（《唐本草》）
【释名】 菜（恭）、 荣。
【集解】恭曰∶ 菜所在有之，生水旁。叶圆，似泽泻而小。花青白色。亦堪蒸啖，江
南人用蒸鱼食甚美。五、六月采茎叶，曝干用。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】暴热喘息，小儿丹肿（恭）。
（《本经》下品）
【释名】蓄（《别录》）、秃菜（弘景）、败毒菜（《纲目》）、牛舌菜（同）、羊蹄大黄（《
庚辛玉册》）、鬼目（《本经》）、东方宿（同）、连虫陆（同）、水黄芹（俗），子名金荞麦。
弘景曰∶今人呼为秃菜，即蓄字音讹也。
时珍曰∶羊蹄以根名，牛舌以叶形，名秃菜以治秃疮名也。《诗·小雅》云∶言采其 。
陆玑注云∶ ，即蓄字，今之羊蹄也。幽州人谓之 。根似长芦菔而茎赤。亦可瀹为茹，
滑美。郑樵《通志》指 为《尔雅》之菲及蒉者，误矣。金荞麦以相似名。
【集解】《别录》曰∶羊蹄生陈留川泽。
保升曰∶所在有之，生下湿地。春生苗，高者三、四尺。叶狭长，颇似莴苣而色深。茎
节间紫赤。开青白花成穗，结子三棱，夏中即枯。根似牛蒡而坚实。
宗 曰∶叶如菜中波棱，但无歧而色差青白，叶浓，花与子亦相似。叶可洁擦 石。子
名金荞麦，烧炼家用以制铅、汞。
时珍曰∶近水及湿地极多。叶长尺余，似牛舌之形，不似波棱。入夏起苔，开花结子，
花叶一色。夏至即枯，秋深即生，凌冬不死。根长近尺，赤黄色，如大黄胡萝卜形。
根
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。恭曰∶辛、苦，有小毒。
时珍曰∶能制三黄、砒石、丹砂、水银。
【主治】头秃疥瘙，除热，女子阴蚀（《本经》）。浸淫疽痔，杀虫（《别录》）。疗蛊毒
（恭）。治癣，杀一切虫。醋磨，贴肿毒（大明）。捣汁二、三匙，入水半盏煎之，空腹温服，
治产后风秘，殊验（宗 ）。
【发明】震亨曰∶羊蹄根属水，走血分。
颂曰∶新采者，磨醋涂癣速效。亦煎作丸服。采根不限多少，捣绞汁一大升，白蜜半升，
同熬如稠饧，更用防风末六两，搜和令可丸，丸如梧子大。用栝蒌、甘草煎酒下三、二十丸，
日二、三服。
【附方】旧六，新七。
大便卒结∶羊蹄根一两，水一大盏，煎六分，温服。（《圣惠方》）
肠风下血∶败毒菜根（洗切），用连皮老姜各半盏，同炒赤，以无灰酒淬之，碗盖少顷，
去滓，任意饮。（《永类方》）。
喉痹不语∶羊蹄独根者，勿见风日及妇人、鸡、犬，以三年醋研如泥，生布拭喉外令赤，
涂之。（《千金方》）。面上紫块如钱大，或满面俱有。野大黄四两（取汁），穿山甲十片（烧
存性），川椒末五钱，生姜四两取汁和研，生绢包擦。如干，入醋润湿。数次如初，累效。（《陆
氏积德堂
疡风驳∶羊蹄草根，于生铁上磨好醋，旋旋刮涂。入硫黄少许，更妙。日日用之。（《
圣惠》）
汗斑癜风∶羊蹄根二两，独科扫帚头一两，枯矾五钱，轻粉一钱，生姜半两，同杵如泥。
以汤澡浴，用手抓患处起粗皮。以布包药，着力擦之。暖卧取汗，即愈也。乃盐山刘氏方，
比用硫黄者更妙。（《蔺氏经验方》）
头风白屑∶羊蹄草根曝干杵末，同羊胆汁涂之，永除。（《圣惠方》）
头上白秃∶独根羊蹄，勿见妇女、鸡、犬、风日，以陈醋研如泥，生布擦赤敷之，日一
次。（《肘后》）。
癣久不瘥∶《简要济众方》∶用羊蹄根杵绞汁，入轻粉少许，和如膏，涂之。三、五次即
愈。《永类方》∶治癣经年者。败毒菜根（独生者），即羊蹄根，捣三钱，入川百药煎二钱，
白
梅肉擂匀，以井华水一盏，滤汁澄清。天明空心服之。不宜食热物。其滓抓破擦之。三次即
愈。《千金方》∶治细癣。用羊蹄根五升，桑柴灰汁煮四、五沸，取汁洗之。仍以羊蹄汁和矾
末涂之。 疥，湿癣浸淫日广，痒不可忍，愈后复发，出黄水∶羊蹄根捣，和大醋，洗净涂
上
疥疮有虫∶羊蹄根捣，和猪脂，入盐少许，日涂之。（《外台秘要》）
叶
【气味】甘，滑，寒，无毒。
【主治】小儿疳虫，杀胡夷鱼、 鱼、檀胡鱼毒，作菜。多食，滑大腑（大明。时珍曰∶
胡夷、 鱼皆河豚名。檀胡未详）。作菜，止痒。不宜多食，令人下气（诜）。连根烂蒸一碗
食，治肠痔泻血甚效（时珍）。
【附方】旧一。
实
【气味】苦，涩，平，无毒。
【主治】赤白杂痢（恭）。妇人血气（时珍）。
（引自《唐本草》）
【释名】 菜（苏恭）、 荣。
【集解】 苏恭说： 菜到处都有，生长在水边。叶子圆形，比泽泻小。花呈青白色。也可以蒸熟食用，江南人用它来蒸鱼吃，味道非常鲜美。五月、六月采集茎叶，晒干后使用。
【气味】 味甘，性寒，无毒。
（引自《本经》下品）
【释名】 蓄（《别录》）、秃菜（陶弘景）、败毒菜（《纲目》）、牛舌菜（同上）、羊蹄大黄（《庚辛玉册》）、鬼目（《本经》）、东方宿（同上）、连虫陆（同上）、水黄芹（俗称），种子名为金荞麦。
陶弘景说：现在的人叫它秃菜，这是“蓄”字读音讹变的结果。
李时珍说：羊蹄因根部得名，牛舌因叶片形状得名，秃菜因能治疗秃疮而得名。《诗经·小雅》中说：“采它的 。”陆玑注释说： ，就是“蓄”字，也就是现在的羊蹄草。幽州人叫它 。根像长形的萝卜，茎是红色的。也可以煮着当蔬菜吃，滑润美味。郑樵在《通志》中把它指认为《尔雅》中的菲和蒉，这是错误的。金荞麦因为与它相似而得名。
【集解】 《别录》说：羊蹄生长在陈留的川泽地带。
保升说：到处都有，生长在低湿的地方。春天生苗，高的有三四尺。叶子狭长，很像莴苣但颜色更深。茎节间呈紫红色。开青白色的花，成穗状，结三棱形的种子，夏天中间就枯死了。根像牛蒡一样坚实。
宗 说：叶子像菜里的波棱，但没有分叉，颜色偏青白，叶子厚实，花和种子也相似。叶子可以用来擦洗石头。种子名叫金荞麦，炼丹家用它来炼制铅、汞。
李时珍说：靠近水边及湿地极多。叶子长一尺多，像牛舌的形状，不像波棱。入夏后抽苔开花结果，花和叶颜色一致。夏至时就枯死，深秋又再生，过冬不死。根长近一尺，赤黄色，像大黄和胡萝卜的形状。
【主治】 头秃、疥疮瘙痒，清热，女子阴部蚀烂（《本经》）。浸淫疽痔，杀虫（《别录》）。治疗蛊毒（苏恭）。治疗癣，杀灭各种虫子。用醋磨汁，贴敷肿毒（孟诜）。捣取汁液两到三匙，加入半盏水煎煮，空腹温服，治疗产后风秘，效果显著（宗 ）。
苏颂说：新采摘的，磨醋涂擦癣疾见效快。也可以煎煮做成丸药服用。采集根部不限数量，捣碎绞取一大升汁液，加入半升白蜜，一起熬制成稠糖状，再加入六两防风末，调和做成梧桐子大小的丸药。用栝蒌、甘草煎酒送服三二十丸，每天二到三次。
【附方】 旧方六个，新方七个。
大便突然闭塞不通：羊蹄根一两，水一大盏，煎至六分，温服。（《圣惠方》）
肠风下血：败毒菜根（洗净切段），用带皮老姜各半盏，同炒至红，用无灰酒淬之，碗盖片刻，去渣，随意饮用。（《永类方》）
喉痹失语：选取独根的羊蹄，不要见风日及妇人、鸡、狗，用三年陈醋研磨如泥，用生布擦拭喉咙外部使其发红，然后涂药。（《千金方》）面上有铜钱大小的紫块，或满脸都有。野大黄四两（取汁），穿山甲十片（烧存性），川椒末五钱，生姜四两取汁调和研磨，用生绢包药擦拭。如果干了，加醋润湿。像初次那样多次使用，屡试屡效。（《陆氏积德堂疡风驳》）
汗斑白癜风：羊蹄根二两，独科扫帚头一两，枯矾五钱，轻粉一钱，生姜半两，同捣如泥。用热水洗澡，用手抓患处起粗皮。用布包药，用力擦拭。暖卧取汗，即可痊愈。这是盐山刘氏的方子，比用硫黄的更妙。（《蔺氏经验方》）
头风白屑：羊蹄草根晒干研末，同羊胆汁涂擦，可永久去除。（《圣惠方》）
头上白秃：独根羊蹄，不见妇女、鸡、犬、风日，用陈醋研磨如泥，用生布擦红后敷上，每天一次。（《肘后方》）
癣疾久治不愈：《简要济众方》：用羊蹄根捣绞汁，加入少许轻粉，和成膏状，涂擦。三到五次即愈。《永类方》：治疗多年的癣。败毒菜根（独生的，即羊蹄根），捣三钱，加入川百药煎二钱，白梅肉擂匀，用井华水一盏，滤汁澄清。天亮时空腹服用。不宜吃热物。其药渣抓破后擦患处。三次即愈。《千金方》：治疗细癣。用羊蹄根五升，桑柴灰汁煮四到五沸，取汁清洗。仍以羊蹄汁和矾末涂擦。疥疮，湿癣浸淫日益扩大，痒得不可忍受，愈后复发，流出黄水：羊蹄根捣碎，加大醋，洗净涂上。
疥疮有虫：羊蹄根捣碎，和猪脂，加入少许盐，每天涂擦。（《外台秘要》）
叶
【气味】 味甘，滑利，性寒，无毒。
【主治】 小儿疳积虫积，杀灭胡夷鱼、 鱼、檀胡鱼的毒性，可做蔬菜。多吃会滑利大肠（孟诜。李时珍说：胡夷、 鱼都是河豚的名字。檀胡不详）。做蔬菜吃，止痒。不宜多吃，令人下气（甄权）。连根烂蒸一碗食用，治疗肠痔泻血非常有效（李时珍）。
【附方】 旧方一个。
实
【气味】 味苦，涩，平，无毒。
(Quoted from *Tang Bencao*)
[Names] Cai (Su Gong), Rong.
[Collection and Explanation] Su Gong said: Cai is found everywhere, growing by the water. The leaves are round, smaller than those of Alisma orientale (Zexie). The flowers are bluish-white. It can also be steamed and eaten; people in Jiangnan use it to steam fish, which tastes very delicious. In May and June, the stems and leaves are collected, dried in the sun, and used.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Sudden high fever with panting, pediatric erysipelas swelling and pain (Su Gong).
(Quoted from *Shennong Benjing*, Lower Grade)
[Names] Xu (*Bielu*), Tucai (Tao Hongjing), Baiducai (*Gangmu*), Niushecai (ibid.), Yangti Dahuang (*Gengxin Yuce*), Guimu (*Benjing*), Dongfangsu (ibid.), Lianchonglu (ibid.), Shuihuangqin (common name); the seed is named Jinqiaomai.
Tao Hongjing said: People now call it Tucai, which is a phonetic corruption of the character "Xu".
Li Shizhen said: Yangti is named after its root; Niushe is named after the leaf shape resembling an ox's tongue; Tucai is named for its ability to treat tinea capitis (scalp ringworm). The *Classic of Poetry · Xiaoya* states: "Gathering its ." Lu Ji annotated: " is the character Xu, which is today's Yangti. People in Youzhou call it . The root resembles a long radish, and the stem is red. It can also be boiled as a vegetable, smooth and delicious. Zheng Qiao in *Tongzhi* identified it as Fei and Kui from *Erya*, which is incorrect. Jin Qiaomai is named for its similarity to this plant.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* says: Yangti grows in the rivers and marshes of Chenliu.
Baosheng said: It is found everywhere, growing in low and wet areas. Sprouts emerge in spring, reaching three or four chi in height. The leaves are narrow and long, resembling lettuce but darker in color. The stem nodes are purplish-red. It bears bluish-white flowers in spikes, producing trigonous seeds, and withers in mid-summer. The root resembles Arctium lappa (Niubang) and is solid.
Zong said: The leaves resemble those of Spinacia oleracea (Boleng) in vegetables, but without lobes, lighter in color, thick, and similar in flower and seed. The leaves can be used to scrub stones. The seed is named Jin Qiaomai, used by alchemists to refine lead and mercury.
Li Shizhen said: It is abundant near water and wetlands. Leaves are over one chi long, shaped like an ox's tongue, not like Boleng. In summer, it bolts, flowers, and sets seed; flowers and leaves are the same color. It withers at the Summer Solstice and regrows in late autumn, surviving through winter. Roots are nearly one chi long, reddish-yellow, resembling Rhubarb and carrots.
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Su Gong said: Pungent, bitter, slightly toxic.
Li Shizhen said: It can counteract Sanhuang (Three Yellows), Pishi (Arsenic Trioxide), Dansha (Cinnabar), and Shuiyin (Mercury).
[Indications] Alopecia, scabies, and pruritus; clearing heat; treating erosion of the female genitals (*Benjing*). Treating impetigo, carbuncles, and hemorrhoids; killing parasites (*Bielu*). Treating gu poison (Su Gong). Treating tinea corporis (ringworm); killing all insects. Grind with vinegar and apply to swollen sores (Meng Shen). Extract juice, take two or three spoons, add half a cup of water, boil, and drink warm on an empty stomach to treat postpartum wind-induced constipation, with remarkable efficacy (Zong ).
[Invention and Clarification] Zhu Zhenheng said: Yangti root belongs to Water and enters the Blood aspect.
Su Song said: Freshly harvested roots ground with vinegar applied to tinea yield rapid results. It can also be decocted into pills. Collect roots without limit, crush and extract one sheng of juice, add half a sheng of white honey, and simmer into a thick syrup. Add six liang of Fangfeng powder, mix well to form pills the size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take thirty to twenty pills with decoction of Trichosanthes kirilowii root and Glycyrrhiza uralensis wine, two to three times daily.
[Attached Prescriptions] Six old prescriptions, seven new ones.
Sudden fecal impaction: One liang of Yangti root, one large cup of water, decoct to six parts, take warm (*Shenghui Fang*).
Intestinal wind with bloody stool: Baiducai root (washed and sliced), half a cup of old ginger with skin, stir-fry until red, quench with unadulterated wine, cover with a bowl for a moment, strain, and drink as desired (*Yonglei Fang*).
Laryngeal obstruction with aphonia: Use a single-rooted Yangti, avoid exposure to wind, sun, women, chickens, and dogs. Grind with three-year-old aged vinegar into a paste. Wipe the external throat with raw cloth until red, then apply (*Qianjin Fang*). Purple patches the size of coins on the face, or covering the whole face. Four liang of Wild Rhubarb (extract juice), ten slices of Pangolin scales (burned to retain properties), five qian of Sichuan pepper powder, four liang of fresh ginger (extract juice), grind together. Wrap in raw silk and rub. If dry, moisten with vinegar. Repeat several times as initially; highly effective (*Lu Shi Jide Tang Yangfeng Bo*).
Hanshan vitiligo: Two liang of Yangti root, one liang of single-stemmed broom-head, five qian of calcined alum, one qian of calomel, half a liang of fresh ginger, pound into a paste. Bathe with hot water, scratch the affected area until rough skin rises. Wrap medicine in cloth and rub vigorously. Lie warm to induce sweating, then cured. This is the formula of the Liu family from Yanshan, superior to those using sulfur (*Lin Shi Jingyan Fang*).
Head wind with dandruff: Dry and powder Yangti root, mix with sheep bile and apply, permanently removing it (*Shenghui Fang*).
White alopecia on head: Single-rooted Yangti, avoid women, chickens, dogs, wind, and sun. Grind with aged vinegar into a paste, wipe until red with raw cloth, then apply, once daily (*Zhouhou Fang*).
Chronic tinea not healing: *Jianyao Jizhong Fang*: Pound and extract juice from Yangti root, add a little calomel, mix into a paste, and apply. Cured in three to five applications. *Yonglei Fang*: For tinea lasting years. Baiducai root (single-grown, i.e., Yangti root), three qian pounded, add two qian of Chuan Baiyaojian, rub evenly with white plum flesh, filter one cup of morning well water, take on an empty stomach at dawn. Avoid hot foods. Apply the residue by scratching the skin. Cured in three applications. *Qianjin Fang*: For fine tinea. Boil five sheng of Yangti root in ash juice from mulberry wood for four to five boils, use the juice to wash. Still apply Yangti juice mixed with alum powder. Scabies, spreading wet tinea, unbearable itching, recurrence with yellow discharge: Pound Yangti root, mix with strong vinegar, wash and apply.
Scabies with parasites: Pound Yangti root, mix with lard, add a little salt, apply daily (*Waitai Miyao*).
Leaves
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, slippery, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Pediatric malnutrition with parasites; antidote for Huyi fish, Yu fish, and Tanhu fish poisoning; edible as a vegetable. Excessive consumption causes loose bowels (Meng Shen. Li Shizhen said: Huyi and Yu are names for pufferfish; Tanhu is unknown). As a vegetable, it stops itching. Do not eat too much, as it descends Qi (Zhen Quan). Steam one bowl with roots and eat to treat intestinal hemorrhoids with bleeding blood, very effective (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription.
Fruits/Seeds
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, astringent, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Dysentery with mixed red and white discharge (Su Gong). Women's blood and qi disorders (Li Shizhen).