（《本经》中品）
【释名】肌石（《别录》）、立制石（《本经》）。
时珍曰∶理石即石膏之顺理而微硬有肌者，故曰理石、肌石。
弘景曰∶《仙经》时须，呼为长理石。石胆，一名立制，此今又名立制，疑必相类。
【集解】《别录》曰∶理石如石膏，顺理而细，生汉中山谷及庐山，采无时。
弘景曰∶汉中属梁州，庐山属青州。今出宁州。俗用亦稀。
恭曰∶此石夹两石间如石脉，打用之，或在土中重叠而生。皮黄赤，肉白，作斜理纹，
全不似石膏。市人或刮削去皮，以代寒水石，并以当 石，并是假伪。今庐山亦无此物，见
出襄州西泛水侧。
宗 曰∶理石如长石。但理石如石膏，顺理而细；其非顺理而细者，为长石。疗体亦不
相远。
时珍曰∶理石，即石膏中之长纹细直如丝而明洁，色带微青者。唐人谓石膏为寒水石，
长石为石膏，故苏恭言其不似石膏也。此石与软石膏一类二色，亦可通用，详石膏下。
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶甘，大寒。之才曰∶滑石为之使，恶麻黄。
【主治】身热，利胃解烦，益精明目，破积聚，去三虫（《本经》）。除营卫中去来大热
结热，解烦毒，止消渴，及中风痿痹（《别录》）。
渍酒服，疗癖，令人肥悦（苏恭）。
【附录】白肌石 《别录》有名未用曰∶味辛，无毒。主强筋骨，止渴不饥，阴热不足。
一名肌石，一名洞石。生广焦国卷山青石间。
时珍曰∶按∶此即理石也，其形、名、气味、主疗皆同。
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）
【释名】肌石（出自《名医别录》）、立制石（出自《神农本草经》）。
李时珍说：理石就是顺着纹理生长且质地略微坚硬、有肌肉状纹理的石膏，所以称为理石、肌石。
陶弘景说：道教仙经中有时称之为长理石。石胆，又名立制，如今又被称为立制，怀疑二者必定相似。
【集解】《名医别录》说：理石像石膏一样，顺着纹理且质地细腻，产于汉中山谷和庐山，采集没有固定时间。
陶弘景说：汉中属于梁州，庐山属于青州。现在出产于宁州。民间使用也很少。
苏恭说：这种石头夹在两块石头中间，像石脉一样，敲打后使用，或者在土中重叠生长。外皮黄红色，肉质白色，呈现斜向纹理，完全不像石膏。市场上有人刮去外皮削制成形，用来代替寒水石，并以此冒充石膏，都是假冒伪劣产品。现在庐山也没有这种东西，只见出产于襄州西面的泛水旁边。
陈藏器说：理石像长石。但理石像石膏，顺着纹理且细腻；那些不顺着纹理且不细腻的，才是长石。治疗功效也不相远。
李时珍说：理石，就是石膏中纹路细长笔直如丝且明亮洁净、颜色略带微青的部分。唐代人把石膏称为寒水石，把长石称为石膏，所以苏恭说它不像石膏。这种石头与软石膏属于同一类但有两种颜色，也可以通用，详见石膏条下。
【气味】辛味，寒性，无毒。《名医别录》说：甘味，大寒。徐之才说：滑石是它的引经药（使药），厌恶麻黄。
【主治】身体发热，通利胃腑解除烦闷，补益精气明亮双目，破除体内积聚，去除三种寄生虫（出自《神农本草经》）。清除营卫之气中往来剧烈的大热结聚之热，解除烦毒，止住消渴症，以及中风导致的痿痹（出自《名医别录》）。
浸泡在酒中服用，治疗癖积，使人身体肥满悦泽（苏恭）。
【附录】白肌石 《名医别录》记载有名但未使用：味辛，无毒。主治强健筋骨，止渴且不感到饥饿，治疗阴热不足。
又名肌石，又名洞石。产于广焦国卷山的青石之间。
李时珍说：按考证：这就是理石，它的形状、名称、气味、主治功效都相同。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Jishi (Muscle Stone) (*Bielu*); Lizhizhi (Lizhi Stone) (*Benjing*).
Shizhen said: Lizhi is Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) that grows along its natural grain and is slightly hard with a muscular texture; hence it is called Lizhi or Jishi.
Hongjing said: In Daoist alchemical texts, it is sometimes referred to as Changlizhi (Long-grain Lizhi). Shidan (Stibnite, 石胆), also known as Lizhi, is now again called Lizhi; I suspect they must be similar.
[Collection of Explanations] *Bielu* states: Lizhi resembles Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏), follows the grain and is fine. It grows in the valleys of Hanzhong and Mount Lu, and can be harvested at any time.
Hongjing said: Hanzhong belongs to Liangzhou, and Mount Lu belongs to Qingzhou. Currently, it is produced in Ningzhou. Its use among common people is rare.
Gong said: This stone lies sandwiched between two other stones like a vein; it is used after being broken off, or it grows in overlapping layers within the soil. The skin is yellowish-red, the flesh is white, showing oblique grain patterns. It looks completely unlike Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏). Merchants sometimes scrape off the skin and shape it to substitute for Hanhuishi (Alumen, 寒水石), or pass it off as Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 石膏); these are all counterfeit. There is no such thing on Mount Lu today; it is seen emerging near Fanshui in the west of Xiangzhou.
Zong said: Lizhi resembles Changshi (Long Stone). However, Lizhi resembles Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) in following the grain and being fine; those that do not follow the grain and are not fine are Changshi. Their therapeutic properties are also not far apart.
Shizhen said: Lizhi refers to the part of Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) where the veins are long, thin, straight like silk, bright, clean, and tinged with slight blue. Tang dynasty people referred to Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) as Hanhuishi (Alumen, 软石膏/寒水石 contextually distinct) and Changshi as Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 石膏), which is why Su Gong stated it does not resemble Shigao. This stone belongs to the same category as Ruan Shigao (Soft Gypsum, 软石膏) but has two colors, and can be used interchangeably; see details under the entry for Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 石膏).
[Flavor and Properties] Acrid, Cold, Non-toxic. *Bielu* states: Sweet, Great Cold. Zhicai said: Talcum (Huashi, 滑石) acts as its guiding herb (Shi, 使); it is incompatible with Ephedra Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄).
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats body heat, benefits the stomach by resolving irritability, nourishes essence and brightens the eyes, breaks up accumulations, and eliminates three types of parasites (*Benjing*). Clears severe heat and stagnation moving through Ying and Wei (Defensive and Nutritive levels); resolves toxic irritability, stops Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst, 消渴), and treats Wind-Stroke with flaccidity and bi-syndrome (*Bielu*).
Soaked in wine and taken orally, it treats Pi Ji (Masses/Fixed Accumulations, 癖) and makes the person plump and radiant (Su Gong).
[Appendix] Baijishi (White Muscle Stone) *Bielu* lists it as "Named but Unused": Acrid, Non-toxic. Strengthens sinews and bones, relieves thirst without causing hunger, treats insufficient Yin-Heat.
Also known as Jishi, also known as Dongshi. Grows among green stones in Juan Mountain, Guangjiao State.
Shizhen said: According to research: This is indeed Lizhi; its shape, name, flavor, and therapeutic actions are identical.