（《纲目》）
【释名】时珍曰∶元时始自胡地来，气味微似萝卜，故名。
【集解】时珍曰∶胡萝卜今北土、山东多莳之，淮、楚亦有种者。
八月下种，生苗如邪蒿，肥茎有白毛，辛臭如蒿，不可食。冬月掘根，生、熟皆可啖，
兼果、蔬之用。根有黄、赤二种，微带蒿气，长五、六寸，大者盈握，状似鲜掘地黄及羊蹄
根。三、四月茎高二、三尺，开碎白花，攒簇如伞状，似蛇床花。子亦如蛇床子，稍长而有
毛，褐色，又如莳萝子，亦可调和食料。按∶周定王《救荒本草》云∶野胡萝卜苗、叶、花、
实，皆同家胡萝卜，但根细小，味甘，生食、蒸食皆宜。花、子皆大于蛇床。又金幼孜《北
征录》云∶交河北有沙萝卜，根长二尺许，大者径寸，下支生小者如箸。其色黄白，气味辛
而微苦，亦似萝卜气。此皆胡萝卜之类也。
根
【气味】甘、辛，微温，无毒。
【主治】下气补中，利胸膈肠胃，安五脏，令人健食，有益无损（时珍）。
子
【主治】久痢（时珍）。
（音芹。《本经》下品）
【释名】芹菜（《别录》）、水英（《本经》）、楚葵。
弘景曰∶ 字，俗作芹字。论其主治，合在上品，未解何意乃在下品？二月、三月作英
时，可作菹及熟瀹食。故名水英。
时珍曰∶ 当作 从草、 ，谐声也。后省作芹，从斤，亦谐声也。其性冷滑如葵，故
《尔雅》谓之楚葵。《吕氏春秋》∶菜之美者，有云梦之芹。云梦，楚地也。楚有蕲州、蕲县，
俱音淇。罗愿《尔雅翼》云∶地多产芹，故字从芹。蕲亦音芹。徐锴注《说文》蕲字，从草，
声，诸书无 字，惟《说文》别出 字（音银），疑相承误出也。据此，则蕲字亦当从 ，
作字也。
【集解】别录曰∶水 生南海池泽。
恭曰∶水 即芹菜也。有两种∶荻芹白色取根，赤芹取茎、叶。并堪作菹及生菜。
保升曰∶芹生水中，叶似芎 ，其花白色而无实，根亦白色。
诜曰∶水芹生黑滑地，食之不如高田者宜人，置酒酱中香美。高田者名白芹。余田者皆
有虫子在叶间，视之不见，食之令人为患。
弘景曰∶又有渣芹，可为生菜，亦可生啖。
时珍曰∶芹有水芹、旱芹。水芹，生江湖陂泽之涯；旱芹生平地，有赤、白二种。二
月生苗，其叶对节而生，似芎 。其茎有节棱而中空，其气芬芳。五月开细白花，如蛇床花。
楚人采以济饥，其利不小。《诗》云∶ 沸槛泉，言采其芹。杜甫诗云∶饭煮青泥坊底芹。
又云∶香芹碧涧羹。皆美芹之功。而列子言乡豪尝芹，蜇口惨腹，盖未得食芹之法耳。
茎
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
思邈曰∶苦、酸，冷，涩，无毒。
诜曰∶和醋食，损齿。鳖瘕不可食。
李鹏飞曰∶赤芹害人，不可食。
【主治】女子赤沃，止血养精，保血脉，益气，令人肥健嗜食（《本经》）。去伏热，杀
石药毒，捣汁服（孟诜）。饮汁，去小儿暴热，大人酒后热，鼻塞身热，去头中风热，利口
齿，利大小肠（藏器）。
治烦渴，崩中带下，五种黄病（大明）。
【发明】张仲景曰∶春秋二时，龙带精入芹菜中。人误食之为病，面青手青，腹满如妊，
痛不可忍，作蛟龙病。宜服硬饧三、二升，日三度。吐出如蜥蜴便瘥。
时珍曰∶芹菜生水涯。蛟龙虽云变化莫测，其精那得入此？大抵是蜥蜴、虺蛇之类，春
夏之交，遗精于此故尔。且蛇喜嗜芹，尤为可证。别有马芹见后。
【附方】旧一，新二。
小儿吐泻∶芹菜切细，煮汁饮之，不拘多少。（《子母秘录》）。
小便淋痛∶水芹菜白根者，去叶捣汁，井水和服。（《圣惠方》）。
小便出血∶水芹捣汁，日服六、七合。（《圣惠方》）
花
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】脉溢（苏恭）。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】李时珍说：胡萝卜在元代才从胡地传入，气味略微像萝卜，因此得名。
【集解】李时珍说：现在北方土地、山东多地种植它，淮河、楚地也有种植的。八月播种，长出的苗像邪蒿，茎肥壮且有白色绒毛，气味辛辣臭如蒿草，不可食用。冬季挖掘根部，生吃或熟吃都可以，兼具水果和蔬菜的用途。根有黄色和红色两种，略带蒿气，长五、六寸，大的满握，形状像鲜掘的地黄及羊蹄根。三、四月茎高二、三尺，开细碎的白花，聚簇如伞状，像蛇床花。种子也像蛇床子，稍长且有毛，褐色，又像莳萝子，也可以用来调和食料。按：周定王《救荒本草》说：野胡萝卜的苗、叶、花、实，都与家胡萝卜相同，只是根细小，味道甘甜，生吃、蒸吃都适宜。花、子都比蛇床大。又金幼孜《北征录》说：交河北岸有沙萝卜，根长约二尺，大的直径一寸，下部支生出小的如筷子粗细。颜色黄白，气味辛而微苦，也类似萝卜的气味。这些都属于胡萝卜之类。
根
【气味】甘、辛，微温，无毒。
【主治】下气补中，利胸膈肠胃，安五脏，令人健食，有益无损（李时珍）。
（音芹。《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】芹菜（《名医别录》）、水英（《神农本草经》）、楚葵。
陶弘景说：字，俗作芹字。论其主治功效，应当列在上品，不解为何反而在下品？二月、三月长出嫩芽时，可制作腌菜及煮熟食用。所以名叫水英。
李时珍说：应当写作从草、声，谐声字。后简化作芹，从斤，也是谐声字。其性冷滑如葵，所以《尔雅》叫它楚葵。《吕氏春秋》说：菜之美者，有云梦之芹。云梦，是楚地。楚地有蕲州、蕲县，都读作淇音。罗愿《尔雅翼》说：地里多产芹，所以字从芹。蕲也音芹。徐锴注《说文解字》蕲字，从草，声，诸书无此字，只有《说文解字》另出此字（音银），怀疑是相承误出。据此，则蕲字也应当从，写作此字。
【集解】《名医别录》说：水芹生长在南海池泽。
苏恭说：水芹即芹菜也。有两种：荻芹白色取根，赤芹取茎、叶。都可以制作腌菜及生菜。
保升说：芹生长在水中，叶似芎藭，其花白色而无实，根也是白色。
孟诜说：水芹生长在黑滑之地，食用不如高田者宜人，放入酒酱中香美。高田者名叫白芹。其余田地都有虫子在叶间，视之不见，食用会使人受害。
陶弘景说：又有渣芹，可作为生菜，也可生吃。
李时珍说：芹有水芹、旱芹。水芹，生长在江湖陂泽之涯；旱芹生长在平地，有赤、白两种。二月生苗，其叶对节而生，似芎藭。其茎有节棱而中空，其气芬芳。五月开细白花，如蛇床花。楚人采集它以救济饥荒，其利不小。《诗经》说：沸槛泉，言采其芹。杜甫诗说：饭煮青泥坊底芹。又说：香芹碧涧羹。都是赞美芹的功效。而列子说乡豪尝芹，蜇口惨腹，大概是没有得到吃芹的方法罢了。
茎
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
孙思邈说：苦、酸，冷，涩，无毒。
孟诜说：和醋食，损齿。鳖瘕不可食。
李鹏飞说：赤芹害人，不可食。
【主治】女子赤沃，止血养精，保血脉，益气，令人肥健嗜食（《神农本草经》）。去伏热，杀石药毒，捣汁服（孟诜）。饮汁，去小儿暴热，大人酒后热，鼻塞身热，去头中风热，利口齿，利大小肠（藏器）。
治烦渴，崩中带下，五种黄病（大明）。
【发明】张仲景说：春秋二时，龙带精入芹菜中。人误食之为病，面青手青，腹满如妊，痛不可忍，作蛟龙病。宜服硬饧三、二升，日三度。吐出如蜥蜴便瘥。
李时珍说：芹菜生水涯。蛟龙虽云变化莫测，其精那得入此？大抵是蜥蜴、虺蛇之类，春夏之交，遗精于此故尔。且蛇喜嗜芹，尤为可证。别有马芹见后。
【附方】旧一，新二。
小儿吐泻：芹菜切细，煮汁饮之，不拘多少。（《子母秘录》）。
小便淋痛：水芹菜白根者，去叶捣汁，井水和服。（《圣惠方》）。
小便出血：水芹捣汁，日服六、七合。（《圣惠方》）
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Li Shizhen said: Carrots were introduced from Hu lands during the Yuan Dynasty. Their flavor is slightly similar to radishes, hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Currently, they are widely cultivated in northern regions and Shandong, and also grown in the Huai and Chu areas. Seeds are sown in August. The seedlings resemble Artemisia selengensis (Xie Hao), with fleshy stems covered in white hairs. They have a pungent, mugwort-like odor and are inedible. In winter, the roots are dug up; they can be eaten raw or cooked, serving both as fruit and vegetable. There are two varieties of roots: yellow and red, with a slight mugwort aroma. They are five to six cun long, with larger ones filling a hand grasp. Their shape resembles freshly dug Rehmanniae Radix (Dihuang) and Rumex japonicus (Yangti) roots. In March and April, the stems grow two to three chi high, producing clusters of small white flowers resembling an umbel, similar to Cnidii Fructus (Shechuangzi). The seeds are also like Cnidii Fructus, slightly longer and hairy, brownish, resembling Anethi Fructus (Shiluozuo), and can be used to season food. Note: Zhou Dingwang's *Jiu Huang Ben Cao* states that wild carrots' seedlings, leaves, flowers, and fruits are identical to domestic carrots, but the roots are smaller and sweet, suitable for both raw and steamed consumption. The flowers and seeds are larger than those of Cnidii Fructus. Additionally, Jin Youzi's *Be Zheng Lu* mentions "sand radishes" north of the Jiao River, with roots about two chi long and one cun in diameter at the thickest part, with smaller lateral roots like chopsticks. They are yellowish-white, pungent and slightly bitter, resembling radishes. These all belong to the carrot category.
Roots
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, pungent, slightly warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Directs qi downward, tonifies the middle jiao, benefits the chest, diaphragm, stomach, and intestines, calms the five zang organs, promotes healthy appetite, and is beneficial without harm (Li Shizhen).
Seeds
[Indications] Chronic dysentery (Li Shizhen).
(Pronounced Qin. Lower Grade in *Shennong Ben Cao Jing*)
[Names] Celery (*Mingyi Bielu*), Water Ying (*Shennong Ben Cao Jing*), Chu Kui.
Tao Hongjing said: The character is commonly written as Qin. Judging by its therapeutic effects, it should be in the Upper Grade; it is unclear why it is in the Lower Grade. When tender shoots appear in February and March, they can be pickled or boiled and eaten. Hence the name Water Ying.
Li Shizhen said: It should be written with the grass radical and phonetic component, forming a phono-semantic compound. Later abbreviated to Qin, with the axe radical (jin), also a phono-semantic compound. Its nature is cold and slippery like Brassica pekinensis (Kui), so *Erya* calls it Chu Kui. *Lüshi Chunqiu* states: "Among vegetables, the finest are the celery from Yunmeng." Yunmeng is in the Chu region. Chu has Qizhou and Qixian, both pronounced Qi. Luo Yuan's *Erya Yi* says: Since the land produces much celery, the character derives from Qin. Qi is also pronounced Qin. Xu Kai's annotation on *Shuowen Jiezi* for the character Qi indicates it has the grass radical and phonetic component. No other books contain this specific character; only *Shuowen Jiezi* lists it separately (pronounced Yin), suspected to be a transmission error. Based on this, the character Qi should also derive from the same component.
[Collected Explanations] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Water celery grows in ponds and marshes in the South Sea.
Su Gong said: Water celery is celery. There are two types: Di Qin (white root harvested), Chi Qin (stems and leaves harvested). Both can be made into pickles or eaten as raw vegetables.
Bao Sheng said: Celery grows in water, leaves resemble Ligusticum sinense (Xiongqiong), flowers are white and produce no seeds, roots are also white.
Meng Shen said: Water celery grows in dark, slippery soil. It is less suitable for consumption than that from high fields, though it becomes fragrant and delicious when placed in wine or sauce. That from high fields is called Bai Qin. Those from other fields harbor invisible insects in the leaves; consuming them causes harm.
Tao Hongjing said: There is also Zha Qin, which can be eaten as a raw salad or fresh.
Li Shizhen said: There is water celery and dry land celery. Water celery grows near lakes, rivers, and marshes; dry land celery grows in flatlands, with red and white varieties. Seedlings emerge in February, leaves grow opposite each other on nodes, resembling Ligusticum sinense (Xiongqiong). Stems have ridges and are hollow, with a fragrant aroma. Small white flowers bloom in May, resembling Cnidii Fructus. People in Chu harvest it to alleviate famine, providing significant benefit. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "Boiling springs flow, gathering its celery." Du Fu wrote: "Celery cooked at the bottom of Qingni Fang." And again: "Celery soup from green streams." All praise the merits of celery. Liezi mentions a country gentleman who tasted celery and suffered mouth irritation and abdominal pain, likely due to improper preparation methods.
Stems
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Sun Simiao said: Bitter, sour, cold, astringent, non-toxic.
Meng Shen said: Consumed with vinegar, it damages teeth. Contraindicated for patients with Abdominal Masses (Bie Jia).
Li Pengfei said: Red celery is harmful and should not be eaten.
[Indications] Treats leukorrhea in women, stops bleeding, nourishes essence, preserves blood vessels, tonifies qi, promotes robustness and appetite (*Shennong Ben Cao Jing*). Clears latent heat, detoxifies mineral medicines, taken as juice (Meng Shen). Drinking the juice treats sudden fever in children, post-alcohol fever in adults, nasal congestion with body heat, wind-heat in the head, benefits teeth and gums, and unites the large and small intestines (Zangqi).
Treats irritability and thirst, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, and five types of jaundice (Da Ming).
[Elucidation] Zhang Zhongjing said: In spring and autumn, dragons deposit essence into celery. If people accidentally eat it, they develop symptoms: blue face and hands, abdominal distension resembling pregnancy, unbearable pain, termed Dragon-Jiao disease. One should consume hard malt sugar, two to three sheng, three times daily. Vomiting something resembling a lizard leads to recovery.
Li Shizhen said: Celery grows near water. Although dragons are said to change unpredictably, how could their essence enter here? It is mostly lizards or venomous snakes that deposit essence here during the transition between spring and summer. Moreover, snakes are fond of celery, which further proves this. See Ma Qin mentioned later.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old, two new.
Infant vomiting and diarrhea: Cut celery finely, boil to make juice, drink as needed (*Zimu Milu*).
Dysuria with pain: Use white roots of water celery, remove leaves, crush to extract juice, mix with well water and take (*Shenghui Fang*).
Hematuria: Crush water celery to extract juice, take six to seven he per day (*Shenghui Fang*).
Flowers
[Flavor and Toxicity] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Vascular hemorrhage (Su Gong).