（《纲目》）
【释名】灶突墨（《纲目》）、灶额墨。
时珍曰∶此乃灶额及烟炉中墨烟也。其质轻细，故谓之霜。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【主治】消化积滞，入下食药中用（苏颂）。止上下诸血，妇人崩中带下、胎前产后诸
病，
伤寒阳毒发狂，黄胆，疟痢，噎膈，咽喉口舌一切诸疮（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶百草霜、釜底墨、梁上倒挂尘，皆是烟气结成，但其体质有轻虚结实
之异。重者归中下二焦，轻者入心肺之分。古方治阳毒发狂，黑奴丸，三者并用，而内有麻
黄、大黄，亦是攻解三焦结热，兼取火化从治之义。其消积滞，亦是取其从化，故疸、膈、
疟、痢诸病多用之。其治失血胎产诸病，虽是血见黑则止，亦不离从化之理。
【附方】新二十。
衄血不止∶百草霜末吹之，立止也。
衄血吐血∶《刘长春经验方》∶治吐血，及伤酒食醉饱，低头掬损肺脏，吐血汗血，口鼻
妄行，但声未失者。用乡外人家百草霜末，糯米汤服二钱。一方∶百草霜五钱，槐花末二两。
每服二钱，茅根汤下。
齿缝出血∶百草霜末掺之，立止。（《集简方》）
妇人崩中∶百草霜二钱，狗胆汁拌匀，分作二服，当归酒下。（《经验方》）
胎动下血，或胎已死。百草霜二钱，棕灰一钱，伏龙肝五钱。为末。每服一、二钱，白
汤入酒及童尿调下。（笔峰《杂兴方》）
胎前产后，逆生横生，瘦胎，产前产后虚损，月候不调，崩中。百草霜、白芷等分。为
末。每服二钱，童子小便、醋各少许调匀，热汤化服，不过二服。（《杜壬方》）
妇人白带∶百草霜一两，香金墨半两。研末。每服三钱，猪肝一叶，批开入药在内，纸
裹煨熟，细嚼，温酒送之。（《永类方》）
脏毒下血∶百草霜五钱，以米汤调，露一夜，次早空心服。（邵真人《经验方》）
暴作泻痢∶百草霜末，米饮调下二钱。（《续十全方》）
一切痢下∶初起一服如神，名铁刷丸。百草霜三钱，金墨一钱，半夏七分，巴豆（煮）
十
四粒。研匀，黄蜡三钱，同香油化开，和成剂。量大小，每服三、五丸，或四、五十丸，姜
汤下。（《 江方》）
小儿积痢∶驻车丸∶用百草霜二钱，巴豆（煨去油）一钱。研匀，以飞罗面糊和丸绿豆
大。
每服三、五丸，赤痢，甘草汤下；白痢，米饮下；红白，姜汤下。（《全幼心鉴》）
挟热下痢脓血∶灶突中墨、黄连各一两。为末。每酒下二钱，日二服。（《圣惠方》）
寒热疟疾∶方见铅丹下。
魇寐猝死∶锅底墨，水灌二钱，并吹鼻。（《医说》）
尸厥不醒，脉动如故∶灶突墨弹丸，浆水和饮，仍针百会、足大趾、中趾甲侧。（《千
金方》）
咽中结块，不通水食，危困欲死∶百草霜，蜜和丸芡子大。每新汲水化一丸灌下。甚者
不过二丸，名百灵丸。（《普济方》）
鼻疮脓臭∶百草霜末，冷水服二钱。（《三因方》）
白秃头疮∶百草霜和猪脂涂之。（《简便方》）
头疮诸疮∶以醋汤洗净，百草霜入腻粉少许，生油调涂，立愈。（《证类本草》）
瘭疽出汁，着手足肩背，累累如米。用灶突墨、灶屋尘、釜下土研匀。水一斗，煮三沸，
取汁洗，日三、四度。（《外台秘要》）
【《本草纲目》】
【释名】灶突墨（出自《本草纲目》）、灶额墨。
李时珍说：这是从灶口和烟炉中收集的墨烟。其质地轻细，所以称为“霜”。
【气味】辛味，温性，无毒。
【主治】消除消化积滞，可加入泻下药中使用（苏颂）。止血，治疗上部和下部的各种出血，妇女崩漏、带下病，以及产前产后各种疾病，伤寒阳毒引起的发狂，黄疸，疟疾和痢疾，噎膈，咽喉、口腔和舌头的一切疮疡（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：百草霜、釜底墨、梁上倒挂尘，都是烟气凝结而成，但它们的体质有轻虚与结实之差异。质地重的归入中焦和下焦，质地轻的进入心、肺部位。古方治疗阳毒发狂的黑奴丸，三者并用，其中含有麻黄、大黄，也是用来攻解三焦结热，兼取“火化从治”的意义。其消除积滞，也是取其“从化”的道理，所以黄疸、噎膈、疟疾、痢疾等疾病多用此药。其治疗失血及胎产诸病，虽然是遵循“血见黑则止”的原理，但也离不开“从化”的道理。
【附方】新收录二十首。
鼻出血不止：将百草霜研成末吹入鼻腔，立即止血。
鼻出血、吐血：《刘长春经验方》：治疗吐血，以及因饮酒过量和饱食后低头用力损伤肺脏，导致吐血、汗血，口鼻妄行出血，但声音未丧失者。使用乡间人家的百草霜末，用糯米汤送服二钱。另一方案：百草霜五钱，槐花末二两。每次服用二钱，用白茅根汤送下。
齿缝出血：将百草霜末撒在患处，立即止血。（《集简方》）
妇女崩中（大量阴道出血）：百草霜二钱，与狗胆汁拌匀，分两次服用，用当归酒送下。（《经验方》）
胎动不安导致下血，或胎儿已死：百草霜二钱，棕榈灰一钱，伏龙肝五钱。研为细末。每次服用一至二钱，用白开水加酒及童尿调匀后送服。（笔峰《杂兴方》）
产前产后，胎位不正（逆生、横生），瘦胎，产前产后虚损，月经不调，崩中：百草霜、白芷等量。研为细末。每次服用二钱，用童子小便、醋各少许调匀，热汤化开后服用，不超过两服即可见效。（《杜壬方》）
妇女白带：百草霜一两，香金墨半两。研为细末。每次服用三钱，取猪肝一叶，切开夹入药物，用纸包裹煨熟，细细咀嚼，温酒送下。（《永类方》）
脏毒下血：百草霜五钱，用米汤调匀，露天放置一夜，次日清晨空腹服用。（邵真人《经验方》）
突发腹泻痢疾：百草霜末，用米饮调下二钱。（《续十全方》）
所有痢疾：初起时服用一剂如神效，名为铁刷丸。百草霜三钱，金墨一钱，半夏七分，巴豆（煮）十四粒。研匀，加入黄蜡三钱，同香油熔化混合，制成丸剂。根据患者大小，每次服用三至五丸，或四五十丸，姜汤送下。（《江方》）
小儿积滞痢疾：驻车丸：用百草霜二钱，巴豆（煨去油）一钱。研匀，用精细面粉糊和丸，如绿豆大。每次服用三至五丸，赤痢用甘草汤送下；白痢用米饮送下；红白相间痢疾用姜汤送下。（《全幼心鉴》）
挟热下痢脓血：灶突中墨、黄连各一两。研为细末。每次用酒送服二钱，每日两次。（《圣惠方》）
寒热疟疾：方剂见铅丹条下。
魇寐猝死（梦魇致死）：锅底墨，用水灌服二钱，并吹入鼻腔。（《医说》）
尸厥不醒，脉搏跳动如常：灶突墨如弹丸大小，用浆水调和饮用，同时针刺百会穴、足大趾和中趾甲侧。（《千金方》）
咽中结块，无法进食饮水，危重欲死：百草霜，蜂蜜和丸，如芡子大。每次用新汲水化开一丸灌下。严重者不过两丸，名为百灵丸。（《普济方》）
鼻疮流脓发臭：百草霜末，冷水送服二钱。（《三因方》）
白秃头疮：百草霜和猪脂涂抹患处。（《简便方》）
头疮及其他疮疡：用醋汤洗净，百草霜加入少许腻粉，用生油调匀涂抹，立即痊愈。（《证类本草》）
瘭疽出汁，蔓延至手足肩背，累累如米粒。用灶突墨、灶屋尘、釜下土研匀。用水一斗，煮沸三次，取汁清洗，每日三至四次。（《外台秘要》）
[Compendium of Materia Medica]
[Nomenclature] Zaotu Mo (Ink from the Chimney Flue, *Bencao Gangmu*), Zao'e Mo (Ink from the Stove Forehead).
Li Shizhen stated: This is soot collected from the stove forehead and smoke stoves. Its texture is light and fine, hence it is called "Shuang" (Frost).
[Flavor and Toxicity] Acrid, Warm, Non-toxic.
[Indications] Resolves digestive stagnation; can be used in combination with purgative herbs (Su Song). Stops bleeding from various parts of the body above and below; treats metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and various diseases during pregnancy and postpartum in women; mania caused by Yang toxicity in Shanghan (Cold Damage); jaundice; malaria and dysentery; yige (dysphagia/esophageal obstruction); and all kinds of sores on the throat, mouth, and tongue (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen stated: Baicaoshuang (Soot from Various Herbs), Fudi Mo (Soot from the Cauldron Bottom), and Liangshang Daoguachen (Dust Hanging from Beams) are all formed by the condensation of smoke. However, their physical qualities differ in terms of being light/void or heavy/solid. The heavier ones enter the Middle and Lower Jiao (Burners), while the lighter ones enter the Heart and Lung regions. In ancient formulas for treating mania due to Yang toxicity, such as Heinu Wan (Black Slave Pill), these three ingredients are used together. Since they contain Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) and Rheii Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄), this also serves to attack and resolve heat accumulation in the Three Jiao, taking advantage of the principle of "treating fire with fire" (conforming treatment). Their ability to resolve stagnation also relies on the principle of "transformation through conformity." Therefore, they are frequently used for jaundice, yige, malaria, and dysentery. Regarding the treatment of hemorrhage and obstetric diseases, although it follows the principle that "blood stops when it sees black," it is not separate from the logic of transformation through conformity.
[Attached Prescriptions] Twenty new prescriptions.
Epistaxis unceasing: Blow powdered Baicaoshuang into the nostrils; bleeding stops immediately.
Epistaxis and Hematemesis: *Liu Changchun's Empirical Formula*: Treats hematemesis, as well as lung injury caused by bending down after excessive drinking and overeating, resulting in hematemesis, hematohidrosis, and bleeding from the mouth and nose, provided the voice remains intact. Use Baicaoshuang powder from rural households, taken with rice gruel, two qian. Another prescription: Baicaoshuang five qian, Sophorae Flos (Huaihua, 槐花) powder two liang. Take two qian per dose, administered with White Peony Root Decoction (Baigen Tang, 茅根汤).
Bleeding from Gum Crevices: Sprinkle Baicaoshuang powder on the affected area; bleeding stops immediately. (*Jijian Fang*)
Metrorrhagia in Women: Baicaoshuang two qian, mixed evenly with Dog Bile. Divide into two doses, taken with Angelica Sinensis Wine (Danggui Jiu, 当归酒). (*Empirical Formula*)
Restless Fetus with Bleeding, or Dead Fetus: Baicaoshuang two qian, Palm Fiber Ash (Zonghui, 棕灰) one qian, Longgu (Fulonggan, 伏龙肝) five qian. Grind into powder. Take one to two qian per dose, mixed with white water, wine, and child's urine. (*Bifeng Zaxing Fang*)
Pre- and Postpartum Conditions, Malpresentation (Breech/Transverse), Thin Fetus, Deficiency Syndromes Pre- and Postpartum, Irregular Menstruation, Metrorrhagia: Baicaoshuang and Angelica Dahurica (Baizhi, 白芷) in equal amounts. Grind into powder. Take two qian per dose, mixed with a small amount of Boy's Urine and Vinegar, dissolved in hot water and taken. Not more than two doses are needed. (*Du Ren Fang*)
Leukorrhea in Women: Baicaoshuang one liang, Xiangjinmo (Fragrant Gold Ink) half liang. Grind into powder. Take three qian per dose. Slice one leaf of Pig Liver, insert the medicine inside, wrap in paper, and bake until cooked. Chew thoroughly and swallow with warm wine. (*Yonglei Fang*)
Visceral Toxin with Rectal Bleeding: Baicaoshuang five qian, mixed with rice gruel, exposed to dew overnight. Take on an empty stomach the next morning. (*Shao Zhenren's Empirical Formula*)
Sudden Diarrhea and Dysentery: Baicaoshuang powder, taken with rice drink, two qian. (*Xu Shiquan Fang*)
All Types of Dysentery: Highly effective at onset, named Tiesha Wan (Iron Brush Pill). Baicaoshuang three qian, Jinmo (Gold Ink) one qian, Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) seven fen, Crotonis Fructus (Badou, 巴豆) (boiled) fourteen grains. Grind uniformly, melt three qian of Yellow Beeswax with sesame oil, mix to form pills. Depending on age/size, take three to five pills, or forty to fifty pills, with Ginger Decoction. (*Jiang Fang*)
Pediatric Accumulation Dysentery: Zhuche Wan (Park Vehicle Pill): Baicaoshuang two qian, Crotonis Fructus (Badou, 巴豆) (baked, oil removed) one qian. Grind uniformly, bind with refined flour paste into pills the size of mung beans. Take three to five pills per dose. For red dysentery, take with Licorice Decoction; for white dysentery, take with rice drink; for mixed red and white, take with Ginger Decoction. (*Quanyou Xinjian*)
Dysentery with Pus and Blood due to Heat: Soot from the chimney flue and Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 黄连) each one liang. Grind into powder. Take two qian with wine, twice daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Chills and Fever Malaria: See formula under Qian Dan (Lead Oxide).
Nightmare Death/Sudden Collapse: Pot bottom soot,灌 (administered via gavage) two qian with water, and blown into the nostrils. (*Yi Shuo*)
Corpse-like Coma (Shijue) Unconsciousness, Pulse Active as Usual: A pill-sized piece of chimney soot, drunk with Jiangshui (fermented grain liquid). Also needle Baihui (GV20), the lateral side of the nail on the big toe, and the middle toe. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Mass in Throat, Unable to Swallow Water or Food, Critical Condition: Baicaoshuang, mixed with honey into pills the size of Euryale Seed (Qianzi, 芡子). Dissolve one pill in fresh drawn water and administer. For severe cases, no more than two pills are needed. Named Bailing Wan (Hundred Spirit Pill). (*Puji Fang*)
Nasal Sores with Purulent Odor: Baicaoshuang powder, taken with cold water, two qian. (*San Yin Fang*)
White Tinea Capitis: Baicaoshuang mixed with Lard applied topically. (*Jianbian Fang*)
Head Sores and Other Ulcers: Cleanse with vinegar water, mix Baicaoshuang with a small amount of Nifen (Calomel/Mercurous Chloride), blend with raw oil, and apply. Cures immediately. (*Zhenglei Bencao*)
Phagedenic Ulcer with Discharge, Spreading to Hands, Feet, Shoulders, and Back, appearing like millet grains: Mix chimney soot, house dust, and cauldron-bottom earth uniformly. Boil one dou (unit of volume) of water for three boils, take the juice to wash the area, three to four times daily. (*Waitai Miyao*)