（《纲目》）
【集解】诜曰∶葡萄可酿酒，藤汁亦佳。
时珍曰∶葡萄酒有二样∶酿成者味佳，有如烧酒法者有大毒。酿者，取汁同曲，如常酿
糯米饭法。无汁，用干葡萄末亦可。魏文帝所谓葡萄酿酒，甘于曲米，醉而易醒者也。烧者，
取葡萄数十斤，同大曲酿酢，取入甑蒸之，以器承其滴露，红色可爱。古者西域造之，唐时
破高昌，始得其法。按∶梁《四公子记》云∶高昌献葡萄干冻酒。杰公曰∶葡萄皮薄者味美，
皮浓者味苦。八风谷冻成之酒，终年不坏。叶子奇《草木子》云∶元朝于冀宁等路造葡萄酒，
八月
其余皆冰，独此不冰，乃酒之精液也，饮之令人透腋而死。酒至二、三年，亦有大毒。《饮
膳正要》云∶酒有数等，出哈喇火者最烈，西番者次之，平阳、太原者又次之。或云∶葡萄
久贮，亦自成酒，芳甘酷烈，此真葡萄酒也。
酿酒
【气味】甘、辛，热，微毒。
时珍曰∶有热疾、齿疾、疮疹人，不可饮之。
【主治】暖腰肾，驻颜色，耐寒（时珍）。
烧酒
【气味】辛、甘，大热，有大毒。
时珍曰∶大热大毒，甚于烧酒。北人习而不觉，南人切不可轻生饮之。
【主治】益气调中，耐饥强志（《正要》）。消痰破
（《纲目》）
【释名】粕（《纲目》）。
【集解】时珍曰∶糯、秫、黍、麦，皆可蒸酿酒、醋，熬煎饧、饴，化成糟粕。酒糟须
用腊月及清明、重阳造者，沥干，入少盐收之。藏物不败，揉物能软。若榨干者，无味矣。
醋糟用三伏造者良。
酒糟
【气味】甘、辛，无毒。
【主治】温中消食，除冷气，杀腥，去草、菜毒，润皮肤，调脏腑（藏器）。 扑损瘀
血，浸水洗冻疮，捣敷蛇咬、蜂叮毒（《日华》）
【发明】时珍曰∶酒糟有曲 之性，能活血行经止痛，故治伤损有功。按∶许叔微《本
事方》云∶治 折，伤筋骨，痛不可忍者。用生
热，布裹罨伤处，冷即易之。曾有人伤折，医令捕一生龟，将杀用之。夜梦龟传此方，用之
而愈也。又《类编》所载，只用藏瓜姜糟一物，入赤小豆末和匀，罨于断伤处，以杉片或白
桐片夹之，云不过三日即痊可也。
【附方】新四。
手足皲裂∶红糟、腊猪脂、姜汁、盐等分，研烂，炒热擦之，裂内甚痛，少顷即合，再
擦数次即安。（《袖珍方》）。
鹤膝风病∶酒醅糟四两，肥皂一个（去子），芒硝一两，五味子一两，砂糖一两，姜汁
半瓯。研匀，日日涂之。加入烧酒尤妙也。
暴发红肿，痛不可忍者∶腊糟糟之。（谈野翁《试验方》）。
杖疮青肿∶用湿绵纸铺伤处，以烧过酒糟捣烂，浓铺纸上。良久，
升即散。（《简便方》）。
大麦醋糟
【气味】酸，微寒，无毒。
【主治】气滞风壅，手臂脚膝痛，炒热布裹慰之，三两换当愈（孟诜）。
干饧糟
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】反胃吐食，暖脾胃，化饮食，益气缓中（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶饧以 成，暖而消导，故其糟能化滞缓中，养脾止吐也。按∶继洪《澹
寮方》云∶甘露汤∶治反胃呕吐不止，服此利胸膈，养脾胃，进饮食。用干饧糟六两，生姜
四两，二味同捣作饼，或焙或晒，入炙甘草末二两，盐少许，点汤服之。常熟一富人病反胃，
往京口甘露寺设水陆，泊舟岸下。梦一僧持汤一杯与之，饮罢，便觉胸快。次早入寺，供汤
者乃梦中所见僧，常以此汤待宾，故易名曰甘露汤。予在临汀疗一小吏旋愈，切勿忽之。
【附方】新一。
脾胃虚弱∶平胃散（等分）末一斤，入干糖糟（炒）二斤半，生姜一斤半，红枣三百个
（煮取肉焙干），通为末。逐日点汤服。（《摘玄》）。
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】孟诜说：葡萄可以酿酒，葡萄藤的汁液也很好。
李时珍说：葡萄酒有两种：酿造而成的味道好；像烧酒那样蒸馏制作的则有大毒。酿造的方法，是取葡萄汁与酒曲混合，如同平常酿造糯米饭的方法。如果没有新鲜葡萄汁，用干葡萄粉也可以。魏文帝所说的“葡萄酿酒，比曲米酿的酒更甘甜，醉后容易醒”，指的就是这种。蒸馏法，是取几十斤葡萄，与大曲一起发酵成醋状，放入甑中蒸制，用容器承接滴落的露水，颜色红艳可爱。古代西域人制作这种方法，唐代攻破高昌国后，才得到此法。据考证：梁朝《四公子记》记载：高昌进贡葡萄干冻酒。杰公说：葡萄皮薄的味道美，皮厚的味道苦。八风谷冻成的酒，全年不会变质。叶子奇在《草木子》中说：元朝在冀宁等地酿造葡萄酒，八月时其他东西都结冰，唯独这种酒不结冰，这是酒的精华液体，喝了让人腋下出汗而死。酒存放两三年，也有大毒。《饮膳正要》说：酒分几种等级，出哈喇火地方的最烈，西番的次之，平阳、太原的又次之。有人说：葡萄久存，也能自然变成酒，芳香甘甜且猛烈，这才是真正的葡萄酒。
酿酒
【气味】甘、辛，热，微毒。
李时珍说：有热病、牙齿疾病、疮疹的人，不可饮用。
【主治】温暖腰肾，保持面色红润，耐寒（李时珍）。
烧酒
【气味】辛、甘，大热，有大毒。
李时珍说：大热大毒，比一般的烧酒更厉害。北方人习惯喝而不觉得有害，南方人切不可轻视生命随意饮用。
【主治】益气调中，耐饥强志（《饮膳正要》）。消痰破...
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】粕（《本草纲目》）。
【集解】李时珍说：糯、秫、黍、麦，都可以蒸煮酿酒、醋，熬煎饴糖，化成糟粕。酒糟必须选用腊月以及清明、重阳节期间酿造的，沥干水分，加入少量盐收存。用它藏物不会腐败，揉搓物体能使物体变软。如果是榨干的酒糟，就没有味道了。醋糟选用三伏天酿造的质量好。
酒糟
【气味】甘、辛，无毒。
【主治】温中消食，除冷气，杀腥味，去除草、菜毒，润皮肤，调脏腑（陈藏器）。治疗跌打损伤瘀血，浸泡水洗冻疮，捣碎敷治蛇咬、蜂叮毒（《日华子本草》）。
【发明】李时珍说：酒糟具有酒曲的性质，能活血行经止痛，所以治疗伤损很有功效。据考证：许叔微《本事方》记载：治疗骨折，伤及筋骨，疼痛难忍。用生酒糟加热，用布包裹敷在伤处，冷了即更换。曾有人受伤骨折，医生让他捕一只活龟，准备杀掉使用。夜里梦见龟传授此方，使用后痊愈了。又《类编》记载，只用藏瓜姜糟一味药，加入赤小豆末拌匀，敷在断伤处，用杉木片或白桐木片夹住，说不超过三天就能痊愈。
【附方】新方四个。
手足皲裂：红糟、腊月猪脂、姜汁、盐等分，研烂，炒热擦拭患处，裂口内很痛，一会儿就愈合，再擦几次就安稳了。（《袖珍方》）。
鹤膝风病：酒醅糟四两，肥皂一个（去子），芒硝一两，五味子一两，砂糖一两，姜汁半瓯。研匀，每天涂抹。加入烧酒尤其妙。
暴发红肿，痛不可忍者：用腊糟糟敷之。（谈野翁《试验方》）。
杖疮青肿：用湿绵纸铺在伤处，将烧过的酒糟捣烂，厚厚地铺在纸上。良久，...升即散。（《简便方》）。
大麦醋糟
【气味】酸，微寒，无毒。
【主治】气滞风壅，手臂脚膝痛，炒热布裹熨烫，三两换一次就会痊愈（孟诜）。
干饧糟
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】反胃吐食，暖脾胃，化饮食，益气缓中（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：饴糖由谷物发酵而成，性暖而能消导，所以它的糟能化滞缓中，养脾止吐。据考证：继洪《澹寮方》记载：甘露汤：治疗反胃呕吐不止，服用此药利胸膈，养脾胃，进饮食。用干饧糟六两，生姜四两，两味同捣作饼，或焙或晒，加入炙甘草末二两，少许盐，点汤服用。常熟有一个富人患反胃病，去京口甘露寺设水陆法会，船停在岸边。梦见一位僧人拿一杯汤给他，喝完，就觉得胸口畅快。第二天早上进入寺庙，供汤的人就是梦中见到的僧人，常用此汤招待宾客，所以改名为甘露汤。我在临汀治疗一个小吏，随即痊愈，切勿忽视此方。
【附方】新方一个。
脾胃虚弱：平胃散（等分）末一斤，加入干糖糟（炒）二斤半，生姜一斤半，红枣三百个（煮取肉焙干），通为末。每日点汤服用。（《摘玄》）。
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Meng Shen said: Grapes can be used to brew wine, and the juice from grape vines is also excellent.
Li Shizhen said: There are two types of grape wine: those that are naturally fermented have a good taste; those made by distillation methods similar to shaojiu (distilled liquor) possess great toxicity. The fermentation method involves mixing grape juice with yeast starter, just like the usual method for brewing glutinous rice wine. If fresh grape juice is unavailable, dried grape powder can also be used. What Emperor Wen of Wei referred to as "grape wine brewed, sweeter than qu-mi (yeast-rice) wine, intoxicating yet easy to sober up from" refers to this type. The distillation method involves taking dozens of jin of grapes, fermenting them with large qu (yeast starter) until vinegar-like, placing them in a zeng (steamer), steaming them, and collecting the condensed dew drops with vessels; the liquid is attractively red. This method was originally created in the Western Regions by ancient people, and its technique was acquired during the Tang Dynasty after conquering Gaochang. According to research: Liang Dynasty's *Records of Four Gentlemen* states: Gaochang presented dried grape frozen wine. Jie Gong said: Grapes with thin skins taste sweet, while those with thick skins taste bitter. Wine frozen in Bafeng Valley does not spoil throughout the year. Ye Ziqi in *Caomu Zi* stated: During the Yuan Dynasty, grape wine was produced in Jining and other regions. In August, while other substances froze, this wine remained unfrozen; it is the essence of the wine. Drinking it causes death through profuse sweating from the armpits. After storing for two or three years, it also becomes highly toxic. *Yinshan Zhengyao* (Correct Essentials for Food and Drink) states: Wines vary in grade; those from Hala Huo are the strongest, followed by those from Xifan, and then those from Pingyang and Taiyuan. Some say: Grapes stored for a long time can naturally turn into wine, becoming fragrant, sweet, and potent; this is true grape wine.
Brewed Wine
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, pungent, hot, slightly toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Individuals suffering from heat disorders, dental diseases, or sores/rashes should not drink it.
[Indications] Warms the waist and kidneys, preserves complexion, enhances cold resistance (Li Shizhen).
Distilled Liquor (Shaojiu)
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, sweet, very hot, highly toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Its extreme heat and high toxicity exceed that of ordinary distilled liquor. People in the North are accustomed to it and do not perceive the harm, but people in the South must absolutely not risk their lives by drinking it lightly.
[Indications] Benefits qi, regulates the middle jiao, increases resistance to hunger, and strengthens willpower (*Yinshan Zhengyao*). Resolves phlegm and breaks...
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Lees/Pomace (Zhuo) (Compendium of Materia Medica).
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Glutinous rice, broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, and wheat can all be steamed and brewed into wine or vinegar, boiled down into maltose syrup, and transformed into lees/pomace. Grape lees must be selected from those brewed in the twelfth lunar month, during Qingming Festival, or on Double Ninth Festival. They should be drained dry, mixed with a little salt, and stored. Using them to store items prevents spoilage; rubbing objects with them softens them. If pressed dry, they lose their efficacy. Vinegar pomace brewed during the Sanfu (dog days) period is of good quality.
Grape Lees/Pomace
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, pungent, non-toxic.
[Indications] Warms the middle jiao, aids digestion, dispels cold qi, eliminates fishy odors, removes toxins from herbs and vegetables, moistens the skin, and harmonizes the zang-fu organs (Chen Cangqi). Treats traumatic injury with blood stasis; soak and wash frostbite; mash and apply to treat snake bites and bee stings (*Rihuazibencao*).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Grape lees possess the nature of yeast starters; they can invigorate blood, promote menstruation, and relieve pain, thus being effective in treating injuries. According to research: Xu Shimwei's *Ben Shi Fang* records: Treating fractures where bones and tendons are injured, causing unbearable pain. Use raw grape lees, heat them, wrap in cloth, and apply to the injured area; change when cool. Once, someone suffered a fracture; the doctor instructed him to catch a live turtle to use. That night, he dreamed the turtle transmitted this prescription, which cured him upon use. Also, *Lei Bian* records using only preserved melon ginger lees alone, mixed with powdered adzuki beans, applied to the broken injury site, clamped with fir wood or white tung wood pieces, claiming recovery within three days.
[Attached Prescriptions] Four new prescriptions.
Fissures of hands and feet: Red lees, lard from the twelfth lunar month, ginger juice, and salt in equal parts. Mash well, heat in a pan, and rub onto the fissures. It hurts inside the cracks initially, but heals shortly after; rub several more times for relief. (*Xiuzhen Fang*).
Crane Knee Wind (Knee Osteoarthritis/Tuberculosis): Four liang of wine lees, one soap fruit (remove seeds), one liang of mirabilite, one liang of schisandra berry, one liang of rock sugar, half a ou of ginger juice. Mash evenly, apply daily. Adding distilled liquor is especially excellent.
Sudden onset of redness and swelling, unbearable pain: Apply aged lees pomace. (Tan Yeweng, *Shiyan Fang*).
Bruising and swelling from beating: Lay wet cotton paper over the injury. Mash burned grape lees thickly and spread on the paper. After a while... disperse. (*Jianbian Fang*).
Barley Vinegar Pomace
[Properties and Flavor] Sour, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Qi stagnation and wind obstruction causing pain in arms, legs, and knees. Heat in a pan, wrap in cloth, and apply. Change every three liang until healed (Meng Shen).
Dried Maltose Lees
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Regurgitation and vomiting, warms spleen and stomach, transforms food, benefits qi, and soothes the middle jiao (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Maltose is formed through fermentation; it is warm and promotes digestion. Therefore, its lees can resolve stagnation, soothe the middle jiao, nourish the spleen, and stop vomiting. According to research: Jihong's *Danliao Fang* records: Ganlu Tang (Sweet Dew Decoction): Treats persistent regurgitation and vomiting. This formula benefits the chest and diaphragm, nourishes spleen and stomach, and promotes appetite. Use six liang of dried maltose lees and four liang of fresh ginger. Mash together into cakes, bake or sun-dry. Add two liang of roasted licorice root powder and a little salt. Take with tea water. A wealthy man in Changshu suffered from regurgitation. He went to Ganlu Temple in Jingkou to hold a water-and-land ritual, mooring his boat below the temple. He dreamed a monk offered him a cup of soup. After drinking, he felt chest comfort. The next morning, entering the temple, the person serving soup was the monk from his dream, who often used this soup to entertain guests, hence renaming it Ganlu Tang. I treated a minor official in Linting who recovered quickly with this. Do not neglect it.
[Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Spleen and Stomach Deficiency: One jin of Pingwei San (Equal Parts Powder) mixed with two and a half jin of dried sugar lees (stir-fried), one and a half jin of fresh ginger, and three hundred red dates (boiled, flesh removed, baked dry). Grind all into powder. Take daily with tea water. (*Zhaixuan*).