（宋《嘉 》）
【释名】黄瓜。
藏器曰∶北人避石勒讳，改呼黄瓜，至今因之。
时珍曰∶张骞使西域得种，故名胡瓜。按∶杜宝《拾遗录》云∶隋大业四年避讳，改胡
瓜为黄瓜。与陈氏之说微异。今俗以《月令》王瓜生即此，误矣。王瓜，土瓜也。见草部。
【集解】时珍曰∶胡瓜处处有之。正、二月下种，三月生苗引蔓。
叶如冬瓜叶，亦有毛。四五月开黄花，结瓜围二、三寸，长者至尺许，青色，皮上有
如疣子，至老则黄赤色。其子与菜瓜子同。一种五月种者，霜时结瓜，白色而短，并生
熟可食，兼蔬 之用，糟酱不及菜瓜也。
【气味】甘，寒，有小毒。
诜曰∶不可多食，动寒热，多疟病，积瘀热，发疰气，令人虚热上逆少气，损阴
血，发疮疥香港脚，虚肿百病。天行病后，不可食之。小儿切忌，滑中生疳虫。不可多用醋。
【主治】清热解渴，利水道（宁原）。
【附方】旧一，新六。
小儿热痢∶嫩黄瓜同蜜食十余枚，良。（《海上名方》）。
水病肚胀，四肢浮肿∶用胡瓜一个破开，连子以醋煮一半，水煮一半至烂，空心俱食之，
须臾下水也。（《千金髓》）。
小儿出汗∶香瓜丸∶用黄连、胡黄连、黄柏、川大黄（煨熟）、鳖甲（醋炙）、柴胡、芦
荟、青皮等分为末。用大黄瓜黄色者一个，割下头，填药至满，盖定签住，慢火煨熟，同捣
烂，入面糊丸绿豆大。每服二、三丸，大者五、七丸至十丸，食后新水下。（钱乙《小儿方》）。
咽喉肿痛∶老黄瓜一枚去子，入消填满，阴干为末。每以少许吹之。（《医林集要》）。
杖疮 肿∶六月六日，取黄瓜入瓷瓶中，水浸之。每以水扫于疮上，立效。（《医林集
要》）。
火眼赤痛∶五月取老黄瓜一条，上开小孔，去瓤，入芒硝令满，悬阴处，待消透出刮下，
留点眼甚效。（《寿域神方》）。
汤火伤灼∶五月五日，掐黄瓜入瓶内封，挂檐下，取水刷之，良。（《医方摘要》）。
叶
【气味】苦，平，有小毒。
【主治】小儿闪癖，一岁用一叶，生 搅汁服，得吐、下良（藏器）。
根
【主治】捣敷狐刺毒肿（大明）。
（出自宋代《嘉祐本草》）
【释名】黄瓜。
陈藏器说：北方人为了避讳石勒的名字，改称为黄瓜，至今沿袭这一称呼。
李时珍说：张骞出使西域时获得了这种种子，所以名叫胡瓜。据杜宝《拾遗录》记载：隋朝大业四年为避讳，将胡瓜改为黄瓜。这与陈氏的说法略有不同。现在民间误以为《礼记·月令》中提到的“王瓜生”就是黄瓜，这是错误的。王瓜，即土瓜，见草部。
【集解】李时珍说：胡瓜各地都有种植。正月、二月播种，三月生出苗藤。
叶子像冬瓜叶，也有毛。四五月开黄花，结出的瓜直径二、三寸，长的可达一尺左右，青色，皮上有如疣子般的突起，老了以后变成黄红色。它的籽与菜瓜的籽相同。有一种五月种植的，霜降时节结瓜，白色且短小，生熟均可食用，兼具蔬菜和酱菜的用途，用糟或酱腌制不如菜瓜好。
【气味】味甘，性寒，有小毒。
孟诜说：不可多吃，会引发寒热病，多患疟疾，积聚瘀热，诱发疰气，使人虚热上逆、气短，损伤阴血，引发疮疥和香港脚（足癣），导致虚肿和各种疾病。流行性疾病痊愈后，不可食用。小儿切忌食用，易致肠道滑利而生疳虫。不可多用醋拌食。
【主治】清热解渴，通利水道（宁原）。
【附方】旧方一个，新方六个。
小儿热痢：嫩黄瓜同蜂蜜吃十余枚，效果良好。（《海上名方》）。
水肿腹胀，四肢浮肿：取一个胡瓜剖开，连籽用醋煮一半，用水煮另一半至烂，空腹全部吃完，不久就会排尿。（《千金髓方》）。
小儿出汗：香瓜丸：用黄连、胡黄连、黄柏、川大黄（煨熟）、鳖甲（醋炙）、柴胡、芦荟、青皮等分研末。取一个大而黄的黄瓜，割下顶部，填入药物至满，盖好并用签子固定，慢火煨熟，一起捣烂，加入面糊制成绿豆大的丸药。每次服用二、三丸，大点的五、七丸到十丸，饭后用新汲水送服。（钱乙《小儿方》）。
咽喉肿痛：老黄瓜一枚去籽，填入消石填满，阴干研末。每次取少许吹入患处。（《医林集要》）。
杖疮肿胀：六月六日，取黄瓜放入瓷瓶中，加水浸泡。每次取水涂抹在疮上，立即见效。（《医林集要》）。
火眼赤痛：五月取一条老黄瓜，上部开小孔，去掉瓤，填入芒硝至满，悬挂在阴凉处，待硝渗出刮下，留作点眼非常有效。（《寿域神方》）。
汤火烫伤：五月五日，掐取黄瓜放入瓶内密封，挂在屋檐下，收取渗出的水刷涂患处，效果良好。（《医方摘要》）。
叶
【气味】味苦，性平，有小毒。
【主治】小儿闪癖，一岁的患儿用一片叶子，新鲜绞汁服用，能引起呕吐、腹泻则良（陈藏器）。
根
【主治】捣碎外敷治疗狐刺毒肿（苏颂）。
(Sourced from the Song Dynasty *Jiayou Bencao*)
[Names] Cucumber (*Huanggua*).
Chen Cangqi stated: People in the north changed the name to "Cucumber" (*Huanggua*) to avoid the taboo of Shi Le's name, and this usage has persisted to the present day.
Li Shizhen stated: Zhang Qian obtained seeds from the Western Regions during his missions, hence it was originally named "Hu Gua" (Barbarian Melon). According to Du Bao's *Shiyilu*: In the fourth year of the Daye era of the Sui Dynasty, due to a taboo, "Hu Gua" was renamed "Huang Gua". This differs slightly from Chen's account. Currently, folklore mistakenly identifies the "Wang Gua" mentioned in the *Liji Yue Ling* as this vegetable; this is incorrect. Wang Gua refers to *Trichosanthes cucumerina* (Earth Melon), see Herbal Section.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen stated: Hu Gua is grown everywhere. Seeds are sown in the first and second lunar months, and vines sprout in the third month.
The leaves resemble those of winter melon (*Donggua*) and are hairy. Yellow flowers bloom in the fourth and fifth months, bearing fruits with a circumference of two or three inches, some reaching up to one chi in length. They are green, with wart-like protrusions on the skin, turning yellow-red when mature. The seeds are similar to those of vegetable melons. There is a variety planted in the fifth month that bears fruit at frost time; these are white and short, edible both raw and cooked, serving dual purposes as vegetables and pickles, though they are inferior to vegetable melons when pickled with vinegar or sauce.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, cold, slightly toxic.
Meng Xuan stated: It should not be eaten in excess, as it can induce chills and fever, increase susceptibility to malaria, accumulate stasis-heat, trigger zhu qi (pestilential qi), cause deficiency-heat to rise upward leading to shortness of breath, damage yin and blood, induce sores, scabies, and hong jiao xia (foot tinea), resulting in deficiency swelling and various diseases. After recovering from epidemic diseases, it must not be consumed. Children must strictly avoid it, as it causes intestinal lubrication leading to gan chong (childhood malnutrition parasites). Vinegar should not be used excessively.
[Indications] Clears heat and relieves thirst, promotes urination (Ning Yuan).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, six new prescriptions.
Pediatric hot dysentery: Eat ten or more tender cucumbers with honey for good effect. (*Haishang Mingfang*).
Edema with abdominal distension and swollen limbs: Take one cucumber, split it open. Boil half with seeds in vinegar and half in water until soft. Consume all while empty-stomached; urine will flow shortly after. (*Qianjin Suifang*).
Pediatric sweating: Xiang Gua Wan (Melon Pill): Equal parts of Huang Lian (*Coptidis Rhizoma*), Hu Huang Lian (*Scutellariae Barbatae Herba*), Huang Bai (*Phellodendri Cortex*), Chuan Da Huang (*Rhei Radix et Rhizoma*, baked), Bie Jia (*Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum*, vinegar-fried), Chai Hu (*Bupleuri Radix*), Lu Hui (*Aloe*), and Qing Pi (*Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride*) are ground into powder. Take one large, yellow cucumber, cut off the top, fill with medicine, cover, secure with a skewer, and simmer slowly over low heat. Mash together, add flour paste, and form pills the size of mung beans. Take 2-3 pills per dose (5-7 for larger ones, up to 10), taken after meals with fresh water. (Qian Yi *Xiao'er Fang*).
Sore throat and swelling: Remove seeds from one old cucumber, fill with Xiao Shi (Natrii Sulfas), dry in shade, and grind into powder. Blow a small amount into the affected area. (*Yilin Jiyao*).
Swelling from beating injuries: On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, place cucumbers in a porcelain bottle and soak in water. Apply this water to the wound repeatedly for immediate effect. (*Yilin Jiyao*).
Fire-eye redness and pain: In the fifth month, take one old cucumber, make a small hole at the top, remove the pulp, fill with Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas), hang in a cool place. Scrape off the exuded crystals for eye drops; very effective. (*Shouyu Shenfang*).
Scalds and burns: On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, place cucumbers in a bottle, seal tightly, and hang under the eaves. Collect the exuded liquid and brush onto the injury; good effect. (*Yifang Jiangyao*).
Leaves
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, neutral, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Pediatric shan pi (likely referring to abdominal masses or hernias). For one-year-old infants, use one leaf, crush fresh to extract juice, and administer orally; inducing vomiting or diarrhea is considered beneficial (Chen Cangqi).
Roots
[Indications] Crushed and applied externally to treat fox thorn toxic swellings (Su Song).