（《本经》中品）。
【校正】并入《别录》棘刺花。
【释名】棘刺（《别录》）、棘针（《别录》）、
菥（《别录》）、马朐（音劬）。时珍曰∶独生而高者为枣，列生而低者为棘。故重 为枣，
平为
【集解】《别录》曰∶白棘生雍州川谷。棘刺花生道旁，冬至后一百二十日采之，四月
采实。
当之曰∶白棘是酸枣树针。今人用天门冬苗代之，非真也。
恭曰∶棘有赤、白二种。白棘茎白如粉，子、叶与赤棘同，棘中时复有之，亦为难得。
其刺当用白者为佳。然刺有钩、直二种∶直者宜入补益，钩者宜疗疮肿。花即其花，更无别
物。天门冬一名颠棘，南人以代
颂曰∶棘有赤、白二种。《切韵》云∶棘，小枣也。田野间皆有之，丛高三、二尺，
花、叶、茎、实俱似枣也。
宗 曰∶本文白棘一名棘针、棘刺，如此分明，诸家强生疑惑，今不取之。白棘，乃是
肥盛紫色，枝上自有皱薄白膜先剥起者，故白棘取白之义，不过如此。
白棘
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。
【主治】心腹痛，痈肿溃脓，止痛
气，益精髓。枣
【附方】旧六，新八。
小便尿血∶棘刺三升，水五升，煮二升，分三服。（《外台秘要》）。
脐腹疼痛∶因肾脏虚冷，拘撮甚者。
棘针钩子一合（焙），槟榔二钱半，水一盏，煎五分，入好酒半盏，更煎三、五沸，分
二服。（《圣惠
头风疼痛∶倒钩棘针四十九个（烧存性），丁香一个，麝香一皂子。为末。随左右 鼻。
（《圣惠方》）。
眼睫拳毛∶赤龙爪（倒钩棘也）一百二十个，地龙二条，木贼一百二十节，木鳖子仁二
个（炒）。为末。摘去睫毛，每日
龋齿虫食腐烂∶棘针二百枚（即枣树刺朽落地者），水三升，煮一升，含漱。或烧沥，
日涂之，后敷雄黄末，即愈。（《外台秘要》）。
小儿喉痹∶棘针烧灰，水服半钱。（《圣惠方》）。
小儿口噤∶惊风不乳。白棘，烧末，水服一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
小儿丹毒∶水煮棘根汁，洗之。（《千金方》）。
痈疽痔漏∶方同上。
疔疮恶肿∶棘针（倒钩烂者）三枚，丁香七枚，同入瓶烧存性，以月内孩子粪和涂，日
三上之。
又方∶曲头棘刺三百枚，陈橘皮二两，水五升，煎一升半，分服。（《圣惠方》）。
诸肿有脓∶棘针，烧灰，水服一钱，一夜头出。（《千金方》）。
小儿诸疳∶棘针、瓜蒂等分。为末。吹入鼻中，日三次。（《圣惠方》）
枝
【主治】烧油涂发，解垢 （宗 ）。
棘刺花（《别录》）
【气味】苦，平，无毒。
【主治】金疮内漏（《别录》）。
实
【主治】心腹痿痹，除热，利小便（《别录》）。
叶
【主治】胫 疮，捣敷之。亦可晒研，麻油调敷（时珍）。
（收录于《神农本草经》中品）。
【校正】将《名医别录》中的棘刺花并入此处。
【释名】棘刺（出自《名医别录》）、棘针（出自《名医别录》）、菥（出自《名医别录》）、马朐（音同“劬”）。李时珍说：单独生长且高大的称为枣树，成排种植且低矮的称为棘树。所以双重的“棘”字指枣，平面的“棘”字指棘树。
【集解】《名医别录》说：白棘生长在雍州的川谷地带。棘刺花在道路旁生长，冬至后一百二十天采集花朵，四月采集果实。
当之说：白棘就是酸枣树的刺。现在人们用天门冬的幼苗来代替它，这不是真的。
苏恭说：棘有赤、白两种。白棘的茎像粉一样白，种子和叶子与赤棘相同，棘丛中偶尔也有白棘，也比较难得。其中刺应当选用白色的为佳。然而刺有钩状和直状两种：直的刺适宜用于补益药方，钩状的刺适宜治疗疮肿。花就是它的花，没有别的植物。天门冬又名颠棘，南方人用它来代替白棘。
苏颂说：棘有赤、白两种。《切韵》说：棘，是小枣树。田野间都有，丛高约二三尺，花、叶、茎、果实都像枣树。
寇宗奭说：原文中白棘又名棘针、棘刺，如此分明，各家强行制造疑惑，现在不予采纳。白棘，是指肥盛呈紫色，枝条上自然有一层皱薄的白色膜先剥起的情况，所以白棘取“白”的含义，不过如此。
【气味】辛味，寒性，无毒。
【主治】心腹痛，痈肿溃脓，止痛气，益精髓。
【附方】旧方六首，新方八首。
小便尿血：棘刺三升，水五升，煮至二升，分三次服用。（出自《外台秘要》）。
脐腹疼痛：因肾脏虚冷，拘挛撮痛严重的。
棘针钩子一合（焙干），槟榔二钱半，水一盏，煎至五分，加入好酒半盏，再煎三、五次沸腾，分两次服用。（出自《圣惠方》）。
头风疼痛：倒钩棘针四十九个（烧存性），丁香一个，麝香如皂角子大小。研为末。随左右鼻孔吸入。（出自《圣惠方》）。
眼睫拳毛（睫毛内卷）：赤龙爪（即倒钩棘刺）一百二十个，地龙两条，木贼一百二十节，木鳖子仁二个（炒）。研为末。摘去睫毛，每日……（原文此处似有缺漏，依文意译为每日使用）。
龋齿虫食腐烂：棘针二百枚（即枣树刺朽坏落地的），水三升，煮至一升，含漱。或者烧取汁液，每日涂抹，之后敷上雄黄末，即可痊愈。（出自《外台秘要》）。
小儿喉痹：棘针刺烧成灰，用水服半钱。（出自《圣惠方》）。
小儿口噤（惊风不乳）：白棘，烧成末，用水服一钱。（出自《圣惠方》）。
小儿丹毒：水煮棘根取汁，清洗患处。（出自《千金方》）。
痈疽痔漏：方剂同上。
疔疮恶肿：棘针（倒钩且腐烂的）三枚，丁香七枚，一同放入瓶中烧存性，用一个月大婴儿的粪便调和涂抹，每日三次涂上。
又一方：曲头棘刺三百枚，陈橘皮二两，水五升，煎至一升半，分次服用。（出自《圣惠方》）。
诸肿有脓：棘针刺烧成灰，用水服一钱，一夜之间脓头排出。（出自《千金方》）。
小儿诸疳：棘针、瓜蒂等分。研为末。吹入鼻中，每日三次。（出自《圣惠方》）。
枝
【主治】烧油涂发，去除污垢（寇宗奭）。
棘刺花（出自《名医别录》）
【气味】苦味，平性，无毒。
【主治】金疮内漏（出自《名医别录》）。
实（果实）
【主治】心腹痿痹，除热，利小便（出自《名医别录》）。
叶
【主治】胫部疮疡，捣碎敷之。也可以晒干研末，用麻油调敷（李时珍）。
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
[Correction] Merged with "Spina Ziziphi Spinosae Flos" (Flower of Thorny Jujube) from *Mingyi Bielu*.
[Names] Spina Ziziphi Spinosae (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Spina Ziziphi Aculeus (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Xi (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Maqu (pronounced 'Qu'). Li Shizhen said: The one growing alone and tall is called Zao (Jujube), while those planted in rows and low are called Ji (Thorny Jujube). Therefore, the character 'Ji' implies density for Zao, and flatness/low growth for Ji.
[Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Baiji (White Thorny Jujube) grows in the valleys of Yongzhou. The flowers of Spina Ziziphi grow by the roadside; harvest the flowers 120 days after the Winter Solstice, and harvest the fruits in April.
Dang Zhi said: Baiji is the thorn of the Sour Jujube tree. Nowadays, people substitute it with the seedling of *Asparagus cochinchinensis* (Tianmendong), which is not authentic.
Su Gong said: There are two types of Ji: Red and White. The stem of Baiji is white like powder; its seeds and leaves are the same as those of Red Ji. It occasionally appears among Ji bushes and is also rare. Among the spines, the white ones are preferred for medicinal use. However, there are two types of spines: straight and hooked. Straight spines are suitable for tonifying formulas, while hooked spines are suitable for treating sores and swellings. The flower is simply its flower, with no other substance involved. *Asparagus cochinchinensis* is also named Dianji; people in the south use it to substitute Baiji.
Su Song said: There are two types of Ji: Red and White. *Qieyun* states: Ji is a small jujube tree. It is found everywhere in fields and countryside, growing in clumps three or two chi high. Its flowers, leaves, stems, and fruits all resemble those of the jujube tree.
Kou Zongshi said: The original text clearly states that Baiji is also named Jizhen and Jici. Various scholars unnecessarily create confusion, which I do not adopt here. Baiji refers to the plant that is lush and purple, with a thin white membrane naturally peeling off first on the branches. Thus, the meaning of "Bai" (White) in Baiji is derived from this feature.
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, Cold, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Heart and abdominal pain, abscesses with pus discharge, relieving pain and qi stagnation, benefiting marrow and essence.
[Attached Formulas] Six old formulas, eight new formulas.
Hematuria (Blood in urine): Three sheng of Spina Ziziphi Aculeus, five sheng of water. Decoct until two sheng remain. Divide into three doses. (*Waitai Miyao*).
Umbilical and abdominal pain: Severe due to deficiency-cold of the Kidney causing cramping. One he of hooked Spina Ziziphi Aculeus (roasted), two qian and half of Areca Seed (Binglang). Add one cup of water, decoct until five fen remains. Add half a cup of good wine, boil three to five times. Divide into two doses. (*Shenghui Fang*).
Head Wind Pain (Headache due to wind): Forty-nine hooked Spina Ziziphi Aculei (charred but retaining efficacy), one Clove (Dingxiang), musk amount equivalent to a soap bean. Grind into powder. Snuff into either nostril according to the side of pain. (*Shenghui Fang*).
Entropion (Inverted eyelashes): One hundred twenty Chi Longzhua (hooked Spina Ziziphi Aculei), two Earthworms (Dilong), one hundred twenty joints of Equisetum (Muzei), two kernels of Momordica charantia (Mubiezi, stir-fried). Grind into powder. Pluck out the inverted eyelashes, apply daily... [Text incomplete].
Dental caries decayed by worms: Two hundred Spina Ziziphi Aculei (those rotted and fallen from jujube trees). Add three sheng of water, decoct until one sheng remains. Rinse mouth with the liquid. Alternatively, extract juice by charring and apply daily, then apply powder of Realgar (Xionghuang) afterwards. Cure. (*Waitai Miyao*).
Pediatric throat obstruction (Houbi): Char Spina Ziziphi Aculei to ash. Take half qian with water. (*Shenghui Fang*).
Pediatric trismus (Jingkou - convulsions preventing suckling): Baiji, char and grind into powder. Take one qian with water. (*Shenghui Fang*).
Pediatric erysipelas (Dandu): Decoct roots of Ji in water to obtain juice. Wash the affected area. (*Qianjin Fang*).
Carbuncles, ulcers, fistulas: Formula same as above.
Carbuncle and malignant swelling: Three hooked and rotted Spina Ziziphi Aculei, seven Cloves (Dingxiang). Put together in a bottle, char until efficacious. Mix with feces of an infant within one month of age. Apply topically three times a day.
Another formula: Three hundred curved-head Spina Ziziphi Aculei, two liang of aged Tangerine Peel (Chenpi). Add five sheng of water, decoct until one and a half sheng remains. Divide into doses. (*Shenghui Fang*).
Various swellings with pus: Char Spina Ziziphi Aculei to ash. Take one qian with water. Pus head will emerge overnight. (*Qianjin Fang*).
Various pediatric malnutrition syndromes (Gan): Equal parts of Spina Ziziphi Aculei and Melon Stalk (Gua Di). Grind into powder. Snuff into nose, three times a day. (*Shenghui Fang*).
Branch
[Indications] Burn with oil and apply to hair to remove dirt (Kou Zongshi).
Spina Ziziphi Spinosae Flos (from *Mingyi Bielu*)
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, Neutral, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Internal leakage from metal wounds (from *Mingyi Bielu*).
Fruit
[Indications] Atrophy and obstruction of heart and abdomen, clearing heat, promoting urination (from *Mingyi Bielu*).
Leaf
[Indications] Ulcers on the shin. Crush and apply externally. Can also be sun-dried, ground into powder, and mixed with sesame oil for topical application (Li Shizhen).