（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶出桂林·湘、漓诸江中。状如青鱼，大而少骨刺。色如竹色，青翠可
爱，鳞下间以朱点。味如鳜鱼肉，为广南珍品。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】和中益气，除湿气（时珍）。
（宋《开宝》）
【释名】子鱼。
时珍曰∶鲻，色缁黑，故名。粤人讹为子鱼。
【集解】志曰∶鲻鱼生江河浅水中。似鲤，身圆头扁，骨软，性喜食泥。
时珍曰∶生东海。状如青鱼，长者尺余。其子满腹，有黄脂味美，獭喜食之。吴越人以
为佳品，腌为鲞腊。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】开胃，通利五脏。久食，令人肥健。与百药无忌（《开宝》）。
（宋《开宝》）
【释名】 鱼（音乔，去声）。
时珍曰∶白亦作 。白者，色也。
【集解】刘翰曰∶生江湖中。色白头昂，大者长六七尺。
时珍曰∶ 形窄，腹扁，鳞细，头尾俱向上，肉中有细刺。武王白鱼入舟即此。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
诜曰∶鲜者宜和豉作羹，虽不发病，多食亦泥人。经宿者勿食，令人腹冷。炙食，亦少
动气。或腌，或糟藏，皆可食。
瑞曰∶多食生痰。与枣同食，患腰痛。
【主治】开胃下食，去水气，令人肥健（《开宝》）。
展不相及气（《食疗》）。治肝气不足，补肝
疮疖人食之，发脓（《日华》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶白鱼比他鱼似可食，亦能热中发疮。所谓补肝明目，调五脏，理十二
经络者，恐亦溢美之词，未足多信。当以《开宝》注为正。
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：竹鱼出产于桂林、湘江、漓江等江河之中。形状像青鱼，体型较大且骨刺较少。颜色像竹子的颜色，青翠可爱，鳞片下夹杂着红色的斑点。味道像鳜鱼的肉，是广南地区的珍品。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
（宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】子鱼。
李时珍说：鲻鱼颜色黑，所以叫鲻。广东人误称为子鱼。
【集解】苏颂说：鲻鱼生长在江河的浅水中。形状像鲤鱼，身体圆而头扁，骨头软，习性喜欢吃泥。
李时珍说：鲻鱼生长于东海。形状像青鱼，长的有一尺多。其鱼子充满腹部，有黄脂味美，水獭喜欢食用。吴越地区的人将其视为佳品，腌制为鲞腊。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
【主治】开胃，通利五脏。长期食用，能使人肥胖健壮。与各种药物无禁忌（《开宝本草》）。
（宋代《开宝本草》）
【释名】鮆鱼（音乔，去声）。
李时珍说：白也写作鮆。白指的是颜色。
【集解】刘翰说：鮆鱼生长在江湖中。颜色白，头昂起，大的长六七尺。
李时珍说：鮆鱼形体窄，腹部扁平，鳞片细密，头尾都向上翘，肉中有细刺。周武王渡河时白鱼入舟典故中的白鱼就是这种。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。
孟诜说：新鲜的适合配合豆豉做羹汤，虽然不引发疾病，但多吃也会滞气。隔夜的不要食用，会令人腹部寒冷。烤着吃，也容易动气。或者腌制，或用酒糟封存，都可以食用。
陈瑞说：多吃生痰。与枣同食，会导致腰痛。
【主治】开胃助消化，去除水气，使人肥胖健壮（《开宝本草》）。
张鼎《食疗本草》说：展不相及气（注：原文此处可能有脱漏或异文，意指不影响气机或特定语境下的描述，依原文直译）。治疗肝气不足，补肝。
《日华子诸家本草》说：疮疖患者食用，会化脓。
【发明】李时珍说：白鱼比其他鱼似乎可食，但也容易热中发疮。所谓补肝明目，调理五脏，理顺十二经络的说法，恐怕也是溢美之词，不值得过多相信。应当以《开宝本草》的记载为准。
(Integrated Commentary of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen stated: It is found in the rivers of Guilin, Xiang River, and Li River. Its shape resembles that of the black carp (Qingyu), being large with few spines. Its color resembles bamboo, appearing emerald green and lovely, with red spots interspersed beneath the scales. The taste resembles that of mandarin fish (Guirou) meat, making it a precious delicacy in Guangnan.
[Fragrance and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Harmonizes the middle jiao (middle burner), benefits qi, and removes dampness (Li Shizhen).
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Zi Fish.
Li Shizhen stated: Mullet (Ziyu) is named so because of its dark black color. People in Yue (Guangdong) erroneously call it Zi Fish.
[Collected Explanations] Su Song stated: Mullet lives in the shallow waters of rivers and lakes. It resembles the common carp, with a round body and flat head, soft bones, and a habit of eating mud.
Li Shizhen stated: It inhabits the East Sea. Its shape resembles the black carp, with some individuals exceeding one chi in length. Its roe fills the abdomen; it has a yellow fat-like flavor and is delicious, favored by otters. People in Wu and Yue consider it a premium item, preserving it as dried fish jerky.
[Fragrance and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Stimulates appetite, unblocks and benefits the five zang organs. Long-term consumption makes one plump and strong. It has no incompatibilities with various medicines (*Kaibao Bencao*).
(Song Dynasty *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Ci Fish (pronounced Qiao, departing tone).
Li Shizhen stated: Bai is also written as Ci. Bai refers to the color.
[Collected Explanations] Liu Han stated: It lives in rivers and lakes. It is white in color with an elevated head; large specimens are six or seven chi long.
Li Shizhen stated: The Ci fish has a narrow body, flat abdomen, fine scales, and both head and tail point upward. There are fine spines in its flesh. The "white fish entering the boat" allusion from King Wu of Zhou refers to this species.
[Fragrance and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Meng Shen stated: Fresh ones are suitable for making soup with fermented soybeans (Chi). Although they do not induce disease, excessive consumption causes stagnation of qi. Do not eat overnight fish, as it causes coldness in the abdomen. Roasted consumption may also stir up qi. They can be pickled or preserved with wine lees for consumption.
Chen Rui stated: Excessive consumption generates phlegm. Consuming it with dates causes lower back pain.
[Indications] Stimulates appetite and aids digestion, removes water-dampness, and makes one plump and strong (*Kaibao Bencao*).
Zhang Ding's *Shiliao* states: [Text fragment regarding qi dynamics]. Treats insufficiency of liver qi, tonifies the liver.
*Rihua Zizhu Jia Bencao* states: Consumption by patients with sores and boils induces suppuration.
[Elucidations] Li Shizhen stated: Compared to other fish, the white fish seems edible but can also cause internal heat and induce sores. The claims that it tonifies the liver, improves vision, regulates the five zang organs, and harmonizes the twelve meridians are likely exaggerated praises and should not be trusted too much. One should take the notes in *Kaibao Bencao* as authoritative.