（《别录》中品）
【校正】自菜部移入此，并入有名未用 草为一。
【释名】覆菹（《别录》）、 草
弘景曰∶本草白 荷，而今人呼赤者为 荷，白者为覆菹。盖食以赤者为胜；入药以白
者为良，叶同一种尔。
时珍曰∶覆菹，许氏《说文》作 苴，司马相如《上林赋》作 且，与芭蕉音相近。
骚·大招》云∶醢豚若狗脍苴 。王逸注云∶苴 （音博）， 荷也。见本草。而今之本
草无之，则脱漏亦多矣。
【集解】《别录》曰∶ 草生淮南山谷。
颂曰∶ 荷，荆襄江湖间多种之，北地亦有。春初生，叶似甘蕉，根似姜芽而肥，其叶
冬枯，根堪为菹。其性好阴，在木下生者尤美。潘岳《闲居赋》云∶ 荷依阴，时藿向阳，
是也。宗懔《荆楚岁时记》云∶仲冬以盐藏 荷，用备冬储，又以防虫。史游《急就篇》云∶
荷冬日藏，其来远矣。然有赤白二种∶白者入药，赤者堪啖，及作梅果多用之。
宗 曰∶ 荷，八、九月间腌贮，以备冬月作蔬果。治病止用白者。
时珍曰∶苏颂《图经》言∶荆襄江湖多种，今访之无复识者。惟杨慎《丹铅录》云∶
就章》注∶ 荷即今甘露。考之本草形性相同。甘露即芭蕉也。崔豹《古今注》云∶ 荷，
似芭蕉而白色，其子花生根中，花未败时可食，久则消烂矣。根似姜。宜阴翳地，依荫而生。
又按王 《山居录》云∶ 荷宜树阴下，二月种之。一种永生，不须锄耘，但加粪耳。八月
初踏其苗令死，则根滋茂。九月初取其傍生根为菹，亦可酱藏。十月中以糠覆其根下，则过
冬不冻死也。
【修治】 曰∶凡使勿用革牛草，真相似，其革牛草腥涩。凡使白 荷，以铜刀刮去粗
皮一重，细切，入砂盆中研如膏，取自然汁炼作煎，新器摊冷，如干胶状，刮取用之。
根
【气味】辛，温，有小毒。思邈曰∶辛，微温，涩，无毒。
【主治】中蛊及疟，捣汁服（《别录》）。溪毒，沙虱，蛇毒
诸恶疮。根心∶主稻麦芒入目中不出，以汁注目即出（苏恭）。
赤眼涩痛，捣汁点之（时珍）。
草
【气味】苦、甘，寒，无毒。大明曰∶平。
【主治】温疟寒热，酸嘶邪气，辟不祥（《别录》）。
【发明】弘景曰∶中蛊者服 荷汁，并卧其叶，即呼蛊主姓名。多食损药力，又不利脚。
人家种之，亦云辟蛇。
颂曰∶按干宝《搜神记》云∶外姊夫蒋士先，得疾下血，言中蛊。其家密以 荷置于席
下。忽大笑曰∶蛊我者，张小小也。乃收小小，小小亡走。自此解蛊药多用之，往往验也。
《周礼》庶氏以嘉草除蛊毒，宗懔谓嘉草即 荷是也。陈藏器云∶ 荷、茜根为主蛊之最，
谓此。
时珍曰∶《别录》菜部 荷，谓根也；草部 草，谓叶也。其主治亦颇相近，今并为一
云。
【附方】旧八，新一。
密置病患席下，勿令知之，必自呼蛊主姓名也。（《梅师方》）
取白 荷根捣汁服，蛊立出也。（《梅师方》）
喉舌疮烂∶酒渍 荷根半日，含漱其汁，瘥乃止。（《外台秘要》方）
吐血痔血∶向东 荷根一把，捣汁三升服之。（《肘后方》）
妇人腰痛∶方同上。
月信涩滞∶ 荷根细切，水煎取二升，空心入酒和服。（《经验方》）
风冷失声，咽喉不利∶ 荷根二两，捣绞汁，入酒一大盏，和匀，细细服，取瘥。（《肘
后方》）
伤寒时气，温病初得，头痛壮热，脉盛者∶用生 荷根、叶合捣，绞汁服三、四升。
（《肘
（收录于《名医别录》中品）
【校正】从蔬菜部移入此处，并将“有名未用”的草类合并为一项。
【释名】覆菹（出自《名医别录》）、白荷
陶弘景说：本草书中记载的是白荷，而如今人们称红色的为赤荷，白色的为覆菹。大概食用以红色者为优；入药则以白色者为佳，叶子是同一种植物。
李时珍说：覆菹，许慎的《说文解字》写作“苴”，司马相如的《上林赋》写作“且”，读音与芭蕉相近。《楚辞·大招》中说：“醢豚若狗脍苴。”王逸注释说：“苴（音博），即荷也。”见于本草书籍。然而现在的本草书中没有记载，说明脱漏之处很多了。
【集解】《名医别录》说：白荷草生长在淮南山谷之中。
苏颂说：赤荷，在荆襄及江湖地区多种植，北方也有生长。春天初生时，叶子像甘蕉，根像姜芽一样肥大，叶子冬天枯萎，根部可以腌制成菹菜。它性喜阴凉，生长在树木下的尤其美好。潘岳在《闲居赋》中说：“荷依阴，时藿向阳”，说的就是这种情况。宗懔在《荆楚岁时记》中说：仲冬时节用盐储藏白荷，用来准备冬季储备，又可以防止虫害。史游在《急就篇》中说：白荷冬天储藏，由来已久。然而有红色和白色两种：白色的入药，红色的可以吃，以及制作梅子果脯时多用它。
寇宗奭说：白荷，在八、九月间腌制储存，以备冬季作为蔬果。治病只使用白色的。
李时珍说：苏颂在《图经本草》中说：荆襄江湖地区多种植，如今探访已无人认识。只有杨慎在《丹铅录》中说：《就章》注解说：白荷就是现在的甘露。考证其形态性质相同。甘露就是芭蕉。崔豹在《古今注》中说：白荷，形状像芭蕉但颜色是白色的，它的种子生在花中并扎根于地下，花未凋谢时可以食用，久了就会腐烂。根像姜。适宜在荫蔽之地，依靠树荫生长。
又查王绩的《山居录》说：白荷适宜种在树荫下，二月种植。一种植便永生，不需要锄草松土，只需施加粪肥即可。八月初踩踏其苗使其枯死，则根部更加茂盛。九月初取旁边新生的根作为菹菜，也可以酱制储藏。十月中用糠覆盖其根部下面，则过冬不会冻死。
【修治】雷敩说：凡使用不要选用革牛草，真假相似，革牛草气味腥涩。凡使用白荷，用铜刀刮去一层粗皮，细细切碎，放入砂盆中研磨成膏状，取得自然汁液炼制成煎膏，在新容器中摊开冷却，像干胶一样，刮下来备用。
【气味】辛，温，有小毒。孙思邈说：辛，微温，涩，无毒。
【主治】中蛊毒及疟疾，捣汁服用（《名医别录》）。溪毒，沙虱，蛇毒，各种恶疮。根心：主治稻麦芒刺入眼中无法取出，将汁液滴入眼中即刻排出（苏恭）。
赤眼涩痛，捣汁点眼（李时珍）。
白荷草
【气味】苦、甘，寒，无毒。马志说：平。
【主治】温疟寒热，酸嘶邪气，辟除不祥之气（《名医别录》）。
【发明】陶弘景说：中蛊毒的人服用白荷汁，并躺着把叶子铺在身下，就会喊出蛊主的姓名。多吃会损伤药力，又不利于脚部。人家种植它，也说可以辟蛇。
苏颂说：按干宝《搜神记》记载：外甥女婿蒋士先，得病便血，说是中了蛊毒。家里秘密地把白荷放在席子下面。他突然大笑说：“害我的人，是张小小啊。”于是抓捕小小，小小逃跑。从此解除蛊毒的药多使用它，往往有效。《周礼》庶氏用嘉草去除蛊毒，宗懔认为嘉草就是白荷。陈藏器说：白荷、茜根是治疗蛊毒最好的药材，指的就是这个。
李时珍说：《名医别录》蔬菜部的白荷，指的是根；草部的白荷草，指的是叶。它们的主治功效也很相近，现在合并为一项论述。
【附方】旧方八首，新方一首。
秘密放置在病患席子下面，不要让病人知道，必定会自己喊出蛊主的姓名。（《梅师方》）
取白荷根捣汁服用，蛊毒立刻排出。（《梅师方》）
喉舌疮烂：用酒浸泡白荷根半天，含漱汁液，痊愈为止。（《外台秘要》方）
吐血痔血：向东生长的白荷根一把，捣汁三升服用。（《肘后方》）
妇人腰痛：方法同上。
月经涩滞：白荷根细细切碎，水煎取二升，空腹加酒调和服用。（《经验方》）
风冷失声，咽喉不利：白荷根二两，捣绞取汁，加入一大盏酒，混合均匀，细细服用，直至痊愈。（《肘后方》）
伤寒时气，温病初起，头痛壮热，脉象盛大者：用生白荷根、叶一起捣碎，绞汁服用三、四升。
（《肘后
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Bencao Jing Jizhu* / *Supplement to the Materia Medica*)
[Correction] Transferred from the Vegetable Section to this section, and merged with the "Named but Unused" herb category into one entry.
[Etimology] Fuzu (from *Bencao Jing Jizhu*), Baihe (White Lotus Root)
Tao Hongjing stated: The materia medica records Baihe (White Lotus Root), whereas people today refer to the red variety as Chihe (Red Lotus Root) and the white variety as Fuzu. Generally, the red variety is superior for food; however, the white variety is better for medicinal use, although the leaves are from the same plant.
Li Shizhen stated: Fuzu is written as "Ju" in Xu Shen's *Shuowen Jiezi*, and as "Qie" in Sima Xiangru's *Shanglin Fu*, with a pronunciation similar to Bajiao (Musa basjoo / Japanese Banana). The *Chu Ci · Da Zhao* states: "Hunting pig if dog minced Ju." Wang Yi commented: "Ju (pronounced Bo), refers to He (Lotus)." This is found in the materia medica. However, current materia medica texts lack this record, indicating many omissions.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bencao Jing Jizhu* states: Baihe grass grows in the mountains and valleys of Huai South.
Su Song stated: Chihe (Red Lotus Root) is widely cultivated in the Jingxiang region and along rivers and lakes, and also exists in the north. It sprouts in early spring; the leaves resemble Ganjiao (sweet banana), and the roots resemble ginger buds but are plump. The leaves wither in winter, and the roots can be pickled as Zu (pickled vegetables). It prefers shade; those growing under trees are particularly fine. Pan Yue wrote in his *Xianju Fu*: "He relies on the shade, while Shi Huo faces the sun," referring to this. Zong Lin wrote in *Jingchu Suishiji*: In mid-winter, Baihe is preserved with salt for winter stores and to prevent insect damage. Shi You wrote in *Ji Jiu Pian*: Baihe is stored in winter, a practice with ancient origins. There are two varieties, red and white: the white one is used for medicine, and the red one is edible and often used in making plum fruits.
Kou Zongshi stated: Baihe is pickled and stored in August and September for winter consumption as vegetables and fruits. Only the white variety is used for treating diseases.
Li Shizhen stated: Su Song's *Tu Jing* mentions it is widely grown in Jingxiang and river/lake regions, but currently, no one recognizes it. Only Yang Shen in *Danqian Lu* states: The commentary in *Zhang Jiegu* notes that Baihe is the current Ganlu. Examining its shape and properties, they are identical. Ganlu is Musa basjoo (Japanese Banana). Cui Bao in *Gujin Zhu* stated: Baihe resembles Musa basjoo but is white; its seeds grow in the flower and take root underground. The flowers are edible before they wither, but rot if left too long. The root resembles ginger. It thrives in shaded areas, growing near tree cover.
Furthermore, Wang Ji's *Shanju Lu* states: Baihe is suitable for planting under tree shade in February. Once planted, it lives perpetually without need for weeding or tilling, only requiring manure. In early August, trample the shoots to kill them, causing the roots to flourish. In early September, harvest the newly grown side roots for pickling or sauce preservation. In mid-October, cover the roots with chaff to prevent freezing during winter.
[Processing] Lei Xiao stated: Do not use Genniu Cao (Reynoutria japonica / Japanese Knotweed) when processing; it looks similar but has a fishy and astringent taste. When using Baihe (White Lotus Root), scrape off the outer coarse skin with a copper knife, cut finely, grind in a clay mortar until paste-like, extract the natural juice, refine it into a syrup, spread it in a new vessel to cool until it resembles dry glue, then scrape and use.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Pungent, warm, slightly toxic. Sun Simiao stated: Pungent, slightly warm, astringent, non-toxic.
[Indications] Treats Gu poisoning (poisoning by magical sorcery/venom) and malaria; crush and take the juice (*Bencao Jing Jizhu*). Treats Xi Du (stream toxicity), Shali (sand leeches), snake venom, and various malignant sores. Root Heart: Treats rice or wheat awns entering the eye and remaining stuck; apply the juice to the eye to expel them immediately (Su Gong).
Treats red eyes with astringency and pain; crush and apply the juice to the eyes (Li Shizhen).
Baihe Grass
[Flavor and Toxicity] Bitter, sweet, cold, non-toxic. Ma Zhi stated: Neutral.
[Indications] Treats Wen Nue (warm malaria) with alternating chills and fever, Sour Si pathogenic factor, and wards off inauspicious influences (*Bencao Jing Jizhu*).
[Elucidation] Tao Hongjing stated: Those suffering from Gu poisoning should drink Baihe juice and lie with its leaves placed beneath them; they will then call out the name of the Gu master. Excessive consumption damages the efficacy of other medicines and is detrimental to the feet. Planting it at home is also said to repel snakes.
Su Song stated: According to Gan Bao's *Soushen Ji*: Jiang Shixian, the husband of my elder female cousin, suffered from bloody stools and claimed to have been poisoned by Gu. His family secretly placed Baihe under his mat. He suddenly laughed loudly and said, "The one who poisoned me is Zhang Xiaoxiao!" They arrested Xiaoxiao, who fled. Since then, herbs for resolving Gu poison often include this, and it is frequently effective. The *Rites of Zhou* mentions that the official Shushi uses Jia Cao (auspicious herb) to remove Gu poison; Zong Lin believed Jia Cao refers to Baihe. Chen Cangqi stated: Baihe and Qian Gen (Rubia cordifolia root) are the best herbs for treating Gu poison, referring to this.
Li Shizhen stated: In the Vegetable Section of *Bencao Jing Jizhu*, Baihe refers to the root; in the Herb Section, Baihe Cao refers to the leaf. Their therapeutic indications are quite similar, so I combine them into one discussion here.
[Attached Prescriptions] Eight old prescriptions, one new prescription.
Secretly place [the herb] under the patient's mat without their knowledge; they will inevitably call out the name of the Gu master. (*Meishi Fang*)
Take the root of Baihe (White Lotus Root), crush it to obtain juice, and ingest it; the Gu poison will be expelled immediately. (*Meishi Fang*)
Sores and ulcers in the throat and tongue: Soak Baihe root in wine for half a day, gargle with the juice, and stop when healed. (*Waitai Miyao* formula)
Hematemesis and hemorrhoids: Take one handful of Baihe root facing east, crush to obtain three sheng of juice, and ingest. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Lower back pain in women: Same method as above.
Dysmenorrhea or scanty menstruation: Finely chop Baihe root, decoct in water to obtain two sheng, and ingest mixed with wine on an empty stomach. (*Jingyan Fang*)
Hoarseness due to wind-cold, pharyngeal discomfort: Two liang of Baihe root, crushed to extract juice, mixed with one large cup of wine, evenly blended, and ingested slowly until cured. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Shanghan (Cold Damage) epidemic qi, early stage of Wenbing (Warm Disease), headache, high fever, and surging pulse: Use fresh Baihe root and leaves, crush together, extract juice, and ingest three to four sheng.
(*Zhouhou