（《本经》下品）
【释名】黄踯躅（《纲目》）、黄杜鹃（《蒙筌》）、羊不食草（《拾遗》）、闹羊花（《纲
目》
弘景曰∶羊食其叶，踯躅而死，故名。闹当作恼。恼，乱也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶羊踯躅生太行山川谷及淮南山。三月采花，阴干。
弘景曰∶近道诸山皆有之。花、苗似鹿葱，不可近眼。
恭曰∶花亦不似鹿葱，正似旋花色黄者也。
保升曰∶小树高二尺，叶似桃叶，花黄似瓜花。三月、四月采花，日干。
颂曰∶所在有之。春生苗似鹿葱，叶似红花，茎高三四尺。夏开花似凌霄花、山石榴辈，
正黄色，羊食之则死。今岭南、蜀道山谷遍生，皆深红色如锦绣。然或云此种不入药。
时珍曰∶韩保升所说似桃叶者最的。其花五出，蕊瓣皆黄，气味皆恶。苏颂所谓深红色
者，即山石榴名红踯躅者，无毒，与此别类。张揖《广雅》谓踯躅一名决光者，误矣。决光，
决明也。按唐《李绅文集》言∶骆谷多山枇杷，毒能杀人，其花明艳，与杜鹃花相似，樵者
识之。其说似羊踯躅，未知是否？要亦其类耳。
花
【气味】辛，温，有大毒。
权曰∶恶诸石及面，不入汤使，伏丹砂、 砂、雌黄，畏栀子。
【主治】贼风在皮肤中淫淫痛，温疟恶毒诸痹（《本经》）。
【发明】颂曰∶古之大方多用踯躅。如胡洽治时行赤散，及治五嗽四满丸之类，并治风
诸酒方皆杂用之。又治百病风湿等，鲁王酒中亦用踯躅花。今医方捋脚汤中多用之。南方治
蛊毒下血，有踯躅花散，云甚胜。
时珍曰∶此物有大毒，曾有人以其根入酒饮，遂至于毙也。《和剂局方》治中风瘫痪伏
虎丹中亦用之，不多服耳。
【附方】新四。
风痰注痛∶踯躅花、天南星，并生时同捣作饼，甑上蒸四五遍，以稀葛囊盛之。临时取
焙为末，蒸饼丸梧子大。每服三丸，温酒下。腰脚骨痛，空心服；手臂痛，食后服，大良。
（《续传信方》）
痛风走注∶黄踯躅根一把，糯米一盏，黑豆半盏，酒、水各一碗，徐徐服。大吐大泄，
一服
风湿痹痛，手足身体收摄不遂，肢节疼痛，言语蹇涩∶踯躅花酒拌蒸一炊久，晒干为末。
每以牛乳一合，酒二合，调服五分。（《圣惠方》）
风虫牙痛∶踯躅一钱，草乌头二钱半，为末，化腊丸豆大。绵包一丸，咬之，追涎。（《海
上仙方》）
【附录】山踯躅时珍曰∶处处山谷有之。高者四五尺，低者一、二尺。
春生苗叶，浅绿色。枝少而花繁，一枝数萼。二月始开花如羊踯躅，而蒂如石榴花，有
红者、紫者、五出者、千叶者。小儿食其花，味酸无毒。一名红踯躅，一名山石榴，一名映
山红，一名杜鹃花。其黄色者，即有毒羊踯躅也。
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】黄踯躅（出自《本草纲目》）、黄杜鹃（出自《蒙筌》）、羊不食草（出自《拾遗》）、闹羊花（出自《本草纲目》）。
陶弘景说：羊吃了它的叶子，会因踯躅（徘徊挣扎）而死，所以得名。“闹”字应当作“恼”。恼，意为扰乱。
【集解】《名医别录》说：羊踯躅生长在太行山的川谷以及淮南山地。三月采集花朵，阴干备用。
陶弘景说：附近各山都有生长。它的花和苗类似鹿葱，不能靠近眼睛看。
苏恭说：花也不像鹿葱，正像是颜色发黄的旋花。
韩保升说：小树高两尺，叶子像桃叶，花黄色像瓜花。三月、四月采集花朵，晒干。
苏颂说：各地都有生长。春天生出幼苗像鹿葱，叶子像红花，茎高三四尺。夏天开花像凌霄花、山石榴之类，纯正的黄色，羊吃了就会死。现在岭南、蜀道山谷中遍地生长，都是深红色如锦绣一般。然而有人说这种颜色的不入药。
李时珍说：韩保升所说的像桃叶的那种最准确。它的花有五瓣，花蕊和花瓣都是黄色的，气味都很恶臭。苏颂所说的深红色的，就是山石榴名叫红踯躅的，无毒，与此属于不同类别。张揖在《广雅》中说踯躅又名决光，这是错误的。决光，是指决明。按唐代李绅的文集中记载：骆谷多产山枇杷，有毒能杀人，它的花明亮艳丽，与杜鹃花相似，砍柴的人认识它。这种说法似乎指的是羊踯躅，不知是否确切？但也算是同一类植物罢了。
花
【气味】辛味，温性，有大毒。
陈藏器说：厌恶各种石类药物及面粉，不进入汤剂使用，能被丹砂、雄黄、雌黄克制，畏惧栀子。
【主治】贼风在皮肤中浸淫作痛，温疟、恶毒及各种痹证（出自《神农本草经》）。
【发明】苏颂说：古时候的大方剂多用踯躅。比如胡洽治疗时行赤散，以及治疗五嗽四满丸之类的方子，还有治疗风症的诸酒方都混杂使用它。又比如治疗百病风湿等症，鲁王酒中也用踯躅花。现在的医方捋脚汤中多用它。南方治疗蛊毒下血，有踯躅花散，据说效果很好。
李时珍说：此物有大毒，曾有人将它的根泡酒饮用，结果导致死亡。《太平惠民和剂局方》治疗中风瘫痪的伏虎丹中也用它，但不多服用。
【附方】新收四则。
风痰注痛：踯躅花、天南星，都在新鲜时一起捣碎做成饼，在蒸笼上蒸四五次，用稀薄的葛布囊盛装。临时取出来焙干研成末，用蒸饼做丸，大小如梧桐子。每次服用三丸，温酒送下。腰脚骨痛，空腹服用；手臂痛，饭后服用，效果很好。（出自《续传信方》）
痛风走注：黄踯躅根一把，糯米一盏，黑豆半盏，酒和水各一碗，慢慢服用。会引起剧烈呕吐和腹泻，一服即效。
风湿痹痛，手足身体拘挛不能随意运动，肢节疼痛，言语蹇涩：踯躅花用酒拌着蒸一顿饭的时间，晒干研成末。每次用牛乳一合，酒二合，调服五分。（出自《圣惠方》）
风虫牙痛：踯躅一钱，草乌头二钱半，研成末，用蜂蜡化开做成豆大的丸药。用棉包裹一丸，咬住，促使流涎。（出自《海上仙方》）
【附录】山踯躅 李时珍说：各处山谷都有生长。高的四五尺，矮的一二尺。
春天生出苗叶，浅绿色。枝条少而花繁茂，一枝上有数个花萼。二月开始开花像羊踯躅，但花蒂像石榴花，有红色的、紫色的、五瓣的、千叶的。小孩吃它的花，味道酸且无毒。一名红踯躅，一名山石榴，一名映山红，一名杜鹃花。其中黄色的，就是有毒的羊踯躅。
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Huangzhizhu (Yellow Rhododendron) (*Bencao Gangmu*), Huang Dujue (Yellow Azalea) (*Mengquan*), Yang Bushi Cao (Herb Goats Do Not Eat) (*Shiyi*), Naoyanghua (Naoyang Flower) (*Bencao Gangmu*).
Tao Hongjing stated: "Goats eat its leaves and die from thrashing about (zhi zhu), hence the name. 'Nao' should be written as 'Nao'. Nao means to disturb."
**[Collection and Explanation]** *Bielu* states: "Yangzhizhu grows in the valleys of Mount Taihang and the mountains south of the Huai River. Collect the flowers in the third lunar month and dry them in the shade."
Tao Hongjing stated: "It is found in various mountains near the capital. Its flowers and seedlings resemble those of *Hemerocallis middendorffii* (Luzhong); it must not be brought close to the eyes."
Su Gong stated: "The flower does not resemble Luzhong; it is exactly like the yellow-flowered *Convolvulus arvensis* (Xuanhua)."
Han Baosheng stated: "It is a small tree, two chi tall. The leaves resemble peach leaves, and the flowers are yellow like melon flowers. Collect the flowers in the third and fourth lunar months and dry them in the sun."
Su Song stated: "It is available everywhere. In spring, the seedlings emerge resembling Luzhong, with leaves resembling red flowers, and stems three or four chi high. In summer, it blooms resembling *Campsis grandiflora* (Lingxiaohua) and *Punica granatum* (Shanshiliu), with a pure yellow color; goats die after eating it. Currently, in Lingnan and the Shu roads, valleys are filled with growth, all deep red like brocade. However, some say this variety is not used in medicine."
Li Shizhen stated: "What Han Baosheng described as resembling peach leaves is the most accurate. Its flowers have five petals, with both stamens and petals being yellow, and the odor is foul. The deep-red variety mentioned by Su Song is the *Punica granatum* known as Hongzhizhu, which is non-toxic and belongs to a different category. Zhang Yi in *Guangya* claimed that Zhizhu is also called Jueguang, which is incorrect. Jueguang refers to *Cassia obtusifolia* (Jueming). According to the collected works of Li Shen of the Tang Dynasty: 'Lu Valley has many wild loquats, which are toxic and can kill humans; their flowers are bright and beautiful, resembling azaleas, and woodcutters recognize them.' This description seems to refer to Yangzhizhu, though it is uncertain. It is likely of the same class."
**Flower**
**[Nature and Flavor]** Pungent, Warm, Highly Toxic.
Chen Zangqi stated: "It is incompatible with various mineral drugs and flour; it is not included in decoctions. Its toxicity is subdued by Cinnabar (Dansha), Realgar (Xionghuang), and Orpiment (Xihuang); it fears Gardenia (Zhizi)."
**[Indications]** Wind-pathogens lurking in the skin causing creeping pain, warm malaria, malignant toxins, and various Bi-syndromes (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
**[Elucidation]** Su Song stated: "Ancient major formulas often used Zhizhu. For example, Hu Qia's treatment for epidemic red rash, and formulas such as Wusu Siman Wan for treating coughs and fullness, as well as various wine preparations for wind syndromes, all mixed it in. Furthermore, for treating rheumatism from wind and dampness in hundred diseases, Lu King's Wine also used Zhizhu flowers. Current medical prescriptions, such as Lujiao Tang, use it frequently. In the South, for treating gu poison with bloody stool, there is Zhizuhua San, said to be very effective."
Li Shizhen stated: "This substance is highly toxic. There was a case where someone drank wine infused with its roots, resulting in death. The *Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang* uses it in Fuhu Dan for treating stroke-induced paralysis, but only in small doses."
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Four new prescriptions.
**Wind-phlegm injecting pain:** Fresh Zhizhu flowers and Arisaema cum Bile (Tiannanxing) are pounded together into cakes, steamed over a steamer four or five times, and stored in thin kudzu cloth bags. When needed, take, bake until dry, powder, and form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take three pills each time with warm wine. For lower back and foot bone pain, take on an empty stomach; for arm pain, take after meals. Highly effective. (*Xu Chuanxin Fang*)
**Gouty wandering pain:** One handful of Huangzhizhu roots, one zhan of glutinous rice, half a zhan of black soybeans, one bowl of wine, and one bowl of water. Drink slowly. Causes severe vomiting and diarrhea; effective with one dose.
**Wind-damp Bi-pain, contraction and inability to move hands, feet, and body, joint pain, slurred speech:** Steep Zhizhu flowers in wine for the duration of one meal, dry in the sun, and powder. Mix 0.5 fen with one he of cow milk and two he of wine, then take orally. (*Shenghui Fang*)
**Wind-worm toothache:** One qian of Zhizhu and two and a half qian of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Caowutou). Powder them, melt beeswax to form pills the size of beans. Wrap one pill in cotton, bite it, and promote salivation. (*Haishang Xianfang*)
**[Appendix] Shanzhizhu.** Li Shizhen stated: "It grows in valleys everywhere. It is four or five chi high, or one to two chi low.
In spring, seedlings and leaves emerge, light green. Branches are few, but flowers are abundant, with several calyxes per branch. Flowers begin in the second lunar month, resembling Yangzhizhu, but the calyx resembles that of *Punica granatum*. Colors include red, purple, five-petaled, and double-petaled varieties. Children who eat its flowers find the taste sour and non-toxic. It is also known as Hongzhizhu, Shanshiliu, Yingshanhong, and Dujuanhua. The yellow-flowered variety is the toxic Yangzhizhu."