（《别录》下品）
【释名】文贝（《纲目》）、 砑螺。
时珍曰∶《南州异物志》云∶文贝甚大，质白纹紫，天姿自然。不假外饰而光彩焕烂。
故名。
颂曰∶画家用以砑物。故名曰砑螺也。
【集解】恭曰∶紫贝出东、南海中。形似贝子而大二三寸，背有紫斑而骨白。南夷采以
为货市。
宗 曰∶紫贝背上深紫有黑点。
颂曰∶贝类极多，古人以为宝货，而紫贝尤贵。后世以多见贱，而药中亦希使之。
时珍曰∶按∶陆玑《诗疏》云∶紫贝，质白如玉，紫点为纹，皆行列相当。大者径一尺
七、八寸。交趾、九真以为杯盘。
【修治】同贝子。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】明目，去热毒（《唐本》）。小儿
【附方】新一。
疹入目∶紫贝一个（即砑螺也），生研细末，用羊肝切片，掺上扎定，米泔煮熟，瓶
盛
露一夜，空心嚼食之。（《婴童百问
（《别录》下品）
【释名】马轲螺（《纲目》）、
时珍曰∶珂，马勒饰也。此贝似之，故名。
徐表作马轲。《通典》云∶老雕入海为 。即珂也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶珂生南海。采无时。白如蚌。
恭曰∶珂，贝类也。大如鳆，皮黄黑而骨白，堪以为饰。
时珍曰∶按∶徐表《异物志》云∶马轲螺，大者围九寸，细者围七八寸，长三四寸。
【修治】 曰∶珂，要冬采得色白腻者，并有白旋水文。勿令见火，即无用也。凡用以
铜刀刮末研细，重罗再研千下，不入妇人药也。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】目翳，断血生肌（《唐本》）。消翳
珍）。
【附方】新二。
目生浮翳∶马珂三分，白龙脑半钱，枯过白矾一分，研匀点之。（《圣惠方》）
面黑令白∶马珂、白附子、珊瑚、鹰矢白等分，为末。每夜人乳调敷，旦以温浆水洗之。
（同上）
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】文贝（出自《本草纲目》）、砑螺。
李时珍说：《南州异物志》记载：文贝体型很大，质地洁白而纹理呈紫色，天然姿态优美。不需要借助外在装饰就光彩夺目，因此得名。
苏颂说：画家用它来打磨物体，因此称为砑螺。
【集解】陶弘景说：紫贝出产于东海和南海中。形状像贝壳但大二三寸，背部有紫色斑点而骨骼洁白。南方少数民族采集它作为货物交易。
寇宗奭说：紫贝背部深紫色并有黑点。
苏颂说：贝类极多，古人将其视为珍宝货币，其中紫贝尤其珍贵。后世因为多见而轻视，且医药中也很少使用它。
李时珍说：查考陆玑《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》记载：紫贝，质地洁白如玉，紫色斑点形成纹路，排列整齐相当。大的直径有一尺七、八寸。交趾、九真地区的人把它做成杯盘。
【修治】处理方法同贝子。
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。
【附方】新增一方。
疹毒入眼：取紫贝一个（即砑螺），生研成细末，用羊肝切片，将药末撒在肝片上扎紧，用米泔水煮熟，装在瓶中露置一夜，空腹嚼食。（出自《婴童百问》）
（收录于《名医别录》下品）
【释名】马轲螺（出自《本草纲目》）。
李时珍说：珂，是马笼头上的饰物。这种贝形状像它，因此得名。
徐表写作“马轲”。《通典》记载：老雕入海化为[某种贝]，就是珂。
【集解】《名医别录》说：珂出产于南海。采集没有固定时间。颜色白如蚌壳。
陶弘景说：珂，属于贝类。大小如鲍鱼，皮色黄黑而骨骼洁白，可以用来做装饰。
李时珍说：查考徐表《异物志》记载：马轲螺，大的周长九寸，小的周长七八寸，长三四寸。
【修治】[缺名]说：珂，要在冬天采集，选取色泽白腻的，并且要有白色的旋涡状纹理。不要让火接触，否则就没有药效了。凡是用它，要用铜刀刮成粉末细细研磨，过筛后再研磨一千次，不用于妇女的药物中。
【气味】味咸，性平，无毒。
【主治】目翳，止血生肌（出自《唐本草》）。消除翳障……（出自[缺名]）。
【附方】新增二方。
眼睛生浮翳：取马珂三分，白龙脑半钱，枯过的白矾一分，研匀后点眼。（出自《圣惠方》）
面部黝黑令其变白：取马珂、白附子、珊瑚、鹰矢白各等分，研成粉末。每晚用人乳调和敷面，早晨用温浆水清洗。（同上）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bencao Jing Jizhu* / *Supplement to the Materia Medica*)
**Names:** Wenbei (as cited in *Bencao Gangmu*), Yaluo.
Li Shizhen states: The *Nanzhou Yiwuzhi* records that Wenbei is very large, with a white texture and purple patterns, possessing a natural elegance. It shines brilliantly without needing external adornment, hence its name.
Su Song states: Painters use it to polish objects; hence it is called Yaluo.
**Collected Explanations:**
Tao Hongjing states: Zibei (Purple Cowrie) grows in the East and South Seas. Its shape resembles a common shell but is two or three cun larger, with purple spots on the back and white bone. Southern minorities harvest it as merchandise for trade.
Kou Zongshi states: The back of Zibei is deep purple with black dots.
Su Song states: There are many types of shells; the ancients regarded them as precious currency, among which Zibei was particularly valued. In later generations, due to their abundance, they were despised, and rarely used in medicine.
Li Shizhen states: According to Lu Ji’s *Commentary on the Classic of Poetry*, Zibei has a texture white as jade, with purple spots forming patterns arranged in neat rows. The largest have a diameter of seven or eight chi. People in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen make cups and plates from them.
**Processing:** Same as Beizi (Cowrie Shell).
**Nature and Flavor:** Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Brightens the eyes, eliminates heat toxins (*Tang Bencao*). For children...
**New Prescriptions:** One new prescription.
Rash entering the eyes: Take one Zibei (i.e., Yaluo), grind it into a fine powder while raw. Slice mutton liver, sprinkle the powder on the slices, tie them securely, cook thoroughly in rice washing water, store in a jar, and expose to dew overnight. Chew and swallow on an empty stomach (*Yingtong Baiwen*).
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Bencao Jing Jizhu* / *Supplement to the Materia Medica*)
**Names:** Maikesuo (as cited in *Bencao Gangmu*).
Li Shizhen states: Ke refers to horse bridle ornaments. This shell resembles such ornaments, hence its name.
Xu Biao writes it as "Ma Ke". The *Tongdian* records that old vultures transform into [a type of shell] upon entering the sea; this is Ke.
**Collected Explanations:**
*Bencao Jing Jizhu* states: Ke grows in the South Sea. It can be harvested at any time. It is white like a clam.
Tao Hongjing states: Ke belongs to the shell family. It is as large as a abalone, with yellow-black skin and white bone, suitable for ornamentation.
Li Shizhen states: According to Xu Biao’s *Yiwuzhi*, Maikesuo has a circumference of nine cun for the largest, and seven or eight cun for the smaller ones, with a length of three or four cun.
**Processing:** [Name missing] states: Ke should be harvested in winter, selecting those that are white and smooth in texture, featuring white spiral patterns. Do not expose to fire, or it will lose efficacy. When using it, scrape it with a copper knife into powder, grind finely, sieve, and grind again a thousand times. It is not used in prescriptions for women.
**Nature and Flavor:** Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
**Indications:** Treats leukoma (corneal opacity), stops bleeding, and promotes tissue regeneration (*Tang Bencao*). Eliminates opacities... (from [Name missing]).
**New Prescriptions:** Two new prescriptions.
Floating leukoma on the eye: Mix 3 fen of Ma Ke, 0.5 qian of White Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), and 1 fen of calcined Bai Fan (Alumen) into a uniform powder, and apply to the eye (*Shenghui Fang*).
Darkening of the face to make it white: Mix equal parts of Ma Ke, Baifuzi (Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparatum), Shanhu (Coral), and Yingshibai (Accipiteris Fructus) into powder. Apply nightly mixed with human milk, and wash off in the morning with warm grain water (same source).