（《嘉 》）
【气味】甘，大寒，无毒。
宗 曰∶白脂麻，世用不可一日阙者，亦不至于大寒也。
原曰∶生者性寒而治疾，炒者性热而发病，蒸者性温而补人。
诜曰∶久食抽人肌肉。其汁停久者，饮之发霍乱。
【主治】治虚劳，滑肠胃，行风气，通血脉，去头上浮风，润肌肉。食后生啖一合，终
身勿辍。又与乳母服之，孩子永不生病。客热，可作饮汁服之。生嚼，敷小儿头上诸疮，良
（孟诜）。仙方蒸以辟谷（苏颂）。
【发明】甄权曰∶巨胜乃《仙经》所重。以白蜜等分合服，名静神丸。治肺气，润五脏，
其功甚多。亦能休粮，填人精髓，有益于男子。患人虚而吸吸者，加而用之。
时珍曰∶胡麻取油以白者为胜。服食以黑者为良，胡地者尤妙。取其黑色入通于肾，而
能润燥也。赤者状如老茄子，壳浓油少，但可食尔，不堪服食。唯钱乙治小儿痘疹变黑归肾，
百祥丸，用赤脂麻煎汤送下，盖亦取其解毒耳。《五符经》有巨胜丸，云∶即胡麻，本生大
宛，五谷之长也。服之不息，可以知万物，通神明，与世常存。《参同契》亦云∶巨胜可延
年，还丹入口中。古以胡麻为仙药，而近世罕用，或者未必有此神验，但久服有益而已耶？
刘、阮入天台，遇仙女，食胡麻饭。亦以胡麻同米作饭，为仙家食品焉尔。又按苏东坡与程
正辅书云∶凡痔疾，宜断酒肉与盐酪、酱菜、浓味及粳米饭，唯宜食淡面一味。及以九蒸胡
麻（即黑脂麻），同去皮茯苓，入少白蜜为 食之。日久气力不衰而百病自去，而痔渐退。
此
乃长生要诀，但易知而难行尔。据此说，则胡麻为脂麻尤可凭矣。其用茯苓，本陶氏注胡麻
之说也。近人以脂麻擂烂去滓，入绿豆粉作腐食。其性平润，最益老人。
【附方】旧十六，新十五。
服食胡麻∶《抱朴子》云∶用上党胡麻三斗，淘净甑蒸，令气遍，日干，以水淘去沫再
蒸，如此九度，以汤脱去皮，簸净，炒香为末，白蜜或枣膏丸弹子大。每温酒化下一丸，日
三服。忌毒鱼、狗肉、生菜。服至百日，能除一切痼疾；一年，身面光泽不饥；二年，白发
返黑；三年，齿落更生；四年，水火不能害；五年，行及奔马；久服，长生。若欲下之，饮
葵菜汁。孙真人云∶用胡麻三升，去黄褐者，蒸三十遍，微炒香为末。入白蜜三升，杵三百
下，丸梧桐子大。每旦服五十丸。人过四十以上，久服明目洞视，肠柔如筋也。
《神仙传》云∶鲁女生服胡麻饵术，绝谷八十余年，甚少壮，日行三百里，走及獐鹿。
服食巨胜，治五脏虚损，益气力，坚筋骨。用巨胜，九蒸九曝，收贮。每服二合，汤浸布
去皮再研，水滤汁煎饮，和粳米煮粥食之。时珍曰∶古有服食胡麻、巨胜二法。方不
出于一人，故有二法，其实一物也。
白发返黑∶乌麻，九蒸九晒，研末，枣膏丸，服之。（《千金方》）。
腰脚疼痛∶新胡麻一升，熬香杵末。日服一小升，服至一斗永瘥。温酒、蜜汤、姜汁皆
可
手脚酸痛微肿∶用脂麻五升熬研，酒一升，浸一宿。随意饮。（《外台》）
入水肢肿作痛∶生胡麻捣涂之。（《千金》）
偶感风寒∶脂麻炒焦，乘热擂酒饮之，暖卧取微汗出良。
中暑毒死∶救生散∶用新胡麻一升，微炒令黑，摊冷为末，新汲水调服三钱。或丸弹子
大
呕 不止∶白油麻一大合，清酒半升，煎取三合，去麻顿服。（《近效方》）。
牙齿痛肿∶胡麻五升，水一斗，煮汁五升。含漱吐之，不过二剂，神良。（《肘后》）。
热淋茎痛∶乌麻子、蔓荆子各五合，炒黄，绯袋盛，以井华水三升浸之。每食前服一钱。
（《圣惠方》）。
小儿下痢赤白∶用油麻一合捣，和蜜汤服之。（《外台》）。
解下胎毒∶小儿初生，嚼生脂麻，绵包，与儿咂之，其毒自下。
小儿急疳∶油麻嚼敷之。（《外台》）。
小儿软疖∶油麻炒焦，乘热嚼烂敷之。（谭氏《小儿方》）。
头面诸疮∶脂麻生嚼敷之。（《普济》）
小儿瘰 ∶脂麻、连翘等分。为末。频频食之。（《简便方》）
疔肿恶疮∶胡麻（烧灰）、针砂等分，为末。醋和敷之，日三。（《普济方》）。
痔疮风肿作痛∶胡麻子煎汤洗之，即消。
坐板疮疥∶生脂麻嚼敷之。（笔峰《杂兴》）。
阴痒生疮∶胡麻嚼烂敷之，良。（《肘后》），
乳疮肿痛∶用脂麻炒焦，研末。以灯窝油调涂，即安。
妇人乳少∶脂麻炒研，入盐少许，食之。（唐氏）。
汤火伤灼∶胡麻生研如泥，涂之。（《外台》）。
蜘蛛咬疮∶油麻研烂敷之。（《经验后方》）。
诸虫咬伤∶同上。
蚰蜒入耳∶胡麻炒研，作袋枕之。（《梅师》）
谷贼尸咽，喉中痛痒，此因误吞谷芒，抢刺痒痛也。谷贼属咽，马喉风属喉，不可不分∶
用
痈疮不合∶乌麻炒黑，捣敷之。（《千金》）。
小便尿血∶胡麻三升杵末，以东流水二升浸一宿，平旦绞汁，顿热服。（《千金方》）。
（出自《嘉祐本草》）
苏颂说：白脂麻是世人日常饮食中不可一日缺少的食材，其性质并不至于过于寒凉。
李当之说：生用的胡麻性寒，用于治疗疾病；炒熟的胡麻性热，容易引发疾病；蒸制的胡麻性温，具有补益人体的作用。
孟诜说：长期食用会消耗人的肌肉。其汁液存放过久的，饮用后会引发霍乱。
【主治】治疗虚劳，滑利肠胃，行散风气，通畅血脉，去除头面部的浮风，滋润肌肉。饭后生吃一合，终身不要停止。又让乳母服用，孩子将永不生病。客热（外感邪热），可以制成饮汁服用。生嚼后敷在小儿头部的各种疮疡上，效果很好。（孟诜）。用仙方蒸制以辟谷断粮（苏颂）。
【发明】甄权说：巨胜（胡麻的别名）是《仙经》所重视的药物。与白蜜等量混合服用，名为静神丸。治疗肺气，滋润五脏，功效很多。也能让人休粮辟谷，填补人体精髓，对男子有益。患病者若身体虚弱且呼吸短促，加入此药使用。
李时珍说：取胡麻油以白色者为优。用于服食养生则以黑色者为良，产于胡地的尤其美妙。取其黑色入通于肾，而能润燥。红色的胡麻形状像老茄子，壳厚油少，只能食用罢了，不适合用于服食养生。只有钱乙治疗小儿痘疹变黑归肾证时，用百祥丸，以赤脂麻煎汤送下，大概也是取其解毒的作用罢了。《五符经》中有巨胜丸，说：就是胡麻，原本生长在大宛国，是五谷中的长者。不间断地服用，可以知晓万物，通晓神明，与世长存。《参同契》也说：巨胜可以延年益寿，还丹入口中。古人视胡麻为仙药，而近代很少使用，或许未必有这种神奇的疗效，只是长期服用有益处罢了？刘晨、阮肇进入天台山，遇到仙女，吃的是胡麻饭。也是将胡麻同米一起做饭，作为仙家的食品罢了。又查考苏东坡给程正辅的信中说：凡是痔疮疾病，应当戒断酒肉以及盐酪、酱菜、浓味食物和粳米饭，只适宜吃淡面食这一种。并且用九蒸的胡麻（即黑脂麻），同去皮茯苓，加入少许白蜜做成面食食用。日子久了气力不衰而百病自然消除，痔疮逐渐消退。这乃是长生要诀，只是容易知道却难以实行罢了。根据这个说法，那么胡麻作为脂麻更是可信了。其中使用茯苓，本是陶弘景注释胡麻时的说法。近代人将脂麻磨烂去渣，加入绿豆粉制作豆腐食用。其性质平和滋润，最有益于老年人。
【附方】旧方十六首，新方十五首。
服食胡麻：《抱朴子》说：用上党产的胡麻三斗，淘洗干净放入甑中蒸，使热气遍透，晒干，用水淘去泡沫再蒸，如此重复九次，用热水脱去外皮，簸净，炒香研为末，用白蜜或枣膏制成如弹子大小的丸药。每次用温酒化开一丸，每日三次服用。忌食毒鱼、狗肉、生菜。服用至一百天，能除去一切顽固疾病；一年，面色光泽不感到饥饿；二年，白发变黑；三年，掉落的牙齿重新长出；四年，水火不能伤害；五年，行走速度赶上奔马；长期服用，可以长生。如果想要泻下，饮用葵菜汁即可。孙真人说：用胡麻三升，去掉黄褐色的，蒸三十遍，微炒香研为末。加入白蜜三升，捣杵三百下，制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每天早晨服用五十丸。人过了四十岁以上，长期服用能使眼睛明亮如洞视，肠道柔韧如筋。
《神仙传》说：鲁女生服用胡麻和术饵，绝谷八十余年，依然年轻强壮，一天行走三百里，奔跑速度赶上獐鹿。
服食巨胜，治疗五脏虚损，益气力，坚固筋骨。用巨胜，九蒸九晒，收藏储存。每次服用二合，用水浸泡布包后再次研磨，用水过滤出汁液煎煮饮用，和粳米一起煮粥食用。李时珍说：古代有服食胡麻、巨胜两种方法。方剂不是出于同一人之手，所以有两种方法，其实是一种东西。
白发返黑：乌麻，九蒸九晒，研为末，用枣膏做丸，服用。（《千金方》）。
腰脚疼痛：新胡麻一升，炒香捣成末。每天服用一小升，服至一斗永愈。可用温酒、蜜水、姜汁送服。
手脚酸痛微肿：用脂麻五升炒熟研磨，加酒一升，浸泡一夜。随意饮用。（《外台秘要》）。
入水后肢体肿胀作痛：生胡麻捣碎涂抹。（《千金方》）。
偶感风寒：脂麻炒焦，趁热磨碎饮酒饮用，保暖卧床取微汗出为好。
中暑毒死：救生散：用新胡麻一升，微炒至黑色，摊冷研为末，新汲水调服三钱。或制成弹子大小的丸药。
呕吐不止：白油麻一大合，清酒半升，煎取三合，去掉麻渣一次性服用。（《近效方》）。
牙齿痛肿：胡麻五升，水一斗，煮取汁五升。含漱后吐出，不超过两剂，效果神奇良好。（《肘后备急方》）。
热淋茎痛：乌麻子、蔓荆子各五合，炒黄，用红色袋子盛装，用井华水三升浸泡。每顿饭前服用一钱。（《圣惠方》）。
小儿下痢赤白：用油麻一合捣碎，和蜜汤服用。（《外台秘要》）。
解下胎毒：小儿刚出生，嚼生脂麻，用绵布包裹，给婴儿吸吮，其毒自下。
小儿瘰疬：脂麻、连翘等分。研为末。频繁食用。（《简便方》）。
疔肿恶疮：胡麻（烧灰）、针砂等分，研为末。醋调和敷之，每日三次。（《普济方》）。
乳疮肿痛：用脂麻炒焦，研为末。用灯窝油调和涂抹，即安。
谷贼尸咽，喉中痛痒，这是因为误吞谷芒，刺扎痒痛所致。谷贼属于咽部，马喉风属于喉部，不可不区分：用……
(From *Jia You Ben Cao*)
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, extremely cold, non-toxic.
Su Song stated: White sesame is an ingredient indispensable in daily life for the general public, yet its nature is not excessively cold.
Li Dang said: Raw Hu Ma (Sesame) has a cold nature and is used to treat diseases; roasted Hu Ma has a hot nature and can induce diseases; steamed Hu Ma has a warm nature and tonifies the human body.
Meng Xian said: Long-term consumption depletes muscle tissue. Juice stored for a long time, if consumed, induces Huoluan (Cholera-like disease with severe vomiting and diarrhea).
[Indications] Treats Xu Lao (Deficiency-Labor), lubricates the intestines and bowels, moves Wind Qi, unblocks blood vessels, removes floating Wind from the head and face, and moistens muscles. Consuming one he of raw Hu Ma after meals without cessation throughout life is beneficial. Also, when taken by nursing mothers, their children will never fall ill. For Ke Re (Exogenous Heat), it can be prepared as a juice drink. Chewed raw and applied to various sores on a child's head, it is effective (Meng Xian). Steamed according to Immortal methods to practice Bigu (Grain Avoidance) (Su Song).
[Elucidation] Zhen Quan said: Ju Sheng (Great Advantage, alias for Sesame) is highly valued in *Xian Jing* (Immortal Classics). Mixed in equal parts with white honey and taken, it is named Jing Shen Wan (Calm Spirit Pill). It treats Lung Qi, moistens the five Zang organs, and has many merits. It can also facilitate Bigu, fill the essence and marrow, and benefit men. For patients who are deficient and suffer from shortness of breath (Xi Xi), it should be added to prescriptions.
Li Shizhen said: To extract oil, white sesame is superior. For dietary therapy, black sesame is good, and that from Hu regions is especially wonderful. Its black color enters and connects to the Kidney, thereby moistening dryness. Red sesame resembles old eggplants, has thick shells and little oil; it is only edible and unsuitable for medicinal use. Only Qian Yi used Chi Zhi Ma (Red Sesame) decocted to send down Baixiang Wan when treating pediatric smallpox/rubella turning black and returning to the Kidney, likely utilizing its detoxifying properties. *Wu Fu Jing* mentions Jusheng Wan, stating: It is Hu Ma, originally from Dayuan, the chief of the five grains. Continuous consumption allows one to know all things, communicate with spirits, and exist eternally. *Can Tong Qi* also says: Jusheng extends life, and the Golden Elixir enters the mouth. Ancients regarded Hu Ma as an immortal medicine, but it is rarely used in recent times. Perhaps it does not possess such miraculous effects, but merely offers benefits through long-term use? Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao entered Tiantai Mountain and met fairy maidens who ate Hu Ma rice. Similarly, cooking Hu Ma with rice serves as food for immortals. Furthermore, Su Dongpo wrote to Cheng Zhengfu: For hemorrhoid diseases, one should abstain from alcohol, meat, salted dairy, pickles, strong flavors, and glutinous rice, consuming only bland wheat flour food. Additionally, use Jiuzheng Hu Ma (Nine-steamed Black Sesame) with peeled Poria cocos and a little white honey to make cakes. Over time, vitality remains undiminished, hundred diseases vanish naturally, and hemorrhoids gradually recede. This is a secret to longevity, easy to know but hard to practice. Based on this, Hu Ma as Zhi Ma is credible. The use of Poria follows Tao Hongjing's notes on Hu Ma. Recently, people grind Zhi Ma into a paste, remove dregs, add mung bean powder, and make tofu. Its nature is neutral and moistening, most beneficial for the elderly.
[Attached Prescriptions] Sixteen old formulas, fifteen new formulas.
Taking Hu Ma for Dietary Therapy: *Baopuzi* states: Use three dou of Shangdang Hu Ma, wash clean, steam in a zeng vessel until vapor penetrates thoroughly, sun-dry, wash with water to remove foam, and steam again. Repeat this nine times. Remove skins with hot water, winnow clean, roast until fragrant, and grind into powder. Form pills the size of bullet seeds using white honey or jujube paste. Dissolve one pill in warm wine each time, take three times a day. Avoid toxic fish, dog meat, and raw vegetables. After 100 days of intake, all chronic diseases are eliminated; after one year, the body and face become lustrous and hunger disappears; after two years, white hair turns black; after three years, lost teeth regrow; after four years, immune from fire and water harm; after five years, running speed matches galloping horses; long-term use leads to longevity. If purgation is desired, drink purslane juice. Sun Simiao said: Use three sheng of Hu Ma, removing yellow-brown ones, steam thirty times, lightly roast until fragrant, and grind. Add three sheng of white honey, pound three hundred times, form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take fifty pills every morning. For those over forty, long-term use brightens vision to see clearly like a hole, and makes intestines flexible like sinews.
*Shenxian Zhuan* states: Lu Nvsheng took Hu Ma and Atractylodes, practiced Bigu for over eighty years, remained young and vigorous, walked three hundred li a day, and ran as fast as roe deer and deer.
Taking Jusheng treats deficiency and damage of the five Zang organs, boosts Qi and strength, and strengthens bones and tendons. Use Jusheng, nine steams and nine exposures, store properly. Take two he per dose, soak in water, wrap in cloth, grind again, filter juice with water, boil, and drink, or cook congee with glutinous rice. Li Shizhen said: Anciently, there were two methods for taking Hu Ma and Jusheng. Since the formulas did not come from one person, there are two methods, though they are actually the same substance.
White Hair Turns Black: Wuma (Black Sesame), nine steams and nine sun-dryings, grind into powder, form pills with jujube paste, and take (*Qianjin Fang*).
Waist and Leg Pain: One sheng of fresh Hu Ma, roasted fragrant and ground. Take one xiao sheng daily; take up to one dou for permanent cure. Can be taken with warm wine, honey water, or ginger juice.
Soreness and Swelling in Hands and Feet: Five sheng of Zhi Ma, roasted and ground, soaked in one sheng of wine overnight. Drink as desired (*Waitai Mifang*).
Swelling and Pain in Limbs after Water Exposure: Apply crushed raw Hu Ma (*Qianjin Fang*).
Occasional Wind-Cold: Roast Zhi Ma until charred, crush while hot, mix with wine, drink, keep warm, and lie down to induce slight sweating.
Heatstroke Poison Death: Jiusheng San (Life-Saving Powder): Use one sheng of fresh Hu Ma, lightly roast until black, cool and spread, grind into powder, mix with fresh well water, and take three qian. Or form pill-sized balls.
Unstoppable Vomiting: One da he of Baiyouma (White Oil Sesame), half sheng of clear wine, decoct to obtain three he, remove sesame, and take once (*Jinxiao Fang*).
Toothache and Swelling: Five sheng of Hu Ma, ten dou of water, boil to obtain five sheng of juice. Swish and spit out. Within two doses, effect is miraculous (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
Hot Strangury with Genital Pain: Five he of Wumazi (Black Sesame Seed) and Manjingzi (Vitex Fruit), roasted yellow, placed in red silk bag, steeped in three sheng of well water. Take one qian before each meal (*Shenghui Fang*).
Pediatric Dysentery with Red and White Stools: One he of Youma (Oil Sesame), crushed, mixed with honey water and taken (*Waitai Mifang*).
Resolving Fetal Toxicity: When a newborn is born, chew raw Zhi Ma, wrap in cotton, and let the baby suckle; the toxicity will discharge naturally.
Pediatric Acute Gan Disease: Chew Youma and apply externally (*Waitai Mifang*).
Pediatric Soft Carbuncle: Roast Youma until charred, chew while hot, and apply externally (Tan Shi *Xiao'er Fang*).
Various Sores on Head and Face: Chew raw Zhi Ma and apply externally (*Pujifang*).
Pediatric Scrofula: Equal parts Zhi Ma and Chaiqiao (Forsythia). Grind into powder. Consume frequently (*Jianbian Fang*).
Carbuncle and Malignant Ulcers: Hu Ma (burnt to ash) and Zhen Sha (Needle Sand) in equal parts. Grind into powder. Mix with vinegar and apply externally, three times a day (*Pujifang*).
Hemorrhoids with Wind Swelling and Pain: Decoct Humaizi (Sesame Seeds) and wash with the soup; swelling subsides immediately.
Bedsores and Scabies: Chew raw Zhi Ma and apply externally (Bifeng *Zaxing*).
Itching and Sores in Yin Area: Chew Hu Ma thoroughly and apply externally, effective (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
Breast Sore with Swelling and Pain: Roast Zhi Ma until charred, grind into powder. Mix with Dengwu You (Lamp Wick Oil) and apply externally; relief follows.
Insufficient Milk in Women: Roast and grind Zhi Ma, add a little salt, and eat (Tang Shi).
Scalds and Burns: Grind raw Hu Ma into mud/paste and apply (*Waitai Mifang*).
Spider Bites: Crush Youma and apply externally (*Jingyan Houfang*).
Bites from Various Insects: Same as above.
Centipede Entering Ear: Roast and grind Hu Ma, make into a bag, and use as a pillow (*Meishi*).
Gu Zei Shi Yan (Grain Thorn Throat), pain and itching in throat caused by accidentally swallowing grain awns which prick and cause itching. Gu Zei belongs to the pharynx, Ma Houfeng belongs to the larynx; they must be distinguished: Use...
Abscesses Not Healing: Stir-fry Wuma until black, crush and apply externally (*Qianjin Fang*).
Hematuria: Three sheng of Hu Ma pounded into powder, steeped in two sheng of flowing water from the east overnight. Squeeze out juice at dawn, heat, and take at once (*Qianjin Fang*).