（《本经》上品）
【校正】并入有名未用《别录》苗根。
【释名】 （音茜）、茅 （音搜）、茹 （音如闾）、地血（《别录》）、染绯草（《蜀本》）、
血见愁（《土宿》）、风车草（《土宿》）、过山龙（《补遗》）、牛蔓。
《本草》言东方有而少，不如西方多，则西草为茜，又以此也。陆玑云∶齐人谓之茜，徐人
谓之牛蔓。又草之盛者为 ，牵引为茹，连覆为 ，则
所化之说，恐亦俗传耳。《土宿真君本草》云∶四补草，其根茜草也。一名西天王草，一名
四
藏器曰∶有名未用，苗根，即茜根也。茜、苗二字相似，传写之误尔。宜并之。
【集解】《别录》曰∶茜根生乔山川谷。二月、三月采根曝干。
又曰∶苗根生山阴谷中。蔓草木上。茎有刺，实如椒。
弘景曰∶此即今染绛茜草也。东间诸处乃有而少，不如西多。《诗》云茹 在阪者是也。
保升曰∶染绯草，叶似枣叶，头尖下阔，茎叶俱涩，四、五叶对生节间，蔓延草木上。
根紫赤色，所在皆有，八月采。
颂曰∶今圃人亦作畦种莳。故《史记》云∶千亩栀、茜，其人与千户侯等，言其利浓也。
时珍曰∶茜草，十二月生苗，蔓延数尺。方茎中空有筋，外有细刺，数寸一节。每节五
叶，叶如乌药叶而糙涩，面青背绿。七、八月开花，结实如小椒大，中有细子。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡使，用铜刀于槐砧上锉，日干，勿犯铅铁器。勿用赤柳草根，真相似，
只是味酸涩。误服令人患内障眼，速服甘草水解之，即毒瓦斯散。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。权曰∶甘。大明曰∶酸。入药炒用。震亨曰∶热。
元素曰∶微酸、咸，温。阴中之阴。
《别录》曰∶苗根∶咸，平，无毒。
之才曰∶畏鼠姑。汁，制雄黄。
【主治】寒湿风痹，黄胆，补中（《本经》）。止血，内崩下血，膀胱不足， 跌蛊毒。
久服益精气，轻身。可
血泻血（甄权）。
脓。
酒煎服（大明）。通经脉，治骨节风痛，活血行血（时珍）。
【发明】藏器曰∶茜草主蛊毒，煮汁服。《周礼》∶庶氏掌除蛊毒，以嘉草攻之。嘉草者，
荷与茜也，主蛊为最。
震亨曰∶俗人治痛风，用草药取速效。如石丝为君，过山龙等佐之。皆性热而燥，不能
养阴，却能燥湿病之浅者。湿痰得燥而开，瘀血得热而行，故亦暂效。若病深而血少者，则
愈劫愈虚而病愈深矣。
时珍曰∶茜根赤色而气温，味微酸而带咸。色赤入营，气温行滞，味酸入肝而咸走血，
手足厥阴血分之药也，专于行血活血。俗方用治女子经水不通，以一两煎酒服之，一日即通，
甚效。《名医别录》言其久服益精气轻身，《日华子》言其泄精，殊不相合，恐未可凭。
【附方】旧三，新八。
吐血不定∶茜根一两，捣末。每服二钱，水煎冷服。亦可水和二钱服。（周应《简要济
众方》）
吐血燥渴及解毒∶用茜根、雄黑豆（去皮）、甘草（炙）等分。为末，井水丸弹子大。
每温水化
鼻血不止∶茜根、艾叶各一两，乌梅肉二钱半。为末，炼蜜丸梧子大。每乌梅汤下五十
丸。
（《本事方》）
阿胶、侧柏叶（炙）、黄芩各五钱，生地黄一两，小
一
盏半，煎七分，入发灰服之。（唐瑶《经
女子经闭∶方见前发明。
心瘅心烦内热∶茜根，煮汁服。（《伤
解中蛊毒，吐、下血如烂肝∶茜草根、 荷叶各三两。水四升，煮二升，服即愈。自当
呼蛊主姓名也。（陈延之《短剧方》）
黑髭乌发∶茜草一斤，生地黄三斤（取汁）。以水五大碗，煎茜绞汁，将滓再煎三度。
以汁同地黄汁，微火煎如膏，以瓶盛之。每日空心温酒服半匙，一月髭发如漆也。忌萝卜、
五辛。（《圣济录》）
方）
预解疮疹，时行疮疹正发，服此则可无患∶茜根煎汁，入少酒饮之。（《奇效良方》）
【附录】血藤（宋《图经》）
颂曰∶生信州。叶如 叶，根如大拇指，其色黄。彼人五月采用，攻血治气块。
时珍曰∶按∶虞抟云∶血藤，即过山龙，理亦相近，未知的否？姑附之。
（《神农本草经》列为上品）
【校正】将原《名医别录》中“有名未用”类别下的苗根并入本品。
【释名】茜草（音qiàn）、茅蒐（音sōu）、茹藘（音rú lǘ）、地血（出自《名医别录》）、染绯草（出自《蜀本本草》）、血见愁（出自《土宿真君本草》）、风车草（出自《土宿真君本草》）、过山龙（出自《本草拾遗》）、牛蔓。
《本草》记载东方地区出产较少，不如西方多，所以西方的称为茜草，也是因此得名。陆玑说：齐地人叫它茜草，徐地人叫它牛蔓。又说草长得茂盛时称为蒐，牵引蔓延时称为茹，连片覆盖时称为藘，这种说法恐怕也是民间流传的说法罢了。《土宿真君本草》说：四补草，其根就是茜草。又名西天王草，又名四藏器说：原名“有名未用”的苗根，就是茜草根。因为“茜”和“苗”字形相似，是传抄时的错误。应当合并在一起。
【集解】《名医别录》说：茜草根生长在乔山川谷中。二月、三月采集根部，晒干。
又说：苗根生长在山阴的谷中。攀援在草木之上。茎上有刺，果实像花椒一样。
陶弘景说：这就是现在用来染绛红色的茜草。东部各地虽有但很少，不如西部多。《诗经》中说“茹藘在阪上”指的就是它。
苏颂说：染绯草，叶子像枣叶，头尖底宽，茎和叶都涩，四到五片叶子对生在节间，蔓延在草木之上。
根呈紫红色，各地都有，八月采集。
苏颂还说：现在花圃中也开辟畦田种植。所以《史记》说：“千亩栀子、茜草，其收益相当于千户侯”，说的是它的利润丰厚。
李时珍说：茜草十二月生苗，蔓延数尺。茎方形中空有筋，外面有细刺，几寸一节。每节五片叶子，叶子像乌药的叶子但粗糙涩手，正面青色背面绿色。七月、八月开花，结成果实像小花椒大小，里面有细小的种子。
【修治】雷敩说：凡是使用，要用铜刀在槐木砧板上锉碎，日晒干燥，不要接触铅铁器具。不要用赤柳草根，真假很像，只是味道酸涩。误服会导致患内障眼病，立即服用甘草水解毒，毒气就会消散。
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。甄权说：甘。马志说：酸。入药需炒制后使用。朱震亨说：热。
王好古说：微酸、咸，温。属于阴中之阴。
《名医别录》说：苗根：咸，平，无毒。
孟诜说：畏鼠姑（芍药）。汁液可制约雄黄。
【主治】寒湿引起的风痹，黄疸，补益中气（出自《神农本草经》）。止血，治疗内脏崩漏下血，膀胱功能不足，以及跌打损伤和蛊毒。长期服用能增进精气，使身体轻便。可治疗血淋、血泄（出自甄权）。
脓疮。（出自马志）用酒煎服（出自马志）。通经脉，治疗骨节风痛，活血行血（出自李时珍）。
【发明】陈藏器说：茜草主治蛊毒，煮汁服用。《周礼》记载：庶氏掌管清除蛊毒，用嘉草来攻治它。嘉草，就是荷与茜草，主治蛊毒效果最好。
朱震亨说：俗人治疗痛风，用草药追求速效。如以石丝为君药，过山龙等作为佐药。这些药性都热而燥，不能滋养阴液，却能燥湿治疗浅层的湿病。湿痰遇燥而开散，瘀血遇热而运行，所以也能暂时见效。如果病情深重且阴血亏虚的人，则会越劫夺越虚弱，病情越深重。
李时珍说：茜草根色赤而气温，味微酸而带咸。色赤入营分，气温能行滞，味酸入肝而咸走血，是手足厥阴经血分的药物，专门用于行血活血。世俗方剂用它治疗女子月经不通，用一两煎酒后服用，一天即可通畅，非常有效。《名医别录》说它久服益精气轻身，《日华子本草》说它泄精，两者观点大相径庭，恐怕不可轻信。
【附方】旧方三首，新方八首。
吐血不止不定：茜草一两，捣成粉末。每次服用二钱，水煎冷服。也可以用水调服二钱。（出自周应《简要济众方》）
吐血伴燥渴及解毒：用茜根、雄黑豆（去皮）、甘草（炙）各等分。研为末，井水泛丸如弹子大。每次温水化开一丸服用。
鼻血不止：茜根、艾叶各一两，乌梅肉二钱半。研为末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸药。每次用乌梅汤送服五十丸。（出自《本事方》）
阿胶、侧柏叶（炙）、黄芩各五钱，生地黄一两，头发灰一盏半，水煎至七分，加入发灰服用。（出自唐瑶《经验方》）
女子经闭：方法见前文“发明”部分。
心火亢盛心烦内热：茜根，煮汁服用。（出自《伤寒论》相关方义，此处原文似有缺漏或简略，依原文直译）
解除中蛊毒，呕吐、排泄血液如烂肝状：茜草根、荷叶各三两。水四升，煮取二升，服用即愈。应当呼唤蛊主的姓名。（出自陈延之《短剧方》）
黑髭乌发：茜草一斤，生地黄三斤（取汁）。用五大碗水，煎茜草绞取汁液，将药渣再次煎煮三次。将汁液与地黄汁混合，用微火煎成膏状，用瓶子盛装。每天空腹温酒服半匙，一个月胡须头发就会变得漆黑光亮。忌食萝卜、五辛。（出自《圣济录》）
预防解疮疹，当时行疮疹正在发作，服用此方可无患：茜根煎汁，加入少量酒饮用。（出自《奇效良方》）
【附录】血藤（宋代《图经本草》）
苏颂说：生长在信州。叶子像什么叶子（原文缺字，推测为某植物叶），根像大拇指粗，颜色黄。当地人五月采用，攻逐瘀血治疗气块。
李时珍说：按：虞抟说：血藤，就是过山龙，道理也相近，不知道是否确切？暂且附录于此。
(Shennong Bencao Jing, Upper Grade)
[Correction] The "named but unused" Migen (Rhizome and Root of Rubia cordifolia) from the Mingyi Bielu is merged into this entry.
[Names] Qian (pronounced qiàn), Maosou (pronounced sōu), Rulu (pronounced rú lǘ), Dixue (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Ranfeicao (from *Shuben Bencao*), Xuejianchou (from *Tusux Zhenjun Bencao*), Fengchezao (from *Tusux Zhenjun Bencao*), Guoshanlong (from *Bencao Shiyi), Niuman.
The *Bencao* states that it grows in the east but is scarce, unlike in the west where it is abundant; thus, the western variety is called Qian, which is also the origin of this name. Lu Ji said: People in Qi call it Qian, while people in Xu call it Niuman. Furthermore, when the grass is lush, it is called Sou; when it trails, it is called Ru; when it covers continuously, it is called Lu. This theory of transformation is likely a folk legend. The *Tusux Zhenjun Bencao* states: Sibicao (Four-Supplement Grass), its root is Qiancao. It is also known as Xitianwangcao. Canger stated: The previously "named but unused" Migen is actually the root of Qiancao. The characters for Qian and Miao are similar, resulting from copying errors. They should be merged.
[Collection] The *Mingyi Bielu* states: Qian root grows in the valleys of Qiaoshan. Harvest the roots in February and March, and dry them in the sun.
It further states: Migen grows in the shady valleys of mountains. It climbs over trees and shrubs. The stems have thorns, and the fruits resemble peppercorns.
Tao Hongjing said: This is the Qiancao used today to dye crimson red. Although present in eastern regions, it is scarce compared to the west. The *Book of Songs* mentions "Rulu on the slope," referring to this plant.
Su Song said: Ranfeicao has leaves resembling jujube leaves, pointed at the tip and broad at the base. Both stems and leaves are astringent. Four to five leaves grow oppositely at the nodes, spreading over vegetation.
The roots are purple-red and are found everywhere; harvest in August.
Su Song also noted: Gardeners now cultivate it in raised beds. Thus, the *Records of the Grand Historian* states: "A thousand mu of gardenia and Qiancao yield profits equivalent to those of a marquis with a thousand households," indicating its high economic value.
Li Shizhen said: Qiancao sprouts in December, spreading several feet. The stem is square, hollow with internal fibers, and covered with fine thorns, segmented every few inches. Each node bears five leaves, resembling Wu Yao (Lindera aggregata) leaves but rough and astringent, green on the upper surface and lighter green underneath. Flowers appear in July and August, bearing fruits the size of small peppercorns containing fine seeds.
[Preparation] Lei Xiao said: When preparing, use a copper knife on a locust wood anvil to slice it, then dry in the sun. Do not contact lead or iron vessels. Do not use Cheliugencao (Root of *Salix rubella*), which resembles it closely but tastes sour and astringent. Accidental ingestion causes internal cataracts; immediately administer Gancao (Licorice) decoction to detoxify, and the toxic fumes will dissipate.
[Properties and Flavor] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Zhen Quan said: Sweet. Ma Zhi said: Sour. For medicinal use, stir-fry before use. Zhu Zhenheng said: Hot. Wang Haogu said: Slightly sour and salty, warm. Belongs to Yin within Yin.
The *Mingyi Bielu* states: Migen: Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
Meng Shen said: Incompatible with Shugu (Paeonia lactiflora). Its juice can moderate Xionghuang (Realgar).
[Indications] Wind-bi caused by cold-dampness, jaundice, tonifying the Middle Jiao (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Stops bleeding, treats internal collapse and lower bleeding, insufficiency of the Bladder, and injuries from falls and Gu poison. Long-term consumption benefits essence and Qi, lightening the body. Can treat Xuelin (blood strangury) and Xiexue (bleeding diarrhea) (Zhen Quan).
Suppurative sores. (Ma Zhi) Decoct in wine for administration (Ma Zhi). Unblocks meridians, treats wind-pain in bone joints, invigorates blood and promotes blood circulation (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Chen Cangqi said: Qiancao treats Gu poison; decoct and drink the juice. The *Rites of Zhou* records: The Shushi official is in charge of removing Gu poison by attacking it with Jiacao (Excellent Grass). Jiacao refers to He (Lotus/Nelumbo) and Qiancao, which are most effective against Gu.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Laypeople treating gouty arthritis often use herbal remedies for rapid effects. For example, using Shisi as the sovereign herb, assisted by Guoshanlong, etc. These herbs are hot and drying; they cannot nourish Yin but can dry dampness in superficial conditions. Damp-phlegm opens upon drying, and stasis moves upon heat, hence temporary efficacy. However, in deep-seated diseases with blood deficiency, this approach depletes vitality further, worsening the condition.
Li Shizhen said: Qian root is red in color and warm in nature, with a slightly sour and salty taste. Red enters the Ying (Nutrient) level; warmth promotes stagnation resolution; sour enters the Liver, and salty travels to the Blood. It is a drug for the Blood aspect of the Foot-Shaoyin and Hand-Jueyin meridians, specifically for moving and invigorating blood. Secular formulas use it to treat amenorrhea in women; decoct one liang in wine and take it, resulting in flow within one day, which is highly effective. The *Mingyi Bielu* claims long-term use benefits essence and Qi and lightens the body, while the *Rihua Zi Bencao* claims it causes seminal emission. These views contradict each other and should not be relied upon blindly.
[Attached Formulas] Three old formulas, eight new formulas.
Unstable hematemesis: Qian root one liang, pounded into powder. Take two qian per dose, decoct in water and take cold. Alternatively, mix two qian with water and take. (Zhou Ying, *Jianyao Jizhong Fang*)
Hematemesis with dry thirst and detoxification: Use equal parts of Qian root, Xiongheidou (Black soybean, peeled), and Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice). Pound into powder, make pills the size of bullet seeds using well water. Dissolve one pill in warm water per dose.
Incessant epistaxis: Qian root and Aiye (Mugwort leaf) one liang each, Wumei meat (Meat of Chinese plum) two qian half. Pound into powder, make pills the size of wutong seeds using refined honey. Take fifty pills per dose with Wumei soup. (*Benshi Fang*)
Ejiao (Donkey-hide gelatin), Cebeiye (Honeysuckle leaf? Note: Text says Cebeiye, usually Platycladus orientalis leaf), Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis) five qian each, Shengdihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa root) one liang, Fahuizhi (Ash of human hair) one and a half zhan. Decoct in water until reduced to seventy percent, add ash and take. (Tang Yao, *Jingyan Fang*)
Female amenorrhea: See method in the "Elucidation" section above.
Heart fire hyperactivity, irritability, and internal heat: Qian root, decoct in water and drink. (*Shanghan Lun* related context, text abbreviated)
Relieving Gu poisoning, vomiting and defecating blood resembling rotten liver: Qian caogen (Qian root) and Heye (Lotus leaf) three liang each. Add four sheng of water, boil down to two sheng, take and recover. One must call out the name of the Gu master. (Chen Yanzhi, *Duanju Fang*)
Black whiskers and dark hair: Qiancao one jin, Shengdihuang three jin (extract juice). Add five large bowls of water, decoct Qiancao and squeeze out juice. Re-decoct the dregs three times. Mix the juices with Rehmannia juice, simmer over low heat until paste-like, store in a bottle. Take half a spoonful with warm wine on an empty stomach daily. Whiskers and hair will become black as lacquer in one month. Avoid radish and Five Spices. (*Shengji Lu*)
Preventing and resolving carbuncles and rashes: If epidemic rashes are erupting, taking this prevents complications: Decoct Qian root in water, add a little wine, and drink. (*Qixiao Liangfang*)
[Appendix] Xuéténg (Song Dynasty *Tujing Bencao*)
Su Song said: Grows in Xinzhou. Leaves resemble [missing character] leaves, roots like a thumb, yellow in color. Locals harvest in May to move blood and treat Qi masses.
Li Shizhen said: According to Yu Bo: Xuéténg is the same as Guoshanlong; the rationale is similar, though uncertainty remains. Attached here provisionally.