（《别录》下品）
【释名】青娘子。
时珍曰∶居芫花上而色青，故名芫青。世俗讳之，呼为青娘子，以配红娘子也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶三月取，曝干。
弘景曰∶二月、三月在芫花上，花时取之，青黑色。
恭曰∶出宁州。
颂曰∶处处有之。形似斑蝥，但色纯青绿，背上一道黄纹，尖喙。三、四月芫花发时乃
生，多就芫花上采之，曝干。
时珍曰∶但连芫花茎叶采置地上，一夕尽自出也。余见斑蝥。
【修治】见斑蝥。
【气味】辛，微温，有毒。
时珍曰∶芫青之功同斑蝥，而毒尤猛，盖芫花有毒故也。畏、恶同斑蝥。
【主治】蛊毒、风疰、鬼疰，堕胎（《别录》）。治鼠
，下痰结，治耳聋目翳，
【附方】新三。
偏坠疼痛∶青娘子、红娘子各十枚，白面拌炒黄色，去前二物，熟汤调服，立效也。（《谈
野翁方》）
目中顽翳∶发背膏∶用青娘子、红娘子、斑蝥各二个（去头、足，面炒黄色），硼砂一
钱，蕤
济方》）
塞耳治聋∶芫青、巴豆仁、蓖麻仁各一枚研，丸枣核大。绵包塞之。（《圣惠方
（《别录》下品）
【释名】弘景曰∶此虫黑身赤头，如亭长之着玄衣赤帻，故名也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶七月取，曝干。
弘景曰∶葛花开时取之。身黑头赤，腹中有卵，白如米粒。
恭曰∶出雍州。
保升曰∶处处有之。五、六月葛叶上采之。形似芫青而苍黑色。
曰∶亭长形黑黄，在葛上食蔓胶汁。又有赤头，身黑色，额上有大红一点，各有用处
时珍曰∶陶言黑身赤头，故名亭长。而雷氏别出赤头，不言出处，似谬。
【修治】同斑蝥。
【气味】辛，微温，有毒。恶、畏同斑蝥。
【主治】蛊毒鬼疰，破淋结积聚，堕胎（《别录》）。
通血闭症块鬼胎。余功同斑蝥（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶《深师》疗淋用亭长，说之最详。云∶取葛上亭长折断腹，腹中有白子，
如小米，三二分。安白板上，阴干燥，二、三日收之。若有人患十年淋，
以还，服二枚。服时以水如枣许着小杯中，爪甲研之，当扁扁见于水中。仰面吞之，勿令近
牙齿间。药虽微小，下喉自觉，当至下焦淋所。有顷，药大作。烦急不可堪者
则药势止也。若无干麦饭，但水亦可耳。老、小服三分之一，当下淋疾如脓血连连尔。石去
者，或如指头，或青或黄，不拘男女皆愈。若药不快，淋不下，以意节度，更增服之。此虫
四月、五月、六月为亭长（头赤身黑），七月为斑蝥，九月、十月为地胆，随时变耳。
【附方】新二。
经脉不通∶妇人经脉不通，症块胀满，腹有鬼胎。用葛上亭长五枚，以糙米和炒，去翅、
足，研末。分三服
肺风白癞∶葛上亭长四七枚（去翅、足，与糯米同炒，米熟为度，不用米），干蝮蛇一枚
（头尾全者，炙黄，去鳞及腹中物），共捣罗，生绢袋贮。以酒五升，瓷瓶中慢火 煮。酒
及一升以下，将绵囊蘸药汁，摩涂癞上，日二夜一。如不急痛，日夜可五七次涂之。（《圣济
总录》）
【《名医别录》列为下品】
【释名】青娘子。
李时珍说：这种虫栖息在芫花上且颜色为青色，所以名叫芫青。世俗之人忌讳叫它，称其为青娘子，以此与红娘子相配。
【集解】《名医别录》说：三月采集，晒干。
陶弘景说：二月、三月时它在芫花上，开花时采集，颜色青黑。
苏恭说：出产于宁州。
苏颂说：各地都有。形状像斑蝥，只是颜色纯青绿，背部有一道黄纹，嘴尖。三、四月芫花开花时才出现，多在芫花上采集，晒干。
李时珍说：只要连着芫花的茎叶采集放在地上，一夜之间它们就会自己出来。其余内容参见斑蝥条。
【修治】参见斑蝥条。
【气味】辛味，微温，有毒。
李时珍说：芫青的功效与斑蝥相同，但毒性更猛烈，大概是因为芫花有毒的缘故。其畏恶关系（药物配伍禁忌）与斑蝥相同。
【主治】蛊毒、风疰、鬼疰，堕胎（出自《名医别录》）。治疗鼠瘘，消除痰结，治疗耳聋、目翳。
【附方】新收三则。
偏坠疼痛：取青娘子、红娘子各十枚，用白面拌炒至黄色，去掉前两种药，用熟汤调服，立即见效。（出自《谈野翁方》）
目中顽翳：[原文此处似有缺漏或排版错误，结合后文及常见方义推测可能涉及发背膏等，但依原文忠实翻译] 发背膏：用青娘子、红娘子、斑蝥各二个（去掉头、足，用面粉炒至黄色），硼砂一钱，蕤仁[原文缺字，据方义补]……（出自《济生方》或类似古籍，原文截断）
塞耳治聋：芫青、巴豆仁、蓖麻仁各一枚研碎，制成如枣核大小的丸剂。用棉包裹塞入耳中。（出自《圣惠方》）
【《名医别录》下品】
【释名】陶弘景说：这种虫子身体黑色头部红色，像亭长穿着黑衣戴着红帽，所以得名。
【集解】《名医别录》说：七月采集，晒干。
陶弘景说：葛花开花时采集。身体黑头部红，腹中有卵，白色如米粒。
苏恭说：出产于雍州。
雷保升说：各地都有。五、六月时在葛叶上采集。形状像芫青但呈苍黑色。
[某医家，原文缺名]说：亭长形体黑黄，在葛藤上吃藤蔓的汁液。又有头部红色的，身体黑色，额头上有一个大红点，各有用途。
李时珍说：陶弘景说黑身赤头，所以名叫亭长。而雷氏另外列出赤头，没有说明出处，似乎有误。
【修治】同斑蝥。
【气味】辛味，微温，有毒。畏恶关系同斑蝥。
【主治】蛊毒鬼疰，破除淋证结块积聚，堕胎（出自《名医别录》）。
通血闭，消症块，除鬼胎。其他功效同斑蝥（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：《深师方》治疗淋证使用亭长，说得最详细。说：取葛上亭长折断腹部，腹中有白色的子，如小米大小，二三分。放在白板上，阴干，二、三天后收藏。如果有人患十年淋病，[原文缺漏，推测为服用方法]，回去后，服用两枚。服药时用如枣许大的水倒入小杯中，用指甲研磨药丸，应当扁平地浮现在水中。仰面吞服，不要让药碰到牙齿间。药虽然微小，咽下时能感觉到，应当到达下焦淋证所在之处。过了一会儿，药效大发。如果烦躁急切难以忍受，那么药势就停止了。如果没有干麦饭，仅用水也可以。老人、小孩服用三分之一，应当排出淋疾如脓血连连。如果有结石，或者如指头大，或者青色或者黄色，不论男女都能治愈。如果药力不快，淋不下，凭心意调节剂量，增加服用。这种虫在四月、五月、六月是亭长（头赤身黑），七月变成斑蝥，九月、十月变成地胆，随时间变化而已。
【附方】新收二则。
经脉不通：妇人经脉不通，症块胀满，腹中有鬼胎。用葛上亭长五枚，用糙米一起炒，去掉翅、足，研成末。分三次服用。
肺风白癞：葛上亭长四七枚（去掉翅、足，与糯米同炒，米熟为度，不用米），干蝮蛇一枚（头尾完整的，炙黄，去掉鳞及腹中物），共同捣碎过筛，装入生绢袋中。用酒五升，在瓷瓶中慢火煮。酒剩下一升以下时，将绵囊蘸药汁，摩擦涂抹在癞处，每天两次，夜间一次。如果不急痛，日夜可涂五七次。（出自《圣济总录》）
(Recorded as Lower Grade in *Bie Lu*)
【Names】Qingniangzi (Green Lady).
Li Shizhen stated: It dwells on the flowers of *Daphne genkwa* and is green in color, hence named Yuanqing. People avoid using this name out of taboo, calling it Qingniangzi to pair with Hongniangzi (Red Lady).
【Collection and Explanation】*Bie Lu* states: Collect in March, dry in the sun.
Tao Hongjing stated: In February and March, it is found on *Daphne genkwa*; collect during flowering time; it is dark green-black.
Su Gong stated: Produced in Ningzhou.
Su Song stated: Found everywhere. Its shape resembles *Mylabris* (Banmao), but its color is purely green, with a yellow stripe on its back and a pointed beak. It appears when *Daphne genkwa* blooms in March and April; collect from the flowers and dry in the sun.
Li Shizhen stated: If collected together with the stems and leaves of *Daphne genkwa* and placed on the ground, they will emerge by themselves overnight. For other details, see the entry for Banmao (*Mylabris*).
【Processing】See the entry for Banmao (*Mylabris*).
【Flavor and Properties】Acrid, slightly warm, toxic.
Li Shizhen stated: The efficacy of Yuanqing is the same as that of Banmao (*Mylabris*), but its toxicity is more potent, likely due to the toxicity of *Daphne genkwa*. Its incompatibilities and aversions are the same as those of Banmao (*Mylabris*).
【Indications】Gu poison (parasitic disease), Fengzhu (wind-type infectious disease), Guizhu (ghost-type infectious disease), inducing abortion (*Bie Lu*). Treats shulou (scrofula/tuberculous lymphadenitis), resolves phlegm nodules, treats deafness and corneal opacity.
【Prescriptions】Three new prescriptions.
For pain from inguinal hernia (unilateral testicular swelling): Take ten Qingniangzi (Green Lady) and ten Hongniangzi (Red Lady), stir-fry with white flour until yellow, remove the insects, and take the powder mixed with cooked water. Effect is immediate. (*Tan Yeweng Fang*)
For stubborn corneal opacity: [Text fragmentary] Fabai Gao (Abscess Paste): Use two Qingniangzi (Green Lady), two Hongniangzi (Red Lady), and two Banmao (*Mylabris*) (remove heads and feet, stir-fry with flour until yellow), one qian of Borax, and [missing text]... (*Jisheng Fang* or similar)
To treat deafness by ear insertion: Grind one Yuanqing, one Baidu Ren (Castor Seed), and one Bimaren (Ricinus Seed) into a paste, form into pills the size of a jujube pit. Wrap in cotton and insert into the ear. (*Shenghui Fang*)
(Lower Grade in *Bie Lu*)
【Names】Tao Hongjing stated: This insect has a black body and red head, resembling a Tingchang (local official) wearing black robes and a red cap, hence the name.
【Collection and Explanation】*Bie Lu* states: Collect in July, dry in the sun.
Tao Hongjing stated: Collect when kudzu flowers bloom. The body is black, the head is red, and there are eggs in the abdomen, white like rice grains.
Su Gong stated: Produced in Yongzhou.
Lei Baosheng stated: Found everywhere. Collect from kudzu leaves in May and June. Its shape resembles Yuanqing but is dark grey-black.
[Name missing] stated: Tingchang is black and yellow, feeding on vine sap on kudzu. There is also a variety with a red head, black body, and a large red spot on the forehead, each having different uses.
Li Shizhen stated: Tao described it as having a black body and red head, thus named Tingchang. However, Lei listed the red-headed variety separately without stating its origin, which seems erroneous.
【Processing】Same as Banmao (*Mylabris*).
【Flavor and Properties】Acrid, slightly warm, toxic. Aversions and incompatibilities are the same as those of Banmao (*Mylabris*).
【Indications】Gu poison and Guizhu (ghost-type infectious disease), breaks up lin syndrome nodules and accumulations, induces abortion (*Bie Lu*).
Unblocks blood stasis, dissipates mass formations, removes ghost fetus. Other efficacies are the same as Banmao (*Mylabris*) (Li Shizhen).
【Elucidation】Su Song stated: *Shen Shi Fang* uses Tingchang to treat lin syndrome, describing it in detail. It says: Break open the abdomen of Ge Shang Tingchang (Kudzu-dwelling Tingchang); the abdomen contains white seeds, about the size of millet grains, taking two or three fen. Place them on a white board to dry in the shade; store after two or three days. If someone suffers from chronic lin syndrome for ten years, [text missing], return home and take two pills. When taking, place a amount of water the size of a jujube in a small cup, grind the pill with fingernails until it flattens and becomes visible in the water. Swallow while looking up, avoiding contact with teeth. Although the medicine is tiny, you can feel it going down; it should reach the lower jiao where the lin syndrome resides. After a while, the drug action becomes strong. If the patient feels unbearable restlessness and urgency, the drug power subsides. If dried wheat meal is unavailable, water alone suffices. Elderly and children take one-third dose. It should expel the lin disease like pus and blood continuously. If there are stones, either finger-sized or green/yellow, both men and women will be cured. If the drug action is slow and lin does not pass, adjust the dosage according to judgment and increase the intake. This insect is Tingchang (red head, black body) in April, May, and June; becomes Banmao (*Mylabris*) in July; and becomes Didan in September and October, changing with the seasons.
【Prescriptions】Two new prescriptions.
For amenorrhea (blocked menstrual flow): For women with blocked menstrual flow, abdominal distension from masses, and ghost fetus in the abdomen. Use five Ge Shang Tingchang (Kudzu-dwelling Tingchang), stir-fry with coarse rice, remove wings and feet, and grind into powder. Divide into three doses.
For pulmonary wind and white vitiligo (leprosy-like skin lesions): Use four to seven Ge Shang Tingchang (remove wings and feet, stir-fry with glutinous rice until rice is cooked, discard rice), one dried Fushé (Viper) (complete head and tail, roasted until yellow, remove scales and internal organs). Pound together, sift, and store in a raw silk bag. Boil in five sheng of wine in a porcelain jar over low heat. When the wine reduces to less than one sheng, dip a cotton bag into the medicinal juice and rub it onto the lesions twice daily and once at night. If not painful, apply five to seven times day and night. (*Shengji Zonglu*)