曰血余。以茯苓、胡黄连煎汤，饮之愈。（夏子益《奇疾方》）。
水肿尿涩∶茯苓皮、椒目等分，煎汤，日饮取效。（《普济方》）
（《别录》上品）
【释名】江珠。
时珍曰∶虎死则精魄入地化为石，此物状似之，故谓之虎魄。俗文从玉，以其类玉也。
梵书谓之阿湿摩揭婆。
【集解】《别录》曰∶琥珀生永昌。
弘景曰∶旧说松脂沦入地千年所化。今烧之亦作松气。亦有中有一蜂，形色如生者。《
博物志》乃云“烧蜂巢所作”，恐非实也。此或蜂为松脂所沾，因坠地沦没尔。亦有煮 鸡
子及青鱼枕作者，并非真。惟以手心摩热拾芥为真。今并从外国来，而出茯苓处并无，不知
出琥珀处复有茯苓否也？
曰∶琥珀是海松木中津液，初若桃胶，后乃凝结。复有南珀，不及
保升曰∶枫脂入地千年变为琥柏，不独松脂变也。大抵木脂入地千年皆化，但不及枫、
松有脂而多经年岁尔。蜂巢既烧，安有蜂形尚在其间？
宗 曰∶今西戎亦有，其色差淡而明澈。南方者色深而重浊，彼土人多碾为物形。若谓
千年茯苓所化，则其沾着蜂、蚁宛然具在，极不然也。《地理志》云∶海南林邑多出琥珀，
松脂沦入地所化。有琥珀则旁无草木。入土浅者五尺，深者八、九尺。大者如斛，削去皮乃
成。此说为胜。但土地有所宜、不宜，故有能化、不化。烧蜂之说，不知何据？承曰∶诸家
所说茯苓、琥珀，虽有小异同，皆云松脂所化。但茯苓、茯神，乃大松摧折或斫伐，而根瘢
不朽，津液下流而结成，故治心肾，通津液也。若琥珀乃是松树枝节荣盛时，为炎日所灼，
流脂出树身外，日渐浓大，因堕土中，津润岁久，为土所渗泄，而光莹之体独存。今可拾芥，
尚有粘性。故其虫蚁之类，乃未入土时所粘者。二物皆自松出，而所禀各异。茯苓生于阴而
成于阳，琥珀生于阳而成于阴，故皆治营安心而利水也。 曰∶凡用，须分红松脂、石珀、
水珀、花珀、物象珀、 珀、琥珀。其红松脂如琥珀，只是浊，大脆，纹横。水珀多无红，
色如浅黄，多皱纹。石珀如石重，色黄不堪用。花珀纹似新马尾松心纹，一路赤，一路黄。
物象珀其内自有物命，入用神妙。 珀是众珀之长。琥珀如血色，以布拭热，吸得芥子者，
真也。时珍曰∶琥珀拾芥，乃草芥，即禾草也。雷氏言拾芥子，误矣。《唐书》载西域康乾
河松木，入水一、二年化为石，正与松、枫诸木沉入土化珀，同一理也。今金齿、丽江亦有
之。其茯苓千年化琥珀之说，亦误传也。按∶曹昭《格古论》云∶琥珀出西番、南番，乃枫
木津液多年所化。色黄而明莹者名蜡珀，色若松香红而且黄者名明珀，有香者名香珀，出高
丽、倭国者色深红。有蜂、蚁、松枝者尤好。
【修治】 曰∶入药，用水调侧柏子末，安瓷锅中，置琥珀于内煮之，从巳至申，当有
异光，捣粉筛用。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】安五脏，定魂魄，杀精魅邪鬼，消瘀血，通五淋（《别录》）。
壮心，明目磨翳，止心痛癫邪，疗蛊毒，破结瘕，治产后血枕痛（大明）。止血生肌，
合金
【发明】震亨曰∶古方用为利小便，以燥脾土有功，脾能运化，肺气下降，故小便可通。
若血少不利者，反致其燥急之苦。
弘景曰∶俗中多带之辟恶。刮屑服，疗瘀血至验。《仙经》无正用。藏器曰∶和大黄、
鳖甲作散，酒下方寸匕，下恶血、妇人腹内血，尽即止。宋高祖时，宁州贡琥珀枕，碎以赐
军士，敷金疮。
【附方】旧四，新五。
琥珀散∶止血生肌，镇心明目，破症瘕气块，产后血晕闷绝，儿枕痛，并宜饵此方。琥
珀一两，鳖甲一两，京三棱一两，延胡索半两，没药半两，大黄六铢，熬捣为散。空心酒服
三钱匕，日再服。神验莫及。产后即减大黄。（《海药本草》）
小儿胎惊∶琥珀、防风各一钱，朱砂半钱，为末。猪乳调一字，入口中，最妙。（《
指方》）。
小儿胎痫∶琥珀、朱砂各少许，全蝎一枚。为末。麦门冬汤调一字服。（《直指方》
小便转胞∶真琥珀一两，为末。用水四升，葱白十茎，煮汁三升，入珀末二钱，温服。
沙石诸淋，三服皆效。（《圣惠方》）。
小便淋沥∶琥珀为末二钱，麝香少许。白汤服之，或萱草煎汤服。老人、虚人，以人参
汤下。亦可蜜丸，以赤茯苓汤下。（《普济方》）
小便尿血∶琥珀为末。每服二钱，灯心汤下。（《直指方》）。
从高坠下，有瘀血在内∶刮琥珀屑，酒服方寸匕。或入蒲黄三、二匕，日服四、五次。
（《外台秘要》）。
金疮闷绝不识人∶琥珀研粉，童子小便调一钱。三服瘥。（《鬼遗方》）。
鱼骨哽咽，六、七日不出∶用琥珀珠一串，推入哽所，牵引之即出。（《外台秘要》）。
（关于）血余（人发）。用茯苓、胡黄连煎汤，饮用后痊愈。（出自夏子益《奇疾方》）。
水肿且小便涩痛：取茯苓皮、椒目各等分，煎汤，每日饮用以见效。（出自《普济方》）。
（出自《名医别录》，列为上品）
【释名】江珠。
李时珍说：老虎死后，其精魄入地化为石头，这种物质形状类似，所以称为虎魄。俗体字从玉旁，是因为它像玉一样。
梵文称之为阿湿摩揭婆。
【集解】《名医别录》说：琥珀产于永昌。
陶弘景说：旧传说是松脂落入地下千年所化。现在烧它也会发出松脂的气味。其中也有包裹着一只蜜蜂，颜色和形态都像活的一样。《博物志》却说“是燃烧蜂巢所作”，恐怕不是事实。这或许是蜜蜂被松脂沾住，因而坠落地下沉没罢了。也有煮鸡蛋和青鱼枕伪造的，都不是真的。只有用手心摩擦发热后能吸附草芥的才是真品。现在多从外国进口，而在出产茯苓的地方并没有琥珀，不知道出产琥珀的地方是否又有茯苓呢？
苏颂说：琥珀是海松木中的津液，起初像桃胶，后来才凝结。另外还有南珀，品质不及前者。
保升说：枫树树脂落入地下千年变为琥珀，不只是松脂能变。大抵树木树脂落入地下千年都会变化，只是不如枫树、松树那样富含树脂且历经多年岁月。蜂巢既然已经烧毁，怎么会有蜜蜂的形状还留在里面呢？
陈承说：现在西戎地区也有，颜色较淡且明澈。南方的颜色深而浑浊，当地人多将其碾磨成各种物形。如果说它是千年茯苓所化，那么附着在其中的蜂、蚁都完好存在，极不合理。《地理志》说：海南林邑多出琥珀，是松脂落入地下所化。有琥珀的地方旁边没有草木。入土浅的五尺，深的八、九尺。大的像斛那么大，削去皮后才成形。这种说法比较可信。但土地有所适宜和不适宜，所以有的能化，有的不能化。燃烧蜂巢的说法，不知有什么依据？
寇宗奭说：各家所说的茯苓、琥珀，虽然有小异同，都说由松脂所化。但茯苓、茯神，是大松树折断或砍伐后，根部疤痕不朽，津液下流而结成，所以能治疗心肾，通利津液。若琥珀则是松树树枝节茂盛时，被烈日灼烧，流出的树脂涌出树身外，日渐浓大，因掉落在土中，经过岁月滋润，被土壤渗泄，而光莹的体质独存。现在还能吸附草芥，尚且有粘性。所以其中的虫蚁之类，是未入土时所粘住的。这两种物质都出自松树，但禀受的气各异。茯苓生于阴而成于阳，琥珀生于阳而成于阴，所以都能调理营气、安心神并利水。
苏颂说：凡是用药，需区分红松脂、石珀、水珀、花珀、物象珀、杂珀、琥珀。其中红松脂像琥珀，只是质地浑浊，大脆，纹理横向。水珀大多无红色，色如浅黄，多有皱纹。石珀像石头一样重，色黄不堪使用。花珀纹理像新马尾松心的纹理，一路赤色，一路黄色。物象珀内部自有生物生命，入药使用神妙。杂珀是众珀之长。琥珀如血色，用布擦拭发热，能吸附芥子的，是真品。李时珍说：琥珀吸附草芥，指的是草芥，即禾本科杂草。雷斅说吸附芥子，是错误的。《唐书》记载西域康乾河边的松木，入水一两年化为石头，正与松、枫等树木沉入土中化为琥珀，是同一个道理。现在金齿、丽江也有。那种“茯苓千年化为琥珀”的说法，也是误传。按：曹昭《格古论》说：琥珀出自西番、南番，是枫木津液多年所化。色黄而明莹的名为蜡珀，色像松香红而且黄的名为明珀，有香气的名为香珀，出自高丽、倭国的颜色深红。有蜂、蚁、松枝包裹的尤其好。
【修治】苏颂说：入药时，用水调拌侧柏子末，放入瓷锅中，将琥珀置于其中煮制，从巳时至申时，应当有奇异的光泽出现，捣碎成粉筛细备用。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】安五脏，定魂魄，杀精魅邪鬼，消瘀血，通五淋（出自《名医别录》）。
壮心气，明目去翳，止心痛癫狂，疗蛊毒，破结瘕，治产后血块痛（出自孟诜《食疗本草》）。止血生肌，促进伤口愈合（出自李珣《海药本草》）。
【发明】朱震亨说：古方用它来利小便，因为它对燥湿健脾有功，脾能运化，肺气下降，所以小便可以通利。如果血少不利者，反而会导致其燥急之苦。
陶弘景说：世俗中多佩戴它来辟除恶气。刮屑服用，治疗瘀血非常有效。《仙经》中没有正式用法。陈藏器说：与大黄、鳖甲做成散剂，酒送下方寸匕，可排出恶血、妇人腹内瘀血，排尽即止。宋高祖时，宁州进贡琥珀枕，打碎赐给军士，敷贴金疮。
【附方】旧方四个，新方五个。
琥珀散：止血生肌，镇心安神明目，破症瘕气块，产后血晕闷绝，儿枕痛，都适宜服用此方。琥珀一两，鳖甲一两，京三棱一两，延胡索半两，没药半两，大黄六铢，熬制捣碎为散剂。空腹时用酒送服三钱匕，每日两次服用。神验无比。产后即减去大黄。（出自《海药本草》）
小儿胎惊：琥珀、防风各一钱，朱砂半钱，研为末。用猪乳调成一字量，入口中，效果最好。（出自《指迷方》）。
小儿胎痫：琥珀、朱砂各少许，全蝎一枚。研为末。用麦门冬汤调成一字量服用。（出自《直指方》）
小便转胞（尿潴留）：真琥珀一两，研为末。用水四升，葱白十茎，煮取汁三升，加入琥珀末二钱，温服。沙石诸淋，服用三次皆有效。（出自《圣惠方》）。
小便淋沥：琥珀研为末二钱，麝香少许。用白开水送服，或用萱草煎汤送服。老人、虚人，用人参汤送服。也可以制成蜜丸，用赤茯苓汤送服。（出自《普济方》）
小便尿血：琥珀研为末。每次服用二钱，用灯心草汤送服。（出自《直指方》）。
从高坠落，体内有瘀血：刮取琥珀屑，用酒送服方寸匕。或者加入蒲黄三、二匕，每日服用四、五次。（出自《外台秘要》）。
金疮闷绝不识人：琥珀研粉，用童子小便调和一钱。服用三次痊愈。（出自《鬼遗方》）。
鱼骨哽咽，六、七天不出：用一串琥珀珠，推入哽噎处，牵引之即可取出。（出自《外台秘要》）。
(Blood residue [Renfa, human hair]): Decoct Poria (Fuling) and Picrorhiza (Huhuanglian), drink the decoction to be cured. (From Xia Ziyi's *Qiji Fang*).
Edema with difficult urination: Take equal parts of Poria skin (Fulingpi) and Pepper seed (Jiaomu), decoct in water, drink daily for effect. (From *Puji Fang*).
(Recorded in *Bencao Jing Jizhu*, Upper Grade)
[Names]: Jiangzhu.
Li Shizhen said: When a tiger dies, its essence and soul enter the earth and transform into stone; this substance resembles it, hence called "Hu Po" (Tiger Amber). The common character uses the jade radical because it resembles jade.
In Sanskrit, it is called Asmakaja.
[Collection and Explanation]: *Bencao Jing Jizhu* states: Amber is produced in Yongchang.
Tao Hongjing said: Old theories say it is formed from pine resin sinking into the ground for a thousand years. Burning it now also produces a pine scent. Some contain a bee inside, with color and form as if alive. *Bowuzhi* claims it is "made by burning beehives," which is likely incorrect. Perhaps a bee was stuck by pine resin and fell into the ground to sink. Others are forged by boiling chicken eggs or green fish pillows, which are not genuine. Only those that can attract grass seeds when rubbed warm between the palms are true. Currently, they mostly come from foreign countries, and where Poria is produced, there is no amber; I do not know if places producing amber also have Poria?
Su Song said: Amber is the sap of the sea pine tree, initially like peach gum, later solidifying. There is also Southern Amber, inferior to the former.
Bao Sheng said: Maple resin turns into amber after a thousand years in the ground, not just pine resin. Generally, tree resins transform after a millennium in the earth, but fewer trees have rich resin and endure such long periods. If a beehive is burned, how could the bee's shape remain intact?
Cheng Cheng said: Now in the Western Regions, there is also amber, with a lighter and clearer color. Southern amber is darker and turbid; locals often grind it into various shapes. To say it transforms from a thousand-year-old Poria is unreasonable, as bees and ants attached to it would not remain intact. *Dili Zhi* says: Lin Yi in Hainan produces much amber, formed from pine resin sinking into the ground. Where amber exists, there are no surrounding plants. It lies five chi shallowly, or eight to nine chi deeply. Large ones are as big as a hu measure; only after peeling them do they take shape. This explanation is superior. However, land has suitable and unsuitable conditions, so some transform and others do not. The theory of burning beehives lacks basis.
Kou Zongshi said: Various schools discuss Poria and Amber, noting minor differences but agreeing they originate from pine resin. However, Poria and Fushen form when large pines break or are felled, root scars remain immortal, sap flows down and solidifies, thus treating the heart and kidney and unblocking fluids. Amber forms when pine branches are flourishing, scorched by hot sun, causing resin to flow out of the trunk, thickening over time, falling into the soil, moistened for years, seeped by the earth, leaving only the lustrous body. It can still attract grass seeds, showing stickiness. Thus, insects and ants are those stuck before entering the soil. Both substances come from pines but differ in their endowments. Poria is born in Yin and completes in Yang; Amber is born in Yang and completes in Yin. Thus, both regulate Ying Qi, calm the mind, and promote diuresis.
Su Song said: In usage, distinguish Red Pine Resin, Stone Amber, Water Amber, Flower Amber, Object-Image Amber, Mixed Amber, and Amber. Red Pine Resin resembles amber but is turbid, brittle, with horizontal grain. Water Amber is mostly non-red, pale yellow, wrinkled. Stone Amber is heavy like stone, yellow, unusable. Flower Amber has grains like new Masson pine heart, alternating red and yellow. Object-Image Amber contains living creatures inside, miraculous in use. Mixed Amber is the leader of ambers. Amber looks like blood color; rubbing it with cloth until hot allows it to attract mustard seeds if genuine. Li Shizhen said: "Attracting grass seeds" refers to weeds, i.e., cereal grasses. Lei Xiao erred in saying "mustard seeds." *Book of Tang* records pine wood in Kangqian River, Western Regions, turning to stone after one or two years in water, same logic as pine/maple wood sinking into earth to become amber. Now found in Jinchi and Lijiang. The theory of "Poria transforming into amber after a millennium" is also a misinterpretation. According to Cao Zhao's *Ge Gu Lun*: Amber comes from Western and Southern Barbarians, transformed from maple sap over many years. Yellow and clear is named Wax Amber; red-like rosin and yellow is named Bright Amber; fragrant is named Fragrant Amber; from Goryeo and Japan is deep red. Those containing bees, ants, or pine branches are especially good.
[Preparation]: Su Song said: For medicinal use, mix Cnidium seed powder with water, place in a porcelain pot, put amber inside, boil from Si hour to Shen hour, strange light should appear, crush into powder and sieve.
[Flavor and Toxicity]: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications]: Calms the Five Zang organs, stabilizes Hun and Po souls, kills spirits and evil ghosts, dissipates blood stasis, unblocks the Five Stranguries (*Bencao Jing Jizhu*).
Strengthens the Heart, brightens eyes and removes nebula, stops heart pain and mania, treats gu poison, breaks accumulations and masses, treats postpartum blood mass pain (Meng Shen). Stops bleeding and generates flesh, promotes wound healing (Li Xun).
[Elucidation]: Zhu Zhenheng said: Ancient formulas used it to promote urination, as it benefits drying dampness and strengthening Spleen Earth; when Spleen can transport and transform, Lung Qi descends, thus urine flows freely. If deficiency of Blood causes difficulty in urination, it may instead cause bitterness of dryness and urgency.
Tao Hongjing said: Common people often wear it to ward off evil. Scraping and taking the powder is very effective for blood stasis. *Xian Jing* has no formal use. Chen Cangqi said: Mix with Rhubarb and Turtle Shell to make a powder, take one cun cube with wine to expel evil blood and intra-abdominal blood in women, stop when exhausted. During Emperor Gaozu of Song's reign, Ning Prefecture offered an amber pillow, shattered and given to soldiers to apply to metal wounds.
[Attached Formulas]: Four old, five new.
Amber Powder: Stops bleeding, generates flesh, calms heart, brightens eyes, breaks masses and qi blocks, postpartum blood fainting and suffocation, infant pillow pain, all suitable for this formula. Amber 1 liang, Turtle Shell 1 liang, Sanleng 1 liang, Yanhusuo 0.5 liang, Myrrh 0.5 liang, Rhubarb 6 zhu, processed and crushed into powder. Take three qian cubes on an empty stomach with wine, twice daily. Incomparably effective. Reduce Rhubarb dosage postpartum. (*Haiyao Bencao*)
Infant Congenital Fright: Amber and Saposhnikovia each 1 qian, Cinnabar 0.5 qian, powdered. Mix with pig milk to a size of "yi character," place in mouth, best effect. (*Zhimi Fang*)
Infant Congenital Epilepsy: Small amounts of Amber and Cinnabar, one whole Scorpion. Powdered. Take one "yi character" mixed with Ophiopogon soup. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Urinary Retention (Zhuanbao): Genuine Amber 1 liang, powdered. Use 4 sheng water, 10 stalks of white onion part, decoct to 3 sheng juice, add 2 qian Amber powder, take warm. Effective for gravel and other stranguries after three doses. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Dribbling Urination: Amber powder 2 qian, Musk a little. Take with plain boiled water, or Daylily decoction. For elderly or deficient persons, take with Ginseng soup. Can also be made into honey pills, taken with Red Poria soup. (*Puji Fang*)
Hematuria: Amber powder. Take 2 qian per dose, with Nymphoides cordata (Dengxincao) soup. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Fall from height with internal blood stasis: Scrape Amber powder, take one cun cube with wine. Or add Polygonatum multiflorum (Puhuang) 2-3 cubes, take 4-5 times daily. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Metal wound causing fainting and unconsciousness: Grind Amber into powder, mix with boy's urine 1 qian. Three doses cure. (*Guiyi Fang*)
Fish bone stuck in throat for 6-7 days: Use a string of Amber beads, push into the stuck area, pull to extract. (*Waitai Miyao*)