（《本经》下品）
【释名】离娄（《别录》）、掘据（音结居），
时珍曰∶ 茹本作 ，其根牵引之貌。掘据，当作拮据，《诗》云∶予
手拮据，手口共作之状也。
【集解】《别录》曰∶ 茹生代郡川谷。五月采根阴干。黑头者，良。普曰∶草高四五
尺，叶圆黄，四四相当。四月华黄，五月实黑。根黄，有汁亦黄色。
三月采叶，四月、五月采根。
弘景曰∶今第一出高丽，色黄。初断时汁出凝黑如漆，故云漆头。
次出近道，名草 茹，色白，皆烧铁烁头令黑，以当漆头，非真也。
颂曰∶今河阳、淄、齐州亦有之。二月生苗，叶似大戟而花黄色。根如萝卜，皮赤黄，
肉白。
初断时，汁出凝黑如漆。三月开浅红花，亦淡黄色，不着子。陶隐居谓出高丽者，此近之。
又有一种草 茹，色白。古方两用之。故姚僧坦治痈疽生恶肉，有白 茹散，敷之看肉尽便
停止，但敷诸膏药。若不生肉，又敷黄 散。恶肉仍不尽者，可以漆头赤皮
和白闾茹散三钱合敷之。观此，则赤白皆可用也。
时珍曰∶《范子计然》云∶ 茹出武都，黄色者善。草 茹出建康，白色。今亦处处有
之，生山原中。春初生苗，高二、三尺。根长大如萝卜、蔓荆状，或有歧出者，皮黄赤，肉
白色，破之有黄浆汁。茎叶如大戟，而叶长微阔，不甚尖，折之有白汁。抱茎有短叶相对，
团而出尖。叶中出茎，茎中分二三小枝。二、三月开细紫花，结实如豆大，一颗三粒相合，
生青熟黑，中有白仁如续随子之状。今人往往皆呼其根为野狼毒，误矣。野狼毒叶似商陆、大黄
辈，根无浆汁。
根
【气味】辛，寒，有小毒。《别录》曰∶酸。普曰∶神农∶辛；岐伯∶酸、咸，有毒；
李当之∶大寒。
之才曰∶甘草为之使，恶麦门冬。
【主治】蚀恶肉败疮死肌，杀疥虫，排脓恶血，除大风热气，善忘不乐（《本经》）。去
热痹，破症瘕，除
【发明】宗 曰∶治马疥尤善，服食方用至少。
时珍曰∶《素问》∶治妇人血枯痛，用乌 骨、 茹二物丸服，方见乌 鱼下。王冰言∶
茹取其散恶血。又《齐书》云∶郡王子隆年二十，身体过充。徐嗣伯合 茹丸服之自消。
则茹亦可服食，但要斟酌尔。《孟诜必效方》∶治甲疽生于脚趾边肿烂。用
二两，苦酒浸一宿，以猪脂五合合煎，取膏三合。日三涂之，即消。又《圣惠方》∶治头风
旋眩，鸱头丸中亦用之。
【附方】旧二，新二。
缓疽肿痛∶ 茹一两，为散。温水服二钱匕。（《圣惠方》）
伤寒咽痛，毒攻作肿∶真 茹爪甲大，纳口中，嚼汁咽之，当微觉为佳。（张文仲《备
急方
中焦热痞，善忘不禁∶ 茹三分，甘草（炙）二两，硝石。为末。每服一钱，鸡鸣时温
酒下，以知为度。（《圣惠方》）
疥疮瘙痒∶ 茹末，入轻粉，香油调敷之。（《多能鄙事》）
（收录于《神农本草经》下品）
【释名】离娄（出自《名医别录》）、掘据（读音同“结居”）。
李时珍说：茹字原本写作“”，形容其根部牵引延伸的样子。“掘据”应当作“拮据”，《诗经》中说：“我的手拮据”，这是形容手和口共同劳作的样子。
【集解】《名医别录》记载：茹生长在代郡的河谷地带。五月采集根部，阴干。头部呈黑色的，品质优良。雷斅说：草高四五尺，叶子圆形且发黄，四片叶子相对生长。四月开黄花，五月结黑色果实。根部黄色，折断后有黄色汁液流出。三月采集叶子，四月、五月采集根部。
陶弘景说：现在第一种产自高丽，颜色发黄。刚折断时汁液流出凝结成黑色如漆，所以称为“漆头”。第二种产自邻近地区，名为“草茹”，颜色白色，都是烧铁灼烧根部使其变黑，来冒充漆头，并非真品。
苏颂说：现在河阳、淄州、齐州也有出产。二月生苗，叶子像大戟而花为黄色。根像萝卜，皮赤黄色，肉白色。
刚折断时，汁液流出凝结成黑色如漆。三月开浅红花，也有淡黄色的，不结种子。陶隐居所说的产自高丽的，与此相近。
又有一种草茹，颜色白色。古方中两种都使用。所以姚僧坦治疗痈疽长出恶肉，用白茹散敷贴，看到恶肉脱落就停止，只敷各种膏药。如果不长新肉，又敷黄茹散。如果恶肉仍不脱尽，可以用漆头赤皮和白闾茹散三钱混合敷贴。看这些情况，则赤色和白色的都可以使用。
李时珍说：《范子计然》记载：茹产于武都，黄色的好。草茹产于建康，白色的。现在到处都有，生长在山地原野中。春初生苗，高二三尺。根长大像萝卜、蔓荆状，有的有分枝，皮黄赤，肉白色，破开后有黄色浆汁。茎叶像大戟，但叶子较长微宽，不太尖，折断后有白色汁液。抱茎处有短叶相对，团状而出尖。叶中生出茎，茎中分出二三小枝。二、三月开细紫花，结豆大的果实，一颗由三粒合成，生时青色熟时黑色，中有白色种仁像续随子的样子。现在人往往都叫它的根为野狼毒，这是错误的。野狼毒叶子像商陆、大黄之类，根没有浆汁。
【气味】辛，寒，有小毒。《名医别录》说：酸味。雷斅说：神农认为辛；岐伯认为酸、咸，有毒；李当之认为大寒。
徐之才说：甘草作为引经药，畏麦门冬。
【主治】腐蚀恶肉、败疮、死肌，杀灭疥虫，排出脓液和恶血，祛除大风热气，治疗善忘和不快乐（出自《神农本草经》）。去除热痹，破除症瘕积聚。
【发明】寇宗奭说：治疗马疥特别有效，服用量极少。
李时珍说：《素问》记载：治疗妇人血枯痛，用乌骨、茹二物丸服用，方剂见乌鱼条下。王冰说：茹取其消散恶血的作用。又《南齐书》记载：郡王子隆二十岁，身体过度肥胖。徐嗣伯配制茹丸让他服用，身体自然消瘦。那么茹也可以用于服食调理，只是要斟酌用量罢了。《孟诜必效方》：治疗甲疽生在脚趾边肿痛溃烂。用二两，用醋浸泡一夜，用猪脂五合一起煎煮，取膏三合。每天涂三次，即可消退。又《太平圣惠方》：治疗头风眩晕，鸱头丸中也用到它。
【附方】旧方两个，新方两个。
缓疽肿痛：茹一两，研为散剂。温水送服二钱匕。（出自《太平圣惠方》）
伤寒咽痛，毒气攻发作肿：真茹如指甲大小，放入口中，嚼碎汁液咽下，微微感到舒适为佳。（出自张文仲《备急方》）
中焦热痞，善忘不禁：茹三分，甘草（炙）二两，硝石。研为末。每次服一钱，鸡鸣时温酒送下，以见效为度。（出自《太平圣惠方》）
疥疮瘙痒：茹末，加入轻粉，用香油调匀敷贴。（出自《多能鄙事》）
(Recorded in the Lower Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] L Lou (from *Mingyi Bielu*), Jue Ju (pronounced "Jie Ju").
Li Shizhen states: The character Ru originally depicts the appearance of its root being pulled and extended. "Jue Ju" should be written as "Jie Ju"; as stated in the *Book of Songs*: "My hands are busy," describing the state of working with both hands and mouth.
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* records that Ru grows in the river valleys of Dai Commandery. The roots are harvested in the fifth month and dried in the shade. Those with black heads are of superior quality. Lei Xiao states: The plant is four to five chi tall, with round yellow leaves growing in opposite pairs of four. It bears yellow flowers in the fourth month and black fruits in the fifth month. The root is yellow, exuding yellow juice when broken. Leaves are harvested in the third month; roots in the fourth and fifth months.
Tao Hongjing states: The first variety comes from Goryeo, with a yellow color. When initially cut, the juice flows out and coagulates into a black substance like lacquer, hence the name "Lacquer Head." The second variety comes from nearby regions, named "Grass Ru," which is white. These are often made black by scorching the root ends with hot iron to pass off as Lacquer Head, which is not genuine.
Su Song states: It is now also found in Heyang, Zizhou, and Qizhou. Seedlings emerge in the second month; the leaves resemble those of *Euphorbia lathyris* (Daji) and bear yellow flowers. The root resembles a radish, with reddish-yellow skin and white flesh.
When initially cut, the juice flows out and coagulates into a black substance like lacquer. It bears pale red flowers in the third month, or sometimes pale yellow, and does not produce seeds. Tao Hongjing's description of the variety from Goryeo is close to this.
There is another variety of Grass Ru that is white. Both varieties were used in ancient prescriptions. For instance, Yao Sengtan treated carbuncles and sores with foul flesh using Bai Ru San (White Ru Powder), applying it until the foul flesh fell off, then continuing with various ointments. If new flesh did not grow, Huang Ru San (Yellow Ru Powder) was applied. If the foul flesh remained, Qi Tou Chi Pi (Lacquer Head Red Skin) and Bai Lu Ru San (White Lu Ru Powder) were mixed in equal parts for application. This indicates that both red and white varieties can be used.
Li Shizhen states: *Fanzi Jiran* records that Ru grows in Wudu, with the yellow variety being superior. Grass Ru grows in Jiankang and is white. It is now found everywhere, growing in mountainous plains. Seedlings emerge in early spring, reaching two to three chi in height. The root is large and long, resembling a radish or *Vitex negundo* (Manjing), sometimes branched, with yellow-red skin and white flesh, exuding yellow milky juice when broken. The stems and leaves resemble *Euphorbia lathyris*, but the leaves are longer, slightly broader, and not very pointed, exuding white juice when broken. Short leaves grow oppositely against the stem, forming a rounded tip. Stems emerge from the leaves, branching into two or three small twigs. Fine purple flowers bloom in the second and third months, bearing bean-sized fruits composed of three fused seeds, green when fresh and black when ripe, containing white kernels resembling those of *Euphorbia lathyris*. People often mistakenly call its root Ye Lang Du (Wild Wolf Poison). This is incorrect. The leaves of Ye Lang Du resemble those of *Phytolacca acinosa* (Shanglu) and *Rheum palmatum* (Dahuang), and its root lacks milky juice.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Pungent, cold, slightly toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* adds: Sour. Lei Xiao records: Shennong considered it pungent; Qibo considered it sour and salty, toxic; Li Dangzhi considered it greatly cold.
Xu Zhicai states: Licorice Root (*Gancao*) acts as an assistant herb; it is incompatible with Ophiopogon Tuber (*Maimendong*).
[Therapeutic Actions] Erodes foul flesh, decaying sores, and necrotic tissue; kills scabies mites; expels pus and bad blood; dispels severe wind-heat; treats forgetfulness and melancholy (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Removes heat-bi; breaks up masses and accumulations.
[Innovation and Commentary] Kou Zongshi states: It is particularly effective for treating equine scabies; the dosage for internal use is minimal.
Li Shizhen states: *Suwen* records: To treat uterine blood depletion and pain, a pill made of Crow Bone and Ru is administered (see formula under Crow Fish entry). Wang Bing states: Ru is used for its ability to dissipate bad blood. Additionally, *Book of Southern Qi* records: Prince Long of the commandery was twenty years old and excessively obese. Xu Sibai prescribed Ru Wan (Ru Pill), after which his body naturally slimmed down. Thus, Ru can be used for dietary therapy, provided the dosage is carefully considered. *Meng Shen Bixiao Fang* records: To treat onychia (paronychia) causing swelling and ulceration at the toe edges, use two liang of Ru, soaked in vinegar overnight, then decocted with five he of lard to yield three he of ointment. Apply three times daily until resolved. *Taiping Shenghui Fang* records: To treat head wind with vertigo, it is also included in Chitou Wan (Owl Head Pill).
[Attached Prescriptions] Two old, two new.
Slow Abscess with Swelling and Pain: One liang of Ru, ground into powder. Take two qian bi with warm water (from *Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Cold Damage with Sore Throat, Toxic Swelling: A piece of authentic Ru the size of a fingernail, placed in the mouth, chewed, and the juice swallowed. Mild comfort is desirable (from Zhang Wenzhong's *Beiji Fang*).
Middle Jiao Heat Obstruction with Uncontrollable Forgetfulness: Three fen of Ru, two liang of roasted Licorice Root (*Gancao*), and Niter. Ground into powder. Take one qian each time, administered with warm wine at cockcrow, stopping when effective (from *Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Scabies with Itching: Powdered Ru mixed with Calomel (*Qingfen*), applied with sesame oil (from *Duoneng Bisshi*).