（戎、松二音。《拾遗》）
【释名】猱（难逃切）。
时珍曰∶狨毛柔长如绒，可以藉，可以缉，故谓之狨，而猱字亦从柔也。或云生于西戎，
故从戎也。猱古文作 ，象形。今呼长毛狗为猱，取此象。
【集解】藏器曰∶狨生山南山谷中。似猴而大，毛长，黄赤色。人将其皮作鞍褥。时珍
曰∶杨亿《谈苑》云∶狨出川峡深山中。其状大小类猿，长尾作金色，俗名金线狨。轻捷善
缘木，甚爱其尾。人以药矢射之，中毒即自啮其尾也。宋时文武三品以上许用狨座，以其皮
为褥也。
【附录】猿 时珍曰∶ 善援引，故谓之 ，俗作猿。产川、广深山中。似猴而长大，
其臂甚长，能引气，故多寿。或言其通臂者，误矣。臂骨作笛，甚清亮。其色有青、白、玄、
黄、绯数种。其性静而仁慈，好食果实。其居多在林木，能越数丈，着地即泄泻死，惟附子
汁饮之可免。其行多群。其雄善啼，一鸣三声，凄切入人肝脾。范氏《桂海志》云∶猿有
三种∶金丝者，黄色；玉面者，黑色；及身面俱黑者。或云纯黑是牡，金丝是牝；牡能啸，
牝不能也。王济《日询记》云∶广人言猿初生毛黑而雄，老则变黄，溃去势囊，转雄为雌，
与黑者交而孕。数百岁，黄又变白也。
时珍按∶此说与《列子》 变化为猿，《庄子》 狙以猿为雌之言相合，必不妄也。
独时珍曰∶独，似猿而大，其性独，一鸣即止，能食猿猴。
故谚曰∶独一鸣而猿散。独夫盖取诸此。或云即黄腰也，又见虎下。
肉及血
【气味】缺。
【主治】食之，调五痔病，久坐其皮亦良（藏器）。
脂
【主治】疮、疥，涂之妙（同上）。
（“狨”字读音为戎、松二音。出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】猱（音难逃切）。
李时珍说：狨的毛发柔软细长如同绒絮，可以用来铺垫坐卧，也可以用来缉缝衣物，所以称为狨；而“猱”字也从“柔”得义。有人说它产于西戎地区，所以从“戎”旁。“猱”的古文写作“ ”，是象形字。现在人们把长毛狗称为猱，就是取这个象形的意思。
【集解】陈藏器说：狨生长在山南山谷之中。形状像猴子但体型较大，毛发长，呈黄赤色。人们将它的皮制成马鞍垫褥。李时珍说：杨亿在《谈苑》中记载：狨出产于川峡地区的深山中。其大小形状类似猿猴，尾巴很长且呈金色，俗名叫金线狨。它动作轻捷善于攀爬树木，非常爱惜自己的尾巴。人们用涂有药物的箭矢射杀它，它中毒后就会自己咬断尾巴。宋代规定文武官员三品以上允许使用狨皮座垫，就是用它的皮做褥子。
【附录】猿 李时珍说：猿善于攀援牵引，所以称为猿，俗写为猿。产于四川、广东等地的深山中。形状像猴子但体型较大，手臂特别长，能够运气，所以寿命较长。有人说它能通臂，这是错误的。用它的臂骨制作笛子，声音非常清脆响亮。它的颜色有青、白、黑、黄、绯红等多种。它的性情安静仁慈，喜欢吃果实。它们大多居住在树林中，能跨越数丈的距离，一旦落地就会腹泻而死，只有饮用附子汁才能避免死亡。它们行走时多成群结队。雄性猿善于啼叫，一叫三声，凄惨动人，直入人的肝脾。范氏《桂海志》记载：猿有三种：金丝猿，黄色；玉面猿，黑色；以及全身面部都黑的猿。有人说纯黑的是雄性，金丝色的是雌性；雄性能啸叫，雌性不能。王济《日询记》记载：广东人说猿刚出生时毛色黑且为雄性，年老后变为黄色，溃烂脱落生殖器，由雄变雌，与黑色的猿交配后受孕。活到数百岁后，黄色又变为白色。
李时珍按语：这种说法与《列子》中“ 变化为猿”、《庄子》中“ 狙以猿为雌”的说法相吻合，必定不是妄言。另外有一种动物叫独，形状像猿但体型较大，性情孤僻，一叫就停止，能吃猿猴。所以谚语说：“独一鸣而猿散。”“独夫”这个词大概取自于此。有人说独就是黄腰，又在虎条下见过记载。
肉及血
【气味】缺。
【主治】食用它可以调理五种痔疮病，久坐它的皮也有疗效（陈藏器）。
脂
("Rong" is pronounced as "Rong" or "Song". Cited from *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica].)
[Names] Nao (pronounced like "Nan Tao").
Li Shizhen stated: The hair of Rong is soft and long like down, which can be used for padding or sewing, hence the name Rong; the character Nao also derives its meaning from "soft" (Rou). Some say it originates from the Western Rong regions, hence the radical "Rong". The ancient form of Nao is written as " ", which is an ideogram depicting its shape. Nowadays, people call long-haired dogs "Nao", taking this imagery.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi said: Rong lives in the mountains and valleys south of the mountains. It resembles a monkey but is larger, with long hair that is yellowish-red. People use its skin to make saddle cushions. Li Shizhen said: Yang Yi's *Tan Yan* records that Rong comes from the deep mountains of the Chuanxia region. Its size and shape are similar to apes, with a very long tail that is golden in color, commonly known as Golden Thread Rong. It is agile and good at climbing trees, and values its tail greatly. People shoot it with poisoned arrows; once poisoned, it bites off its own tail. During the Song Dynasty, civil and military officials of the third rank and above were permitted to use Rong seats, using its skin as cushions.
[Appendix] Yuan (Ape) Li Shizhen said: Yuan is good at pulling and supporting itself, hence called Yuan, vulgarly written as Yuan. It is produced in the deep mountains of Sichuan and Guang. It resembles a monkey but is larger, with very long arms capable of regulating Qi, thus living longer. Some claim it has connected arms, which is incorrect. Its arm bones make excellent flutes with clear and bright tones. Its colors include green, white, black, yellow, and crimson. Its nature is quiet and benevolent, fond of eating fruits. It mostly dwells in forests and can leap several zhang; if it touches the ground, it dies from diarrhea, unless treated with Fuzi juice to prevent death. They travel in groups. Male apes are good at crying; their cry consists of three sounds, piercing one's liver and spleen with sorrow. Fan Shi's *Gu Hai Zhi* states there are three types of apes: Golden Wire (yellow); Jade Face (black); and those entirely black on body and face. Some say pure black ones are male, and Golden Wire ones are female; males can howl, females cannot. Wang Ji's *Ri Xun Ji* records that people in Guangzhou say newborn apes are black and male, turning yellow when old, losing their scrotum through ulceration, changing from male to female, and becoming pregnant after mating with black apes. After hundreds of years, the yellow turns white.
Li Shizhen noted: This description aligns with *Liezi*'s account of "changing into apes" and *Zhuangzi*'s mention of "using apes as females," so it must not be false. There is another creature called Du, resembling an ape but larger, with a solitary nature, stopping after one cry, and capable of eating apes. Hence the proverb: "When Du cries once, apes scatter." The term "Du Fu" [solitary man/tyrant] likely derives from this. Some say Du is the Yellow Waist, also mentioned under Tiger.
Meat and Blood
[Properties and Flavors] Missing.
[Indications] Consuming it regulates the five types of hemorrhoids; sitting on its skin for a long time is also beneficial (Chen Zangqi).
Fat
[Indications] Treats sores and scabies; applying it yields wonderful results (ibid.).