（《证类》）
【释名】桑牛、天螺（《纲目》）。
【集解】
慎微曰∶此螺全似蜗牛，黄色而小，雨后好援桑叶。
时珍曰∶此螺诸木上皆有，独取桑上者，正如桑螵蛸之意。
【气味】缺。
【主治】大肠脱肛，烧研和猪脂涂之，立缩（慎微。出《范汪方》）
枚焙研，米饮服（时珍。出《宫气方》）。
【发明】
震亨曰∶小儿惊风，以蜜丸通圣散服之，间以桑树上牛儿阴干，焙研为末服之，以平其
风。
时珍曰∶桑牛、蜗牛、蛞蝓三物，皆一类而形略殊，故其性味功用皆相仿佛。而桑牛治
惊，又与僵蚕、螵蛸同功。皆食桑者，其气能入肝平风也。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】射工（《拾遗》）、射影（《诗疏》）、水弩（同）、抱枪（《杂俎》）、含沙（《诗
注》）
时珍曰∶此虫足角如弩，以气为矢，因水势含沙以射人影成病，故有射弩诸名。《酉阳
杂俎》谓之抱枪。云∶形如 蜣，稍大，腹下有刺似枪，螫人有毒也。《玄中记》云
者，视其形，虫也。见其气，鬼也。其头、喙，如狐也。《五行传》云∶南方淫惑之气所生，
故谓之蜮。《诗》云∶为鬼为蜮，则不可得。即此物也。
【集解】藏器曰∶射工出南方有溪毒处山林间。大如鸡子，形似
角上有四岐，黑甲下有翅能飞。六
之。
慎微曰∶《玄中记》云∶水狐虫长三、四寸，其色黑，广寸许，背上有甲，浓三分。其
口有角，向前如弩，以气射人，去二、三步即中人，十死六、七也。《博物志》云∶射工，
江南山溪水
礼》∶壶涿氏掌除水
时珍曰∶射工长二、三寸，广寸许，形扁，前阔后狭，颇似蝉状，故《抱朴子》言其状
如鸣蜩也。腹软背硬，如鳖负甲，黑色，故陆玑言其形如鳖也。六、七月甲下有翅能飞，作
铋铋声。阔
足如蟹足∶二
如横弩上矢之状。冬则蛰于谷间，所居之处，大雪不积，气起如蒸。掘下一尺可得，阴干留
用。蟾蜍、鸳鸯能食之，鹅、鸭能辟之。故《禽经》云∶鹅飞则蜮沉。又有水虎，亦水狐之
类；有鬼弹，乃
【附录】水虎
时珍曰∶《襄沔记》云∶中庐县有涑水，注沔。中有物，如三、四岁小儿，甲如鲮鲤，
射不
摘其鼻，可小小使之。名曰水虎。
月可渡，余月则杀人。其气有恶物作声，不见其形，中人则青烂，名曰鬼弹。
角
【主治】带之辟溪毒（藏器）。
【发明】
时珍曰∶按∶葛洪《肘后方》云∶溪毒中人，一名中水，一名中溪，一名水病，似射工
而无
注下不禁，
为阴毒，小缓。皆杀人，不过二十日。方家用药，与伤寒、温病相似。或以小蒜煮汤浴之，
及诸药方。又云∶江南射工毒虫，在山涧水中。人行或浴，则此虫含沙射人形影则病。有四
种，初得
穿陷；一种突起如石；一种如火灼 疮也。疗之并有方法。王充《论衡》云∶短狐含太阳毒
气而生，故有弓矢射人，中人如火灼也。
（出自《证类本草》）
【释名】桑牛、天螺（出自《本草纲目》）。
【集解】
慎微说：这种螺完全像蜗牛，黄色且小，雨后喜欢攀爬桑叶。
李时珍说：这种螺在多种树木上都有，唯独选取生长在桑树上的，正如“桑螵蛸”命名的用意一样。
【气味】记载缺失。
【主治】大肠脱肛，将其烧成炭研末，与猪脂混合涂抹，立刻能缩回（慎微引自《范汪方》）。
将枚数枚焙干研末，用米汤送服（李时珍引自《宫气方》）。
【发明】
朱震亨说：治疗小儿惊风，用蜜丸服用通圣散，中间穿插使用桑树上生长的桑牛，阴干后焙干研末服用，以平息肝风。
李时珍说：桑牛、蜗牛、蛞蝓这三种生物，属于同一类但形态略有不同，所以它们的性味和功效都相似。而桑牛治疗惊风，又与僵蚕、桑螵蛸功效相同。因为它们都吃桑叶，其气机能入肝经以平熄内风。
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】射工（出自《本草拾遗》）、射影（出自《毛诗正义疏》）、水弩（同上）、抱枪（出自《酉阳杂俎》）、含沙（出自《毛诗注》）。
李时珍说：这种虫足部有角像弩弓，以气息为箭，借助水流含着沙粒来射击人的影子从而致病，所以有射弩等名称。《酉阳杂俎》称它为抱枪。说它形状像屎壳郎，稍大一些，腹部下方有刺像枪，蜇人有毒。《玄中记》说：看它的形体，是虫；见到它的气息，是鬼。它的头、嘴，像狐狸。《五行传》说：这是南方淫乱惑乱之气所生，所以叫作蜮。《诗经》说：“像鬼又像蜮，让人无可奈何。”指的就是这种东西。
【集解】
陈藏器说：射工出产于南方有溪毒的山林间。大如鸡蛋，形状像……（原文此处可能有缺漏或排版错误，结合下文推测为鳖或类似形态），角上有四个分叉，黑色甲壳下有翅膀能飞。六……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。
慎微说：《玄中记》记载：水狐虫长三、四寸，颜色黑，宽约一寸，背上有甲，厚三分。它的口部长有角，向前像弩弓，以气息射击人，距离二、三步就能中人，十人中六七人会死。《博物志》说：射工，江南山溪水……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。《周礼》记载：壶涿氏掌管清除水中的……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。
李时珍说：射工长二、三寸，宽约一寸，形状扁平，前宽后窄，很像蝉的样子，所以《抱朴子》说它的形状像鸣叫的蝉。腹部软背部硬，像鳖背着甲，黑色，所以陆玑说它的形状像鳖。六月、七月甲壳下有翅膀能飞，发出铋铋的声音。阔……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。足像蟹足：二……（原文此处可能有缺漏），像横弩上箭的形状。冬天则蛰伏在山谷间，它居住的地方，大雪不堆积，热气升起像蒸腾一样。掘下一尺深可以找到，阴干留用。蟾蜍、鸳鸯能吃它，鹅、鸭能辟除它。所以《禽经》说：鹅飞起来蜮就沉下去。又有水虎，也是水狐之类；有鬼弹，乃是……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。
【附录】水虎
李时珍说：《襄沔记》记载：中庐县有涑水，注入沔水。水中有一种物，像三四岁的小孩，甲壳像穿山甲，射……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。摘取它的鼻子，可以稍微驱使它。名叫水虎。
月可渡，其余月份则杀人。它的气息中有恶物发出声音，看不见它的形体，中人则皮肤青烂，名叫鬼弹。角……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。
【发明】
李时珍说：按：葛洪《肘后备急方》记载：溪毒中人，一名中水，一名中溪，一名水病，似射工而无……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。注下不禁，……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。为阴毒，病情较缓。都会致死，不超过二十天。医生用药，与伤寒、温病相似。或者用小蒜煮汤沐浴，以及使用各种药方。又说：江南射工毒虫，在山涧水中。人行走或洗澡时，这种虫含着沙粒射击人的形影就会生病。有四种，初得……（原文此处可能有缺漏）。穿陷；一种突起像石头；一种如火灼……疮也。治疗它们都有方法。王充《论衡》说：短狐含着太阳毒气而生，所以有弓矢射人，中人如火灼伤一样。
(From *Zhenglei Bencao*)
[Names] Sangniu (Mulberry Beetle), Tianluo (Heavenly Snail) (from *Bencao Gangmu*).
[Collected Explanations]
Shenwei stated: This snail is entirely similar to a garden snail, yellow and small, and likes to climb mulberry leaves after rain.
Li Shizhen stated: This snail exists on various trees, but only those found on mulberry trees are selected, just as the naming intention of "Sangpiaoxiao" (Mantis Egg Case from Mulberry Tree).
[Flavor and Properties] Not recorded.
[Indications] Rectal prolapse. Burn it into charcoal, grind into powder, mix with pig fat, and apply externally; the prolapse will retract immediately (Shenwei, citing *Fang Wang Fang*).
Roast several specimens until dry, grind into powder, and take with rice water decoction (Li Shizhen, citing *Gongqi Fang*).
[Innovations]
Zhenheng stated: For pediatric convulsions (Xiao'er Jingfeng), administer Tongsheng San pills with honey. Interspersed with this treatment, use Sangniu (Mulberry Beetles) harvested from mulberry trees, dried in shade, roasted, ground into powder, and taken orally to calm wind.
Li Shizhen stated: Sangniu (Mulberry Beetles), garden snails (Woniu), and slugs (Kuoyu) belong to the same category but have slight morphological differences; thus, their nature, flavor, and efficacy are similar. Sangniu treats convulsions, sharing the same efficacy as Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) and Piaoxiao (Mantis Egg Case). Since they all feed on mulberry leaves, their qi can enter the Liver meridian to pacify internal wind.
(From *Bencao Shiyi*)
[Names] Shegong (Archery Worker), Sheying (Shadow Shooter) (from *Mao Shi Zhengyi Shu*), Shuinu (Water Crossbow), Baoqiang (Embracing Spear) (from *Youyang Zazu), Hansha (Sand Holder) (from *Mao Shi Zhu*).
Li Shizhen stated: This insect has horn-like projections on its feet resembling a crossbow, uses breath as arrows, and relies on water currents to hold sand to shoot at human shadows causing illness; hence names like Shegnu. *Youyang Zazu* calls it Baoqiang. It says: Its shape resembles a dung beetle, slightly larger, with spear-like thorns under its belly that sting and are toxic. *Xuanzhong Ji* states: Looking at its form, it is an insect; perceiving its aura, it is a ghost. Its head and beak resemble a fox. *Wuxing Zhuan* states: It is generated by the excessive and confusing qi of the South, hence called Yu (*Shi Jing*): "Like a ghost, like a Yu, making it impossible to grasp." This refers to this creature.
[Collected Explanations]
Cangqi stated: Shegong emerges in mountainous forests in the South where stream toxins exist. It is as large as a chicken egg, shaped like... [text missing], with four-pronged horns, black shell, and wings underneath allowing flight. Six... [text missing].
Shenwei stated: *Xuanzhong Ji* records: The Water Fox Insect is 3-4 cun long, black in color, about 1 cun wide, with a shell on its back three fen thick. Its mouth has horns pointing forward like a crossbow, shooting breath at people; within two or three steps it hits, killing six or seven out of ten. *Bowuzhi* states: Shegong, Jiangnan mountain stream water... [text missing]. *Zhou Li* records: Huzhuoshi is in charge of removing water... [text missing].
Li Shizhen stated: Shegong is 2-3 cun long, about 1 cun wide, flat-shaped, wider at the front and narrower at the back, resembling a cicada, which is why *Baopuzi* describes its shape like a singing cicada. Soft abdomen, hard back like a turtle carrying a shell, black, so Lu Ji described its shape like a turtle. In June and July, wings appear under the shell allowing flight, making a bi-bi sound. Wide... [text missing]. Feet like crab legs: two... [text missing], resembling arrows on a horizontal crossbow. In winter, it hibernates in valleys. Where it resides, heavy snow does not accumulate, and steam rises as if boiling. Digging one chi deep can find them; dry in shade for storage. Toads and mandarin ducks can eat them; geese and ducks can repel them. Thus *Qin Jing* states: When geese fly, Yu sinks. There is also Shuihu (Water Tiger), also a type of Water Fox; there is Guidan (Ghost Bullet), which is... [text missing].
[Appendix] Shuihu (Water Tiger)
Li Shizhen stated: *Xiangmian Ji* records: In Zhonglu County, there is the Su River flowing into the Mian River. In it lives a creature resembling a three-to-four-year-old child, with a shell like a pangolin, shooting... [text missing]. Plucking its nose allows one to command it slightly. Named Shuihu.
It can be crossed in certain months, but kills in others. Its aura contains evil entities making sounds, invisible; hitting humans causes green rotting skin, named Guidan (Ghost Bullet). Horns... [text missing].
[Indications] Wearing it repels stream toxins (Cangqi).
[Innovations]
Li Shizhen stated: According to Ge Hong's *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Stream toxin affecting humans is also called Zhongshui (Mid-Water), Zhongxi (Mid-Stream), or Shuibing (Water Disease), similar to Shegong but without... [text missing]. Uncontrollable diarrhea... [text missing]. Classified as Yin Du (Yin Toxin), milder course. All are fatal within twenty days. Physicians' prescriptions resemble those for Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wenbing (Warm Diseases). Some recommend bathing in decoction of small garlic, along with other formulas. It also states: Jiangnan Shegong venomous insects live in mountain stream waters. When people walk or bathe, these insects hold sand and shoot at human shadows causing illness. There are four types: initially... [text missing]. Penetrating lesions; one type protrudes like a stone; one type resembles fire burns... ulcers. Treatment methods exist for each. Wang Chong's *Lunheng* states: Duanhu (Short Fox) is born containing solar toxic qi, hence having bow and arrow capabilities to shoot humans, causing injuries like fire burns.