘后方》）
胎死腹中∶新汲水磨金墨，服之。（《普济方》）
胞衣不出，痛引腰脊∶好墨，温酒服二钱。（《肘后方》）
痈肿发背∶醋磨浓墨涂四围，中以猪胆汁涂之，干又上，一夜即消。（赵氏方）
客忤中恶∶多于道间、门外得之，令人心腹绞痛，胀满，气冲心胸，不即治杀人。捣墨，
水和服二钱。（《肘后方》）
飞丝入目∶磨浓墨点之，即出。（《千金方》）
尘物入目∶方同上。
产后血运，心闷气绝∶以丈夫小便研浓墨一升服。（《子母秘录》）
【《本草纲目》】
【集解】李时珍说：这是从熏制牛皮的灶台以及烧瓦窑的烟囱上收集的黑土。
【主治】头部的白秃疮、疥疮和风癣，伴有瘙痒疼痛且流水的症状。取牛皮灶壁上的烟胶研成粉末，用麻油调和后涂抹。或者加入少许轻粉（李时珍）。
【附方】新收录三方。
牛皮血癣：烟胶三钱，寒水石三钱，白矾二钱，花椒一钱半。研成粉末，用腊月猪脂调和涂抹。（出自《积德堂方》）
消渴引饮（口渴多饮）：取瓦窑烟囱口上的黑煤，干燥如铁屎状的，半斤。研成粉末，加入生姜四两，一同捣碎，装入绢袋中，用五升水浸泡取汁，每次饮用五合。（出自《圣济录》）
胞衣不下（胎盘滞留）：灶突（烟囱）后面的黑土三指撮，在五更天用酒送服。（陈藏器）
（宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】乌金（《本草纲目》）、陈玄（《本草纲目》）、玄香（《本草纲目》）、乌玉。
李时珍说：古代用黑土制作墨，所以“墨”字由“黑”和“土”组成。许慎在《说文解字》中说：“墨，是由烟煤形成的，属于土类，”所以字形从黑土。刘熙在《释名》中说：“墨，意为晦暗。”
【集解】苏颂说：墨，是松树的烟灰。世间有用粟草灰伪造的，不能使用；必须用松烟墨才能入药，只有远处收集的细烟灰为佳，粗者不可用。如今高丽国传入中国的墨，不知是用什么混合制成的，不宜入药。延州有石油，其烟很浓，其煤可制成墨，黑亮如漆，但不能入药。
李时珍说：上述墨，是用松烟配合皮汁溶解胶并制造，或者添加香料等物。现在的人多用窑突中的墨烟，再三加入麻油，用火烧烤后造墨，称为墨烟；这种墨虽然黑亮，但已经不是松烟了，使用者需仔细辨别。石墨见石炭条下。乌贼鱼腹中有墨，马的宝墨，各见本条。
【主治】止血，促进肌肉生长，愈合金创（金属利器造成的伤口），治疗产后血晕，崩中突然大量出血，用醋磨汁服用。又能止血痢，以及小儿客忤（因惊吓或邪气引起的急症），捣筛后用温水送服。又能治疗异物芒刺入眼，点摩瞳子上（出自《开宝本草》）。通利小便，通调月经，治疗痈肿（李时珍）。
【发明】朱震亨说：墨属金而含火，入药效果很强，性质又能止血。
【附方】旧方十首，新方六首。
吐血不止：将金墨磨成汁，同莱菔汁一起饮用。或者用生地黄汁也可以。（出自《集简方》）
鼻衄不止，头晕目眩欲死：将浓墨汁滴入鼻中。（出自《梅师方》）
热病导致鼻衄出血数升者：取优质墨研成粉末，用鸡蛋清做成梧桐子大小的丸剂。用生地黄汁送下一二十丸，过一会儿再服，仍用葱汁磨墨，滴入鼻内，即可止血。（出自《外台秘要》）
大小便出血：优质墨细末二钱，阿胶化汤调服。热象重者尤为适宜。（寇氏《本草衍义》）
猝然淋证不通：优质墨（烧）一两，研成粉末。每次服用一字量，用温水送服。（出自《普济方》）
赤白下痢（痢疾）：姜墨丸：用干姜、优质墨各五两。研成粉末，用醋浆调和做成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用三四十丸，米饮送下，日夜服用六七次，痊愈。（出自《肘后方》）
崩中漏下，青黄赤白带下，导致不孕：优质墨一钱，用水送服，每日两次。（出自《肘后方》）
堕胎后血溢不止：墨三两（火烧后醋淬三次，以去火毒），没药一两。研成粉末。每次服用二钱，醋汤送下。（出自《普济方》）
妇人难产：墨一寸，研成粉末，用水送服，立即分娩。（出自《肘后方》）
胎死腹中：新汲水磨金墨，服用。（出自《普济方》）
胞衣不出，疼痛牵引腰脊：优质墨，温酒送服二钱。（出自《肘后方》）
痈肿发背：用醋磨浓墨涂于四周，中间用猪胆汁涂抹，干了再涂，一夜即可消退。（赵氏方）
客忤中恶：多在道路间、门外得之，令人心腹绞痛，胀满，气冲心胸，不立即治疗会杀人。捣墨，和水服用二钱。（出自《肘后方》）
飞丝入目：磨浓墨点之，丝即出。（出自《千金方》）
尘物入目：方法同上。
产后血晕，心闷气绝：用丈夫的小便研磨浓墨一升服用。（出自《子母秘录》）
[Compendium of Materia Medica]
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: This is the black soil collected from the walls of kilns used for smoking cowhide and from the flues of brick-and-tile kilns.
[Therapeutic Actions] For white alopecia capitis (tinea capitis), scabies, and tinea versicolor accompanied by itching, pain, and oozing fluid. Take the soot-gum (Yanjiao) from the cowhide kiln wall, grind it into powder, mix with sesame oil, and apply topically. Alternatively, mix with a small amount of calomel (Qingfen) (Li Shizhen).
[Supplementary Prescriptions] Three new prescriptions.
Cowhide blood tinea: Yanjiao 3 qian, Hanshuishi (Calcitum) 3 qian, Baifan (Alumen) 2 qian, Huajiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus) 1.5 qian. Grind into powder, mix with lard from the twelfth lunar month, and apply externally. (From *Jide Tang Fang*)
Xiaoke yin yin (Polydipsia due to Xiao Ke): Black coal from the flue of a tile kiln, dry and resembling iron slag, half jin. Grind into powder, add four liang of fresh ginger, pound together, place in a silk bag, soak in five sheng of water to extract juice, drink five he each time. (From *Shengji Lu*)
Retention of placenta: A pinch (three fingers' width) of black soil from behind the flue, taken with wine at the fifth watch (early morning). (Chen Zangqi)
[Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*]
[Names] Wujin (Gold Black) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Chenxuan (Dark Mystery) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Xuanxiang (Dark Fragrance) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Wuyu (Black Jade).
Li Shizhen stated: In ancient times, black earth was used to make ink, hence the character 'Mo' consists of 'black' and 'earth'. Xu Shen in *Shuowen Jiezi* said: "Ink is formed from soot, belonging to the earth category," thus the character includes black and earth. Liu Xi in *Shiming* said: "Mo means darkness."
[Collected Explanations] Su Song stated: Ink is the smoke of pine trees. There are fakes made from grain straw ash in the world, which cannot be used; only pine-soot ink can be used for medicine, and the fine soot collected from a distance is best, while coarse soot is unusable. The ink currently imported from Goryeo into China is made of unknown substances and is not suitable for medicinal use. Yanzhou has petroleum; its smoke is very thick, and its coal can be made into ink, which is black and glossy like lacquer, but it cannot be used for medicine.
Li Shizhen stated: The aforementioned inks are made using pine soot mixed with hide glue dissolved in liquid, or with added aromatic herbs. Nowadays, people mostly use soot from kiln flues, repeatedly adding sesame oil and firing it to make ink, called "soot ink"; although this ink is black and shiny, it is no longer pine soot. Users should distinguish carefully. Graphite is described under the entry for Shi Tan (Coal). Ink from the squid (Wuzei Yu) and horse treasure ink (Ma Zhi Bao Mo) are described in their respective entries.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Acrid, warm, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Stops bleeding, promotes tissue regeneration, heals metal wounds, treats postpartum syncope (blood晕), sudden heavy uterine bleeding (Beng Zhong); take vinegar-ground ink orally. Also stops bloody dysentery and pediatric Ke Wu (sudden fright/illness); grind, sieve, and take with warm water. Also treats foreign bodies/thorns entering the eye; apply/massage on the pupil (*Kaibao Bencao*). Promotes urination, regulates menstruation, treats carbuncles and swellings (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Zhu Zhenheng stated: Ink belongs to Metal and contains Fire; it is very potent when used medicinally, and its nature can stop bleeding.
[Supplementary Prescriptions] Ten old prescriptions, six new prescriptions.
Unceasing hematemesis: Grind Jin Mo (Metal Ink) into juice, drink together with Radish Juice. Or use Rehmanniae Radix juice also. (From *Jijian Fang*)
Unceasing epistaxis, dizziness and vertigo nearly causing death: Drip thick ink juice into the nose. (From *Meishi Fang*)
Heat disease causing massive epistaxis (several sheng): Take good quality ink, grind into powder, make pills the size of wutzu (wu-ze seeds) using egg white. Take one or twenty pills with Rehmanniae Radix juice, repeat after a short while. Still, grind ink with green onion juice and drip into the nose, bleeding will stop immediately. (From *Waitai Miyao*)
Hematuria and hematochezia: Two qian of fine powder of good quality ink, taken with decoction of prepared Ejiao (Donkey-hide gelatin). Especially suitable for cases with excess heat. (Kou Zongshi, *Bencao Yan Yi*)
Sudden strangury with obstruction: Good quality ink (burned) one liang, ground into powder. Take one zi dose each time, with warm water. (From *Puji Fang*)
Dysentery with red and white discharge: Jiang Mo Wan (Ginger-Ink Pill): Use dried ginger and good quality ink, five liang each. Grind into powder, mix with vinegar-gruel to make pills the size of wutzu. Take thirty or forty pills each time, with rice drink, six or seven times a day until cured. (From *Zhouhou Fang*)
Metrorrhagia and metrorrhexis, yellow-green-red-white leukorrhea causing infertility: One qian of good quality ink, taken with water, twice daily. (From *Zhouhou Fang*)
Post-abortion unceasing hemorrhage: Ink three liang (fire-burned and quenched in vinegar three times to remove fire toxicity), Myrrha one liang. Grind into powder. Take two qian each time, with vinegar soup. (From *Puji Fang*)
Difficult labor in women: One cun of ink, ground into powder, taken with water, delivery occurs immediately. (From *Zhouhou Fang*)
Fetus dead in the womb: Grind Jin Mo with newly drawn water, take orally. (From *Puji Fang*)
Retention of placenta, pain radiating to waist and spine: Good quality ink, taken with warm wine, two qian. (From *Zhouhou Fang*)
Carbuncle on back: Grind thick ink with vinegar, apply around the periphery; apply pig bile in the center. Reapply when dry, resolves in one night. (Zhao's Prescription)
Ke Wu Zhong E (Sudden evil invasion): Often contracted on roads or outside doors, causing severe heart and abdominal colic, distension, qi rushing to chest and heart, fatal if not treated promptly. Grind ink, mix with water, take two qian. (From *Zhouhou Fang*)
Flying thread entering the eye: Apply thick ground ink, thread comes out immediately. (From *Qianjin Fang*)
Dust/foreign body entering the eye: Same prescription as above.
Postpartum syncope, chest oppression and breathlessness: Grind thick ink with urine from a healthy man, take one sheng. (From *Zimu Milu*)