（宋《开宝》）
【释名】玳瑁（音代昧，又音毒目）。
时珍曰∶其功解毒，毒物之所 嫉者，故名。
【集解】藏器曰∶玳瑁生岭南海畔山水间。大如扇，似龟，甲中有纹。士良曰∶其身似
龟，首、嘴如鹦鹉。
颂曰∶今广南皆有，龟类也。大者如盘，其腹、背甲皆有红点斑纹。入药须用生者乃灵。
凡遇饮食有毒，则必自摇动，死者则不能，神矣。今人多用杂龟筒作器皿，皆杀取之，又经
煮拍，故生者殊难得。
时珍曰∶按范成大《虞衡志》云∶玳瑁生海洋深处。状如龟鼋，而壳稍长，背有甲十
三片，黑白斑文，相错而成。其裙边有花，缺如锯齿。无足而有四鬣，前长后短，皆有鳞，
斑纹如甲。海人养以盐水，
。但老者甲浓而色明，小者甲薄而色暗。世言鞭血成斑，谬矣。取时必倒悬其身，用滚醋泼
之，则甲逐片应手落下。《南方异物志》云∶大者如 ，背上有鳞
煮柔作器，治以鲛鱼皮，莹以枯木叶，即光辉矣。陆佃云∶玳瑁不再交，望卵影抱，谓之护
卵。
甲
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。宗 曰∶入药用生者，性味全也。既
熟犀义同。
【主治】解岭南百药毒（藏器）。破症结，消痈毒，止惊痫（《日华》）。疗心风，解烦热，
行气血，利大小肠，功与肉同（士良）。磨汁服，解蛊毒，生佩之，
镇心神，急惊客忤，伤寒热结狂言（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶玳瑁解毒清热之功，同于犀角。古方不用，至宋时至宝丹始用之也。
又见鳖甲。
【附方】旧一，新三。
解蛊毒∶生玳瑁磨浓汁，水服一盏即消。（杨氏《产乳》）
预解痘毒∶遇行时服此，未发内消，已发稀少。用生玳瑁、生犀角各磨汁一合，和
温服半合，日三服，最良。（《灵苑方》）
痘疮黑陷∶乃心热血凝也。用生玳瑁、生犀角同磨汁一合，入猪心血少许，紫草汤五匙
，和匀，温服。（闻人规《痘疹论》）
迎风目泪∶乃心肾虚热也。用生玳瑁、羚羊角各一两，石燕子一双，为末。每服一钱，
薄荷汤下，日一服。（《鸿飞集》）
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】诸风毒，逐邪热，去胸膈风痰，行气血，镇心神，利大小肠，通妇人经脉（士
良）。
血
【主治】解诸药毒，刺血饮之（《开宝》）。
【附录】撒八儿 时珍曰∶按∶刘郁《西使记》云∶出西海中。乃玳瑁
吐出，年深结成者，其价如金。伪作者，乃犀牛粪也。窃谓此物贵重如此，
知果是玳瑁遗精否？亦无所询证。姑附于此，以俟博识。
（引自宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】玳瑁（读音为“代昧”，又读作“毒目”）。
李时珍说：它的功效在于解毒，因为毒物所忌惮的，所以得名。
【集解】陈藏器说：玳瑁生长在岭南沿海的山山水水之间。体型大如扇子，形状像龟，背甲中有花纹。苏颂引用士良的话说：它的身体像龟，头部和嘴像鹦鹉。
苏颂说：现在广南各地都有，属于龟类。大的像盘子一样，腹部和背部的甲壳上都有红色的斑点花纹。入药必须使用活体宰杀的才有效力。凡是遇到饮食中有毒素，它就会自己摇动，死了就不能摇动了，真是神奇啊。现在的人多把它和龟筒混合用来制作器皿，都是杀死后取用的，而且经过煮制拍打，所以活体宰杀获取的玳瑁特别难得。
李时珍说：查阅范成大的《虞衡志》记载：玳瑁生活在海洋深处。形状像龟和大鳖，但壳稍长，背部有十三片甲片，黑白斑纹交错而成。裙边有花纹，缺口像锯齿。没有脚但有四根鳍状肢，前长后短，都有鳞片，斑纹如同甲壳。海边人用盐水饲养它。但老年的玳瑁甲壳浓厚且颜色明亮，幼小的玳瑁甲壳薄且颜色暗淡。世人说鞭打出血形成斑纹，这是错误的。捕捉时必须倒悬其身体，用滚热的醋泼洒，甲壳就会一片片应手落下。《南方异物志》记载：大的像[此处原文缺失或模糊，推测指某种大型动物]，背上有鳞片。煮软后制作成器皿，用鲨鱼皮打磨，以枯木叶抛光，就光亮了。陆佃说：玳瑁不再交配，望着卵的影子抱持，称为护卵。
【气味】味甘，性寒，无毒。寇宗奭说：入药要用活体宰杀的，这样性味才完整。煮熟后的犀角义理相同。
【主治】解除岭南地区的各种药物中毒（陈藏器）。破除症结，消散痈毒，止住惊痫（《日华子本草》）。治疗心风，解除烦热，运行气血，通利大小肠，功效与龟肉相同（士良）。磨成汁服用，可解蛊毒；佩戴生玳瑁，可镇安心神，治疗急惊风和客忤，以及伤寒热结导致的胡言乱语（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：玳瑁解毒清热的功效，与犀角相同。古方中不使用，到了宋代在至宝丹中才开始使用它。另外可见于鳖甲条目下。
【附方】旧方一个，新方三个。
解蛊毒：将生玳瑁磨成浓汁，用水送服一盏，蛊毒即刻消除。（杨氏《产乳方》）
预先解除痘毒：遇到流行时服用此方，未发痘者内消，已发痘者稀少。用生玳瑁、生犀角各磨汁一合，混合后温服半合，每日三次，效果最好。（《灵苑方》）
痘疮黑陷：这是心热血凝所致。用生玳瑁、生犀角共同磨汁一合，加入少许猪心血，再兑入紫草汤五匙，混合均匀，温服。（闻人规《痘疹论》）
迎风流泪：这是心肾虚热所致。用生玳瑁、羚羊角各一两，石燕子一双，研为末。每次服用一钱，用薄荷汤送下，每日一次。（《鸿飞集》）
【肉】
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】各种风毒，驱逐邪热，去除胸膈的风痰，运行气血，镇安心神，通利大小肠，通畅妇女经脉（士良）。
【血】
【主治】解除各种药物中毒，刺血饮用（《开宝本草》）。
【附录】撒八儿 [一种珍宝] 李时珍说：按刘郁《西使记》记载：出产于西海之中。是玳瑁吐出的，年代久远凝结而成的，价格如同黄金。伪造品则是犀牛粪。我私下认为此物贵重如此，不知果真是玳瑁遗精吗？也无法询问查证。暂且附记于此，以等待博学之士考证。
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Nomenclature] Dai Mao (Hawksbill Turtle Shell) (pronounced "dai mei", also pronounced "du mu").
Li Shizhen states: Its efficacy lies in detoxification; because poisonous substances fear it, hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Cangqi states: Dai Mao lives in the mountainous and coastal areas of Lingnan. It is as large as a fan, resembles a turtle, and has patterns on its shell. Su Song cites Shi Liang saying: Its body resembles a turtle, with a head and beak like a parrot.
Su Song states: It is now found throughout Guangnan; it belongs to the turtle family. The large ones are plate-sized, with red spotted patterns on both the ventral and dorsal shells. For medicinal use, only those obtained from live animals are effective. Whenever there is poison in food or drink, it will shake itself; if dead, it cannot shake. This is truly miraculous. Nowadays, people often mix it with turtle scutes to make vessels, killing them for this purpose, and then boiling and beating them, so obtaining live-sourced material is particularly difficult.
Li Shizhen states: According to Fan Chengda's *Yu Heng Zhi*: Dai Mao lives in the deep ocean. Its shape is like a turtle or soft-shelled turtle, but the shell is slightly longer. The back has thirteen scutes, with black and white spots interlaced. The marginal scutes have floral patterns with jagged edges. It has no feet but four flippers, anterior long and posterior short, all covered in scales with patterns resembling the shell. Fishermen raise them in saltwater. However, older individuals have thick, bright-colored shells, while younger ones have thin, dull-colored shells. The worldly belief that lashing causes blood to form patterns is erroneous. To harvest, one must suspend the animal upside down and pour boiling vinegar over it, causing the scutes to fall off one by one upon contact. *Nanfang Yi Wu Zhi* records: The large ones are as big as [text missing/obscured], with scales on the back. After boiling until soft, they are made into vessels, polished with shark skin and dried leaves, becoming luminous. Lu Tuoan states: Dai Mao does not mate again; it guards its eggs by embracing their shadows, called "guarding eggs."
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, cold, non-toxic. Kou Zongshi states: For medicinal use, live-sourced material is required to preserve complete flavor and properties. This is analogous to processed Rhinoceros Horn.
[Indications] Resolves various drug poisons in the Lingnan region (Chen Cangqi). Breaks up masses, dissipates carbuncle toxins, and stops convulsions and epilepsy (*Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*). Treats heart wind, relieves irritability and heat, promotes qi and blood circulation, and unblocks the intestines and bladder; its efficacy is similar to that of turtle meat (Shi Liang). Taken as a ground juice, it resolves gu poison; worn as an amulet, it calms the spirit, treating acute convulsions, external pathogenic invasion, and delirious speech due to heat accumulation in typhoid fever (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: The detoxifying and clearing-heat efficacy of Dai Mao is identical to that of Rhinoceros Horn. It was not used in ancient formulas; it began to be used in the Song Dynasty in the *Zhibao Dan* (Precious Treasure Pill). See also under the entry for Bie Jia (Turtle Shell).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, three new prescriptions.
Resolving Gu Poison: Grind fresh Dai Mao into a thick juice, take one cup with water, and the gu poison will immediately dissipate. (Yang Shi *Chan Ru Fang*)
Preemptively Resolving Smallpox Toxin: Take this during epidemics; smallpox will resolve internally before eruption, or if erupted, will be sparse. Grind fresh Dai Mao and fresh Rhinoceros Horn each to obtain one he of juice, mix, and take half a he warm, three times daily. This is most effective. (*Ling Yuan Fang*)
Black Depression of Smallpox Pustules: This is caused by congealed hot blood in the heart. Grind fresh Dai Mao and fresh Rhinoceros Horn together to obtain one he of juice, add a small amount of pig heart blood, five spoonfuls of Purple Gromwell Decoction, mix well, and take warm. (Wenren Gui *Dou Zhen Lun*)
Tearing in Wind: This is caused by deficiency heat in the heart and kidney. Use one liang each of fresh Dai Mao and Antelope Horn, and one pair of Stone Swallow Egg, grind into powder. Take one qian each time, washed down with Mint Decoction, once daily. (*Hong Fei Ji*)
[Meat]
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats various wind toxins, expels evil heat, removes wind-phlegm from the chest and diaphragm, promotes qi and blood circulation, calms the spirit, unblocks the intestines and bladder, and regulates the menses in women (Shi Liang).
[Blood]
[Indications] Resolves various drug poisons; prick the vessel and drink the blood (*Kaibao Bencao*).
[Appendix] Sa Ba Er [a precious substance]. Li Shizhen states: According to Liu Yu's *Xi Shi Ji*, it is produced in the Western Sea. It is excreted by Dai Mao and凝结 (condensed) over many years, with a price equal to gold. Counterfeits are made from rhinoceros feces. I privately wonder if this highly valuable substance is indeed the essence excreted by Dai Mao? There is no way to verify this. I tentatively record it here, awaiting verification by scholars.