（《拾遗》）
【校正】自菜部移入此。
【释名】蓝菜（《千金》）
【集解】藏器曰∶此是西土蓝也。叶阔可食。
时珍曰∶此亦大叶冬蓝之类也。按胡洽居士云∶河东、陇西羌胡多种食之，汉地少有。
其叶长大而浓，煮食甘美。经冬不死，春亦有英。其花黄，生角结子。其功与蓝相近也。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】久食，大益肾，填髓脑，利五脏六腑，利关节，通经络中结气，去心
下结伏气，明耳目，健人，少睡，益心力，壮筋骨。作菹经宿色黄，和盐食，治黄毒
子
【主治】人多睡（思邈）。
（《本经》中品）
【校正】自菜部移入此。
【释名】时珍曰∶蓼类皆高扬，故字从 ，音料
【集解】《别录》曰∶蓼实生雷泽川泽。
弘景曰∶此类多人所食。有三种∶一是青蓼，人家常用，其叶有圆有尖，以圆者为胜，
所用即此也；一是紫蓼，相似而紫色；一是香蓼，相似而香，并不甚辛，好食。
保升曰∶蓼类甚多，有青蓼、香蓼、水蓼、马蓼、紫蓼、赤蓼、木蓼七种。紫、赤二
蓼，叶
小狭而浓；青、香二蓼，叶亦相似而俱薄；马、水二蓼，叶俱阔大，上有黑点；木蓼，一名
天蓼，蔓生，叶似柘叶。六蓼花皆红白，子皆大如胡麻，赤黑而尖扁；惟木蓼花黄白，子皮
青滑。诸蓼并冬死，惟香蓼宿根重生，可为生菜。
颂曰∶木蓼亦有大小二种，皆蔓生。陶氏以青蓼入药，余亦无用。
《三茅君传》有作白蓼酱方，药谱无白蓼，疑即青蓼也。
宗 曰∶蓼实即草部下品水蓼之子也。彼言水蓼是用茎，此言蓼实是用子也。春初以壶
芦盛水浸湿，高挂火上，日夜使暖，遂生红芽，取为蔬，以备五辛盘。
时珍曰∶韩保升所说甚明。古人种蓼为蔬，收子入药。故《礼记》烹鸡、豚、鱼、鳖，
皆实蓼于其腹中，而和羹脍亦须切蓼也。后世饮食不用，人亦不复栽，惟造酒曲者用其汁耳。
今但以平泽所生香蓼、青蓼、紫蓼为良。
实
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
诜曰∶多食吐水，壅气损阳。
【主治】明目温中，耐风寒，下水气，面目浮肿痈疡（《本经》）。
疡，止霍乱，治小儿头疮（甄权）。
【附方】旧二，新二。
伤寒劳复，因交后卵肿，或缩入腹痛∶蓼子一把。水 汁，饮一升。（《肘后方》）
霍乱烦渴∶蓼子一两，香薷二两。每服二钱，水煎服。（《圣济录》）
小儿头疮∶蓼子为末，蜜和鸡子白同涂之，虫出不作痕。（《药性论》）
蜗牛咬毒，毒行遍身者∶蓼子煎水浸之，立愈。不可近阴，令弱也。（陈藏器《本草》）
苗叶
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
思邈曰∶黄帝云∶食蓼过多，有毒，发心痛。和生鱼食，令人脱气，阴核痛求死。二月
食蓼，伤人肾。扁鹊云∶久食令人寒热，损髓减气少精。妇人月事来时食蓼、蒜，喜为淋。
与大麦面相宜。
【主治】归舌，除大小肠邪气，利中益志（《别录》）。干之酿酒，主风冷，大良（弘景）。
作生菜食，能入腰脚。煮汤捋
脚暴软，赤蓼烧灰淋汁浸之，以桑叶蒸 ，立愈（大明）。杀虫伏砒（时珍）
【附方】旧四，新三。
蓼汁酒，治胃脘冷，不能饮食，耳目不聪明，四肢有气，冬卧足冷∶八月三日取蓼日干，
如五升大，六十把，水六石，煮取一石，去滓，拌米饭，如造酒法，待熟，日饮之。十日后，
目明气壮也。（《千金方》）
肝虚转筋吐泻∶赤蓼茎叶（切）三合。水一盏，酒三合，煎至四合，分二服。（《圣惠方》）
霍乱转筋∶蓼叶一升。水三升，煮取汁二升，入香豉一升，更煮一升半，分三服。（《药
性论》）
夏月 死∶浓煮蓼汁一盏服。（《外台》）
小儿冷痢∶蓼叶，捣汁服。（《千金》）
血气攻心，痛不可忍∶蓼根洗锉，浸酒饮。（《斗门》）
恶犬咬伤∶蓼叶，捣泥敷。（《肘后》）
水蓼
（《唐本草》）
【释名】虞蓼（《尔雅》）、泽蓼。
志曰∶生于浅水泽中，故名水蓼。
时珍曰∶按《尔雅》云∶蔷，虞蓼也。山夹水曰虞。
【集解】恭曰∶水蓼生下湿水旁。叶似马蓼，大于家蓼，茎赤色，水 食之，胜于蓼子。
宗 曰∶水蓼，大概与水荭相似，但枝低耳。今造酒取叶，以水浸汁，和面作曲，亦取
其辛耳。
时珍曰∶此乃水际所生之蓼，叶长五六寸，比水荭叶稍狭，比家蓼叶稍大，而功用仿佛。
故寇氏谓蓼实即水蓼之子者，以此故。
茎叶
【气味】辛，无毒。大明曰∶冷。
【主治】蛇伤，捣敷之。绞汁服之，止蛇毒入腹心闷。又治香港脚肿痛成疮，水煮汁渍捋
之（《唐本》）。
马蓼
（《纲目》）
【释名】大蓼（《纲目》）、墨记草。
时珍曰∶凡物大者，皆以马名之，俗呼大蓼是也。高四五尺，有大、小二种。但每叶中
间有黑迹，如墨点记，故方士呼为墨记草。
【集解】弘景曰∶马蓼生下湿地，茎斑，叶大有黑点。亦有二、三种，其最大者名茏 ，
即水荭也。
茎叶
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
时珍曰∶伏丹砂、雌黄。
【主治】去肠中蛭虫，轻身（《本经》）。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【校正】从蔬菜部移入此处。
【释名】蓝菜（出自《千金方》）
【集解】藏器说：这是西土的蓝菜。叶子宽大可以食用。
时珍说：这也是大叶冬蓝之类。据胡洽居士记载：河东、陇西的羌胡人多种植食用，汉地很少见。
它的叶子长大且浓绿，煮熟后味道甘甜美味。经过冬天不死，春天也会开花。它的花是黄色的，结出角状果实。其功效与蓝菜相近。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】长期食用，大有益于肾脏，填补髓脑，通利五脏六腑，滑利关节，疏通经络中的郁结之气，消除心下的伏气，使耳目明亮，使人精力充沛，减少睡眠需求，增强心力，强壮筋骨。做成腌菜过夜后颜色变黄，加盐食用，可治疗黄毒子病。
【主治】多用于人多睡卧嗜睡的情况（孙思邈）。
（出自《神农本草经》中品）
【校正】从蔬菜部移入此处。
【释名】时珍说：蓼类植物都高高耸立，所以字形从“翏”，读音为“料”。
【集解】《名医别录》说：蓼实生长在雷泽的川泽之中。
弘景说：这类植物很多人食用。有三种：一种是青蓼，人们家常常用，叶子有圆的也有尖的，以圆叶者为优，通常使用的就是这种；一种是紫蓼，形状相似但呈紫色；一种是香蓼，形状相似但有香味，并不很辛辣，适合食用。
保升说：蓼类很多，有青蓼、香蓼、水蓼、马蓼、紫蓼、赤蓼、木蓼七种。紫蓼和赤蓼，叶子小而狭长且浓密；青蓼和香蓼，叶子也相似但都比较薄；马蓼和水蓼，叶子都宽阔巨大，上面有黑点；木蓼，又名天蓼，蔓生，叶子像柘树叶。六种蓼（除木蓼外）的花都是红白色的，种子都像胡麻一样大小，赤黑色且尖扁；只有木蓼的花是黄白色的，种子皮青滑。各种蓼都在冬天枯死，只有香蓼的宿根能重新生长，可以作为生菜食用。
颂说：木蓼也有大、小两种，都是蔓生。陶弘景将青蓼入药，其余都没有药用价值。
《三茅君传》中有制作白蓼酱的方子，但《药谱》中没有白蓼，怀疑就是青蓼。
宗奭说：蓼实就是草部下品水蓼的种子。那里说水蓼是用茎，这里说蓼实是用种子。春初用葫芦盛水浸湿，高挂在火上，日夜使其温暖，于是生出红芽，取来作为蔬菜，用来准备五辛盘。
时珍说：韩保升所说的很清楚。古人种植蓼作为蔬菜，收取种子入药。所以《礼记》中说烹煮鸡、猪、鱼、鳖时，都在其腹中填入蓼，调和羹脍时也需切碎蓼。后世饮食不再使用，人们也不再种植，只有造酒曲的人使用其汁液罢了。现在只以平原沼泽所生的香蓼、青蓼、紫蓼为优良品种。
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
诜说：多吃会呕吐出水，壅滞气机，损伤阳气。
【主治】明目温中，耐受风寒，下行水气，治疗面目浮肿痈疡（《本经》）。
治疗痈疡，止霍乱，治疗小儿头疮（甄权）。
【附方】旧方两个，新方两个。
伤寒劳复，因房事后睾丸肿胀，或缩入腹痛：蓼子一把。用水煎汁，饮用一升。（《肘后备急方》）
霍乱烦渴：蓼子一两，香薷二两。每次服用二钱，水煎服。（《圣济总录》）
小儿头疮：蓼子研末，用蜂蜜和鸡蛋清混合涂抹，虫子爬出后不留疤痕。（《药性论》）
蜗牛咬伤中毒，毒性遍布全身：蓼子煎水浸泡患处，立即痊愈。不可接触阴部，以免导致虚弱。（陈藏器《本草》）
苗叶
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
思邈说：黄帝说：吃蓼过多有毒，引发心痛。与生鱼同食，令人耗气，阴囊疼痛欲死。二月吃蓼，伤害肾脏。扁鹊说：长期食用令人寒热往来，损伤骨髓，减少气少精。妇女月经期间吃蓼、蒜，容易患淋证。与大麦相宜。
【主治】归舌经，清除大小肠邪气，利中焦，益智（《别录》）。晒干酿酒，主治风冷，效果很好（弘景）。
做生菜吃，能作用于腰脚。煮汤擦拭脚部暴软，赤蓼烧成灰淋汁浸泡，用桑叶蒸熏，立即痊愈（大明）。杀虫，抑制砒霜毒性（时珍）。
【附方】旧方四个，新方三个。
蓼汁酒，治疗胃脘寒冷，不能饮食，耳目不聪明，四肢有气感，冬天睡觉脚冷：八月三日采摘蓼晒干，如五升容器容量那么大，六十把，水六石，煮取一石，去渣，拌米饭，按造酒方法发酵，待熟后，每天饮用。十日后，眼睛明亮，气力壮实。（《千金方》）
肝虚转筋吐泻：赤蓼茎叶（切碎）三合。水一盏，酒三合，煎至四合，分两次服用。（《圣惠方》）
霍乱转筋：蓼叶一升。水三升，煮取汁二升，加入香豉一升，再煮至一升半，分三次服用。（《药性论》）
夏季中暑死亡：浓煮蓼汁一盏服用。（《外台秘要》）
小儿冷痢：蓼叶，捣汁服用。（《千金方》）
血气攻心，疼痛难忍：蓼根洗净锉碎，浸酒饮用。（《斗门方》）
恶犬咬伤：蓼叶，捣泥敷贴。（《肘后方》）
水蓼
（出自《唐本草》）
【释名】虞蓼（《尔雅》）、泽蓼。
恭说：生长在浅水泽中，所以叫水蓼。
时珍说：按《尔雅》说：蔷，即虞蓼。山夹水的地方叫虞。
【集解】恭说：水蓼生长在潮湿的水边。叶子像马蓼，比家蓼大，茎是红色的，水煮食用，优于蓼子。
宗奭说：水蓼，大概与水荭相似，只是枝条较低。现在造酒取叶，用水浸汁，和面作曲，也是取其辛辣之性。
时珍说：这是水边生长的蓼，叶子长五六寸，比水荭叶稍窄，比家蓼叶稍大，而功效相似。所以寇宗奭说蓼实就是水蓼的种子，就是这个原因。
茎叶
【气味】味辛，无毒。大明说：性冷。
【主治】蛇伤，捣烂敷贴。绞汁服用，阻止蛇毒进入腹中心闷。又治疗香港脚肿痛成疮，用水煮汁浸泡擦拭（《唐本草》）。
马蓼
（出自《本草纲目》）
【释名】大蓼（《本草纲目》）、墨记草。
时珍说：凡是大物，都用“马”字命名，俗称大蓼就是这样。高四五尺，有大、小两种。只是每片叶子中间有黑迹，像墨点标记，所以方士称为墨记草。
【集解】弘景说：马蓼生长在湿地，茎有斑点，叶子大有黑点。也有二、三种，其中最大的名叫茏蒌，即水荭。
茎叶
【气味】味辛，性温，无毒。
时珍说：能伏制丹砂、雌黄。
【主治】去除肠中蛭虫，轻身（《本经》）。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
[Correction] Transferred from the Vegetable Section.
[Names] Lan Cai (Blue Vegetable) (from *Qianjin Fang* [Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold])
[Collected Explanations] Zangqi said: This is the blue vegetable of the Western regions. The leaves are broad and edible.
Shizhen said: This also belongs to the category of large-leaf winter blue. According to Huqia Jushi: In Hedong and Longxi, Qiang and Hu peoples often plant and eat it, but it is rare in Han lands.
Its leaves are large and thick; when boiled, they taste sweet and delicious. It does not die in winter and flowers again in spring. Its flowers are yellow, producing pod-like fruits. Its efficacy is similar to that of blue vegetable.
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Long-term consumption greatly benefits the Kidneys, fills the marrow and brain, promotes the free flow of Qi in the five zang and six fu organs, lubricates the joints, unblocks stagnant Qi in the meridians, removes stagnant Qi under the heart, brightens the eyes and ears, enhances vitality, reduces the need for sleep, strengthens heart power, and fortifies sinews and bones. When made into pickles and left overnight, the color turns yellow; eaten with salt, it treats "Huangduzi" disease.
[Indications] Used for excessive sleepiness (Sun Simiao).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Divine Farmer's Materia Medica], Middle Grade)
[Correction] Transferred from the Vegetable Section.
[Names] Shizhen said: Plants of the Polygonum genus stand tall and erect, hence the character contains "Liu" (翏), pronounced as "Liao".
[Collected Explanations] *Bielu* [Additional Records] states: Polygonum seeds grow in the rivers and marshes of Leize.
Hongjing said: Many people consume this type. There are three kinds: one is Qing Liao (Green Smartweed), commonly used by households; its leaves are round or pointed, with round-leaved varieties being superior, which is the kind usually used; one is Zi Liao (Purple Smartweed), similar in shape but purple; one is Xiang Liao (Fragrant Smartweed), similar in shape but fragrant, not very pungent, and good for eating.
Baosheng said: There are many types of Polygonum, including Qing Liao, Xiang Liao, Shui Liao (Water Smartweed), Ma Liao (Horse Smartweed), Zi Liao, Chi Liao (Red Smartweed), and Mu Liao (Tree Smartweed), totaling seven types. Zi Liao and Chi Liao have small, narrow, and thick leaves; Qing Liao and Xiang Liao have similar but thinner leaves; Ma Liao and Shui Liao have broad, large leaves with black spots; Mu Liao, also known as Tian Liao, is vining, with leaves resembling those of the Mulberry relative (Zhe). The flowers of the first six types are red and white, and their seeds are large like sesame, reddish-black, and flat-pointed; only Mu Liao has yellow-white flowers and green-smooth-skinned seeds. All Polygonums die in winter, except Xiang Liao whose perennial roots regrow, allowing it to be eaten as a raw vegetable.
Song said: Mu Liao also has large and small varieties, both vining. Tao Hongjing used Qing Liao for medicine, while the others were considered useless.
*Sanmao Jun Zhuan* [Biographies of the Three Mao Lords] mentions a recipe for Bai Liao (White Smartweed) sauce; however, *Yapu* [Record of Medicinal Herbs] does not list Bai Liao, leading to suspicion that it is actually Qing Liao.
Zongshi said: Polygonum seeds are the seeds of Shui Liao (Water Smartweed) listed in the Lower Grade of the Grass section. That text states Shui Liao uses the stem, whereas here Polygonum seeds use the seed. In early spring, water is soaked in a gourd, hung over fire day and night to keep warm, causing red shoots to sprout; these are harvested as vegetables for the Five Pungent Spices plate.
Shizhen said: Han Baosheng’s explanation is very clear. Ancients planted Polygonum as vegetables and harvested seeds for medicine. Thus, *Liji* [Book of Rites] states that when cooking chicken, pork, fish, and eel, Polygonum was stuffed inside them, and minced Polygonum was required for soups and sliced meat. Later generations stopped using it in diet, and people ceased planting it, except for brewers who use its juice. Currently, only Xiang Liao, Qing Liao, and Zi Liao growing in flat marshes are considered superior.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
Shen said: Overconsumption causes vomiting of water, Qi stagnation, and damage to Yang energy.
[Indications] Brightens eyes and warms the middle jiao, increases resistance to wind and cold, directs downward rebellious Water Qi, treats edema of face and eyes, and carbuncles/sores (*Benjing*).
Treats sores, stops cholera-like diarrhea, and treats infantile head sores (Zhen Quan).
[Attached Formulas] Two old formulas, two new formulas.
Shanghan labor recurrence, testicular swelling or retraction into abdomen causing pain after intercourse: One handful of Polygonum seeds. Decoct in water, drink one sheng (*Zhouhou Fang* [Emergency Prescriptions]).
Cholera with irritability and thirst: One liang of Polygonum seeds, two liang of Mosla herb. Take two qian each time, decoct in water and drink (*Shengji Lu* [Records of Sacred Benevolence]).
Infantile head sores: Powder Polygonum seeds, mix with honey and egg white, apply externally. Parasites will emerge without leaving scars (*Yaoxing Lun* [Discussion on Drug Properties]).
Poison from snail bite spreading over the body: Decoct Polygonum seeds in water and soak the affected area; immediate recovery. Do not let it touch the genitals, as it may cause weakness (Chen Zangqi, *Bencao*).
Seedlings and Leaves
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
Simiao said: The Yellow Emperor said: Eating too much Polygonum is toxic and induces heart pain. Eaten with raw fish, it depletes Qi and causes scrotal pain desiring death. Eating Polygonum in the second lunar month damages the Kidneys. Bian Que said: Long-term consumption causes alternating chills and fever, damages marrow, reduces Qi and essence. Women eating Polygonum and garlic during menstruation are prone to strangury. It is compatible with barley.
[Indications] Enters the tongue meridian, eliminates pathogenic factors from the large and small intestines, benefits the middle jiao, and enhances mental clarity (*Bielu*). Dried and brewed into wine, it treats wind-cold and is highly effective (Hongjing).
Eaten as raw vegetables, it affects the waist and legs. Boiled as soup and rubbed on limbs suffering from sudden weakness; ashes of Chi Liao (Red Smartweed) leached in water and soaked, steamed with mulberry leaves, leads to immediate recovery (Daming). Kills parasites and mitigates arsenic toxicity (Shizhen).
[Attached Formulas] Four old formulas, three new formulas.
Polygonum Juice Wine, treating cold epigastrium, inability to eat, dullness of eyes and ears, Qi sensation in limbs, and cold feet in winter: Harvest Polygonum on the third day of the eighth lunar month, dry in sun. For a capacity of five sheng, take sixty bundles. Add six dan of water, boil down to one dan. Remove dregs, mix with rice, ferment like brewing wine. Drink daily once ripe. After ten days, vision clears and Qi strengthens (*Qianjin Fang* [Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold]).
Liver deficiency with spasms, vomiting, and diarrhea: Three he of Chi Liao stems and leaves (chopped). One cup of water, three he of wine, decoct until four he remain. Divide into two doses (*Shenghui Fang* [Holy Benefit Formulas]).
Cholera with spasms: One sheng of Polygonum leaves. Three sheng of water, boil to obtain two sheng of juice. Add one sheng of Fermented Soybean, boil further to one and a half sheng. Divide into three doses (*Yaoxing Lun*).
Summer heatstroke death: Drink one cup of concentrated Polygonum juice (*Waitai Miyao* [Secret Essentials of the Outer Cabinet]).
Pediatric cold dysentery: Polygonum leaves, crush and extract juice, drink (*Qianjin Fang*).
Blood and Qi attacking the heart, unbearable pain: Wash and chop Polygonum roots, soak in wine, drink (*Doumen Fang* [Doumen Formulas]).
Malignant dog bite: Polygonum leaves, crush into paste, apply topically (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Shui Liao (Water Smartweed)
(From *Tang Bencao* [Tang Materia Medica])
[Names] Yuliao (from *Erya*), Zeliao.
Gong said: Grows in shallow water marshes, hence named Water Smartweed.
Shizhen said: According to *Erya*: Qiang is Yuliao. A valley between mountains bordering water is called Yu.
[Collected Explanations] Gong said: Water Smartweed grows in damp watersides. Leaves resemble Horse Smartweed, larger than household Smartweed, stems are red; boiled in water and eaten, it is superior to Polygonum seeds.
Zongshi said: Water Smartweed is generally similar to Alisma, but with lower branches. Now, brewers take leaves, soak in water for juice, mix with flour to make yeast, utilizing its pungency.
Shizhen said: This is Polygonum growing by the water, leaves 5-6 cun long, slightly narrower than Alisma leaves but larger than household Smartweed leaves, with similar efficacy. Hence Kou Zongshi stated that Polygonum seeds are the seeds of Water Smartweed, based on this.
Stems and Leaves
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, non-toxic. Daming said: Cold.
[Indications] Snake bites, crush and apply externally. Extract juice and drink to stop snake venom from entering the heart and chest. Also treats tinea pedis (athlete's foot) swelling and sores; boil in water, extract juice, and soak/rub (*Tang Bencao*).
Ma Liao (Horse Smartweed)
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Daliao (from *Bencao Gangmu*), Mojicao (Ink Mark Grass).
Shizhen said: Large items are often prefixed with "Ma" (Horse); common name Daliao is thus derived. Height 4-5 chi, with large and small varieties. Each leaf has a black mark in the center, like an ink dot, hence Daoists call it Mojicao.
[Collected Explanations] Hongjing said: Horse Smartweed grows in wetlands, stems spotted, leaves large with black spots. There are also two or three subtypes; the largest is named Longlou, which is Alisma.
Stems and Leaves
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, warm, non-toxic.
Shizhen said: Can suppress Cinnabar and Orpiment.
[Indications] Removes leeches from the intestines, lightens the body (*Benjing*).