（《纲目》）
【集解】葛洪曰∶芝有石、木、草、菌、肉五类，各近百种。道家有《石芝图》。石芝
者，石象芝也。生于海隅名山岛屿之涯，有积石处。其状如肉，有头尾四足如生物，附于大
石。赤者如珊瑚，白者如截肪，黑者如泽漆，青者如翠羽，黄者如紫金，皆光明洞彻。大者
十余斤，小者三、四斤，须斋祭取之，捣末服。其类有七明九光芝，生临水高山石崖之间。
状如盘碗，不过径尺，有茎连缀之，起三、四寸。有七孔者名七明，九孔者名九光，光皆如
星，百步内夜见其光。常以秋分伺之，捣服方寸匕，入口则 然身热，五味甘美。得尽一斤，
长生不老，可以夜视也。玉脂芝，生于有玉之山。玉膏流出，千百年凝而成芝。有鸟兽之形，
色无常彩，多似玄玉、苍玉及水精。得而末之，以无心草汁和之，须臾成水。服至一升，长
生也。石蜜芝生少室石户中。有深谷不可过，但望见石蜜从石户上入石偃盖中，良久辄有一
滴。得服一升，长生不老也。石桂芝生石穴中，有枝条似桂树，而实石也。高尺许，光明而
味辛。
时珍曰∶神仙之说，渺茫不知有无；然其所述之物，则非无也。贵州普定分司署内有假
山，山间有树，根干枝条皆石，而中有叶如榴，袅袅茂翠，开花似桂微黄。嘉靖丁巳，佥事
焦希程赋诗纪之，以比康于断松化石之事，而不知其名。时珍按《图》及《抱朴子》之说，
此乃石桂芝也。海边有石梅，枝干横斜，石柏，叶如侧柏，亦是石桂之类云。
【主治】诸芝捣末，或化水服，令人轻身长生不老（葛洪）。
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】葛洪说：芝分为石、木、草、菌、肉五类，每类接近一百种。道家有《石芝图》。石芝，就是像石头一样的芝。它生长在沿海名山岛屿的岸边，以及有堆积岩石的地方。它的形状像肉，有头、尾和四足，如同生物一样，附着在大石头上。红色的像珊瑚，白色的像切断的脂肪，黑色的像泽漆，青色的像翠鸟的羽毛，黄色的像紫金，都光亮透明。大的重十多斤，小的重三四斤，需要斋戒祭祀后采集，捣成粉末服用。这类中有七明芝和九光芝，生长在靠近水的高山石崖之间。形状像盘碗，直径不超过一尺，有茎连接缀合，高出三四寸。有七个孔的叫做七明，有九个孔的叫做九光，光芒都像星星，在百步之内夜间能看到它们的光。常在秋分时节守候观察，捣碎后用方寸匕取服，入口后身体立刻发热，味道甘美。如果吃满一斤，就能长生不老，并且可以夜间视物。玉脂芝，生长在出产玉石的山上。玉膏流出，经过千百年凝结而成芝。形状像鸟兽，颜色没有固定色彩，大多像玄玉、苍玉及水晶。得到它后捣成粉末，用无心草的汁液调和它，一会儿就变成水。服用到一升，就能长生。石蜜芝生长在少室山的石户中。那里有深谷不可逾越，只能望见石蜜从石户上方流入石偃盖中，过了很久才有一滴。得到并服用一升，就能长生不老。石桂芝生长在石穴中，有枝条像桂树，但果实是石头做的。高一尺左右，光亮且味道辛辣。
李时珍说：神仙的说法，渺茫不知是否有；然而它所描述的事物，则并非不存在。贵州普定分司署内有假山，山间有树，根干枝条都是石头，但中间有叶子像石榴叶，袅袅翠绿，开花像桂花微黄。嘉靖丁巳年，佥事焦希程赋诗记录此事，将其比作康王断松化石的故事，而不知道它的名字。李时珍查阅《图》及《抱朴子》的说法，这乃是石桂芝。海边有石梅，枝干横斜，还有石柏，叶子像侧柏，也是石桂之类。
【主治】各种芝捣成粉末，或者化水服用，能让人身体轻健、长生不老（葛洪）。
(Integrated Commentary) Ge Hong stated: There are five categories of Zhi (mushroom-like fungi in traditional Chinese medicine, often associated with immortality), namely Stone, Wood, Grass, Fungus, and Flesh, each comprising nearly a hundred species. The Daoist tradition possesses the "Illustrations of Stone Zhi." Stone Zhi refers to Zhi that resembles stone. It grows on the shores of famous mountains and islands by the sea, specifically in areas with accumulated rocks. Its appearance is fleshy, possessing a head, tail, and four limbs like a living creature, attached to large stones. Those that are red resemble coral; white ones resemble cut fat; black ones resemble *Phytolacca acinosa* (Ze Qi); green ones resemble kingfisher feathers; yellow ones resemble purple gold. All are luminous and translucent. The larger specimens weigh over ten jin, while smaller ones weigh three or four jin. They must be collected after fasting and sacrifices, then pounded into powder for consumption. Among these types are the Seven-Luminance Zhi and Nine-Luminance Zhi, which grow between high mountain cliffs near water. Their shape resembles plates or bowls, with a diameter not exceeding one chi, connected by stems rising three or four cun. Those with seven holes are named Seven-Luminance Zhi, and those with nine holes are named Nine-Luminance Zhi. Their luminescence resembles stars, visible within a distance of one hundred steps at night. They are typically monitored around the Autumn Equinox. Consumed as a powder using a square-inch spoon (Fang Cun Bi), the body immediately feels warm upon ingestion, and the taste is sweet and delicious. If one consumes a full jin, it grants longevity and immortality, enabling night vision.
Jade Fat Zhi grows in mountains where jade is produced. Jade paste flows out and condenses into Zhi over thousands of years. It takes the form of birds or beasts, with colors varying but often resembling dark jade, grey jade, or rock crystal. When obtained, it is pounded into powder and mixed with the juice of *Wuxin Cao* (Herba Glehniae or similar herb known as "Heartless Grass"), turning into liquid almost instantly. Consuming up to one Sheng promotes longevity.
Stone Honey Zhi grows in the stone caves of Mount Shaoshi. Deep valleys there are impassable; one can only observe Stone Honey flowing from above the stone opening into a stone canopy, dripping slowly over time. Consuming one Sheng grants longevity and immortality.
Stone Cinnamon Zhi grows in stone caves, having branches resembling cinnamon trees, but its fruits are made of stone. It stands about one chi tall, is luminous, and has a pungent taste.
Li Shizhen stated: The claims regarding immortals are vague and uncertain; however, the objects they describe do exist. Within the office of the Sub-Intendant of Puding in Guizhou Province, there is an artificial rockery containing a tree whose roots, trunk, and branches are all stone, yet it bears leaves resembling pomegranate leaves, lush and green, and flowers resembling cinnamon flowers, slightly yellow. In the Ding-Si year of the Jiajing era, Qianshi Jiao Xicheng wrote a poem to record this, comparing it to the story of King Kang turning pine wood to stone, but did not know its name. According to Li Shizhen's examination of the "Illustrations" and the text of *Baopuzi*, this is Stone Cinnamon Zhi. By the sea, there are Stone Plums with horizontal and slanting branches, and Stone Cypresses with leaves resembling *Platycladus orientalis* (Cacumen Platycladi), which are also classified as varieties of Stone Cinnamon.
[Therapeutic Actions] Various Zhi, when pounded into powder or dissolved in water and consumed, enable the body to become light and grant longevity and immortality (Ge Hong).