注见神农名例
立冬之日，菊、卷柏先生时，为阳起石、桑螵蛸。凡十物使，主二百草为之长。
立春之日，木兰、射干先生，为柴胡、半夏使。主头痛四十五节。立夏之日，蜚蠊先生，
为人参、茯苓使。主腹中七节，保神守中。
夏至之日，豕首、茱萸先生，为牡蛎、乌喙使。主四肢三十二节。
立秋之日，白芷、防风先生，为细辛、蜀漆使。主胸背二十四节。
（禹锡曰∶五条出《药对》中，义旨渊深，非俗所究，而是主统之本，故载之。时珍曰∶
此亦《素问》岁物之意，出上古雷公《药对》中，而义不传尔。按杨慎《卮言》云∶白字本
草，相传出自神农。今观其中，如肠鸣幽幽，劳极洒洒，发 仍自还神化。及此五条，文近
《素问》，决非后世医所能为也。此文以立冬日为始，则上古以建子为正也。）
（时珍曰∶《神农古本草》凡三卷，三品共三百六十五种，首有名例数条。至陶氏作《别
录》，乃拆分各部，而三品亦移改，又拆出青葙、赤小豆二条，故有三百六十七种。逮乎唐、
宋，屡经变易，旧制莫考。今又并入已多，故存此目，以备考古云耳。）
（丹砂 云母 玉泉 石钟乳 矾石 硝石 朴硝 滑石 空青 曾青 禹余粮 太一
余粮 白石英 紫石英 五色石脂 菖蒲 菊花 人参 天门冬 甘草 干地黄 术 菟丝
子牛膝 茺蔚子 女萎 防葵 麦门冬 独活 车前子 木香 薯蓣 薏苡仁 泽泻 远
志龙胆 细辛 石斛 巴戟天 白英 白蒿 赤箭 庵 子 菥 子 蓍实 赤芝 黑芝
青芝 白芝 黄芝 紫芝 卷柏 蓝实 蘼芜 黄连 络石 蒺藜子 黄 肉苁蓉
蒲黄 香蒲 续断 漏芦 天名精 决明子 丹参 飞廉 五味子 旋花 兰草
地肤子 景天 茵陈蒿 杜若 沙参 徐长卿 石龙刍 云实 王不留行 牡桂
脂槐实 枸杞 橘柚 柏实 茯苓 榆皮 酸枣 干漆 蔓荆实 辛夷 杜仲 桑上寄
生女贞实 蕤核 藕实茎 大枣 葡萄 蓬 鸡头实 胡麻 麻
瓜子 苦菜 龙骨 麝香 熊脂 白胶 阿胶 石蜜 蜂子 蜜蜡 牡蛎 龟甲 桑螵蛸）
注释参见《神农本草经》的名例部分。
立冬之日，菊和卷柏最先生长（应时而生），此时以阳起石、桑螵蛸为“使”药（引导药或辅助药）。这十种药材作为“使”，统领二百种草药，使其成为主药。
立春之日，木兰和射干最先生长，此时以柴胡、半夏为“使”药。这对应头痛相关的四十五个部位/节段。
立夏之日，蜚蠊（蟑螂）最先出现，此时以人参、茯苓为“使”药。这对应腹中七处关键部位，起到安神守中的作用。
夏至之日，豕首（猪牙皂）、茱萸最先生长，此时以牡蛎、乌喙为“使”药。这对应四肢的三十二个关节。
立秋之日，白芷和防风最先生长，此时以细辛、蜀漆为“使”药。这对应胸背部的二十四个部位/节段。
（陶禹锡说：这五条内容出自《药对》，义理深远，非世俗之人所能探究，但这是统摄药物主治的根本原则，所以记载下来。李时珍说：这也符合《素问》中关于岁物（随季节变化的药物）的含义，出自上古雷公的《药对》，但其深层含义未能流传下来。根据杨慎《卮言》所说，白色的本草书相传出自神农。现在看其中的内容，如“肠鸣幽幽，劳极洒洒，发仍自还神化”以及这五条内容，文风接近《素问》，决不是后世医生所能写出的。这篇文章以立冬日开始，说明上古时期以建子之月（农历十一月）为正月初一。）
（李时珍说：《神农古本草》共有三卷，上、中、下三品共三百六十五种药，开头有名例数条。到了陶弘景编写《名医别录》时，才拆分了各部，并且调整了三品的分类，又拆出了青葙、赤小豆两条，所以变成三百六十七种。到了唐、宋时期，多次经过变动更改，旧的制度已无法考证。现在又合并了许多条目，所以保留这个目录，用来考察古代情况罢了。）
（丹砂 云母 玉泉 石钟乳 矾石 硝石 朴硝 滑石 空青 曾青 禹余粮 太一余粮 白石英 紫石英 五色石脂 菖蒲 菊花 人参 天门冬 甘草 干地黄 术 菟丝子 牛膝 茺蔚子 女萎 防葵 麦门冬 独活 车前子 木香 薯蓣 薏苡仁 泽泻 远志 龙胆 细辛 石斛 巴戟天 白英 白蒿 赤箭 庵闾子 菥蓂子 蓍实 赤芝 黑芝 青芝 白芝 黄芝 紫芝 卷柏 蓝实 蘼芜 黄连 络石 蒺藜子 黄芩 肉苁蓉 蒲黄 香蒲 续断 漏芦 天名精 决明子 丹参 飞廉 五味子 旋花 兰草 地肤子 景天 茵陈蒿 杜若 沙参 徐长卿 石龙刍 云实 王不留行 牡桂 脂含实 枸杞 橘柚 柏实 茯苓 榆皮 酸枣 干漆 蔓荆实 辛夷 杜仲 桑上寄生 女贞实 蕤核 藕实茎 大枣 葡萄 蓬莪术 鸡头实 胡麻 麻瓜子 苦菜 龙骨 麝香 熊脂 白胶 阿胶 石蜜 蜂子 蜜蜡 牡蛎 龟甲 桑螵蛸）
See the "General Principles" section of the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) for notes.
On the day of Li Dong (Start of Winter), Chrysanthemum (*Chrysanthemi Flos*) and Juniper (*Selaginellae Tenuifoliae Herba*) emerge first; in this period, Yangqishi (Yangqi Stone, likely a mineral) and Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case) serve as the "shi" (guiding/auxiliary herbs). These ten substances act as guides, presiding over two hundred grasses, making them primary agents.
On the day of Li Chun (Start of Spring), Magnolia Flower (*Magnoliae Flos*) and Belamcanda Rhizome (*Belamcandae Rhizoma*) emerge first; in this period, Bupleurum Root (*Bupleuri Radix*) and Pinellia Tuber (*Pinelliae Rhizoma*) serve as the "shi". This corresponds to forty-five segments related to headache.
On the day of Li Xia (Start of Summer), Cockroach (*Blattidae*, specifically *Periplanetae Folium* or similar insect parts historically used) appears first; in this period, Ginseng Root (*Ginseng Radix*) and Poria Sclerotium (*Poria*) serve as the "shi". This corresponds to seven key segments in the abdomen, preserving the spirit and maintaining the center.
On the day of Xiazhi (Summer Solstice), Pig Tooth Soap (*Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina* or similar, referred to here as Shishou) and Cornelian Cherry Fruit (*Corni Fructus*) emerge first; in this period, Oyster Shell (*Ostreae Concha*) and Wu Hui (Aconite Lateralis Radix Preparata, specifically toxic forms like Wuhui) serve as the "shi". This corresponds to thirty-two joints of the four limbs.
On the day of Li Qiu (Start of Autumn), Angelica Dahurica Root (*Angelicae Dahuricae Radix*) and Saposhnikovia Root (*Saposhnikoviae Radix*) emerge first; in this period, Asarum Root (*Asari Radix et Rhizoma*) and Shuqi (Sophora Flavescens Root or similar, historically *Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix*) serve as the "shi". This corresponds to twenty-four segments of the chest and back.
(Tao Yuxi stated: "These five entries are from the *Yaodui* (Drug Pairings). Their meaning is profound and not investigated by common people, yet they are the root of comprehensive prescription principles, so I recorded them. Li Shizhen stated: 'This also aligns with the concept of seasonal drugs in the *Suwen* (Basic Questions of the Yellow Emperor). It originates from the ancient Lei Gong’s *Yaodui*, but its deeper meaning was not transmitted. According to Yang Shen’s *Zhiyan*: White-colored materia medica texts are traditionally said to originate from Shennong. Observing the content herein, such as "intestinal murmuring quietly, extreme fatigue causing shivering, hair returning naturally transforming the spirit," and these five entries, the style closely resembles the *Suwen*. It is definitely not something physicians of later generations could have composed. Since this text begins with Li Dong, it indicates that in ancient times, the month of Jianzi (the 11th lunar month) was considered the beginning of the year.)
(Li Shizhen stated: "The *Shennong Ancient Bencao* consisted of three volumes, containing 365 species across the Three Grades (Upper, Middle, Lower), starting with several articles on general principles. When Tao Hongjing compiled the *Bielu* (Additional Records), he split the categories, adjusted the Three Grades, and separated out Qingxiang and Red Adzuki Bean, resulting in 367 species. By the Tang and Song dynasties, frequent changes occurred, and the old system could no longer be verified. Many items have since been merged. Therefore, I retain this catalog to examine ancient practices.")
(Cinnabar, Cloud Mother, Jade Spring, Stalactite, Alum Stone, Niter, Glauber's Salt, Talcum, Azurite, Malachite, Hematite, Taiyi Residual Grain, White Quartz, Purple Quartz, Five-Color Earthy Lipid, Acorus, Chrysanthemum, Ginseng, Asparagus Tuber, Licorice, Prepared Rehmannia Root, Achyranthes Root, Dodder Seed, Achyranthes Root, Leonurus Fruit, Polygonatum, Preventive Root, Ophiopogon Tuber, Angelica Pubescens, Plantago Seed, Costus Root, Yam, Coix Seed, Alisma, Polygala, Gentian, Asarum, Dendrobium, Morinda Root, White Nightshade, White Wormwood, Arisaema, Anlü Seed, Xi Ming Seed, Yarrow Fruit, Red Ganoderma, Black Ganoderma, Green Ganoderma, White Ganoderma, Yellow Ganoderma, Purple Ganoderma, Selaginella, Indigofera Fruit, Glehnia, Coptis, Climbing Stemona, Tribulus Seed, Scutellaria, Cistanche, Typha Pollen, Cattail, Drynaria, Rhaponticum, Jerusalem Artichoke, Cassia Seed, Salvia, Fleabane, Schisandra, Convolvulus, Orchid, Kochia Seed, Sedum, Artemisia Capillaris, Kaempferia, Codonopsis, Cynanchum, Euphorbia, Millettia, Ostrya, Dogwood, Citrus, Cypress Seed, Poria, Elm Bark, Sour Jujube Kernel, Dried Lacquer, Vitex Fruit, Magnolia Bud, Eucommia, Mistletoe on Mulberry, Ligustrum Fruit, Prunus Seed, Lotus Seed Pod, Jujube, Grape, Curcuma, Job's Tears, Sesame, Hemp Seed, Bitter Vegetable, Dragon Bone, Musk, Bear Fat, White Gelatin, Donkey-Hide Gelatin, Rock Honey, Bee Larva, Beeswax, Oyster Shell, Turtle Shell, Mantis Egg Case)