（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶生平地，叶似苦杖而小，节赤，高一、二尺，种之辟蛇。又一种草，
茎圆似苎，亦敷蛇毒。
慎微曰∶按《百一方》云∶东关有草状如苎，茎方节赤， 敷蛇毒，如摘却然，名蛇网
草。又有鼠网草，即后莽草。
【气味】缺。
【主治】蛇虺毒虫等螫。取根叶捣敷咬处，当下黄水（藏器）。
（《别录》中品）
【释名】苦杖（《拾遗》）、大虫杖（《药性》）、斑杖（《日华》）、酸杖。时珍曰∶杖言
其茎，虎言其斑也。或云一名杜牛膝者，非也。一种斑杖似 头者，与此同名异物。
【集解】弘景曰∶田野甚多，状如大马蓼，茎斑而叶圆。保升曰∶所在有之。生下湿地，
作树高丈余，其茎赤根黄。二月、八月采根，日干。
颂曰∶今出汾州、越州、滁州，处处有之。三月生苗，茎如竹笋状，上有赤斑点，初生
便分
枝丫。叶似小杏叶。七月开花，九月结实。南中出者，无花。根皮黑色，破开即黄，似柳根。
亦有高丈余者。《尔雅》云∶ ，虎杖。郭璞注云∶似荭草而粗大，有细刺，可以染赤。是
也。
宗 曰∶此草药也。《蜀本》言作木高丈余者，非矣。大率皆似寒菊，然花、叶、茎、
蕊差大为异。仍茎叶有淡黑斑。六、七月旋旋开花，至九月中方已，花片四出，其色如桃花，
差大而外微深。陕西山麓水次甚多。
曰∶凡使勿误用天蓝及斑袖根，二味根形味皆相似也。
机曰∶诸注或云似荭、似杏、似寒菊，各不相侔，岂所产有不同耶？
时珍曰∶其茎似荭蓼，其叶圆似杏，其枝黄似柳，其花状似菊，色似桃花。合而观之，
未尝不同也。
根
【修治】 曰∶采得细锉，却用叶包一夜，晒干用。
【气味】微温。权曰∶甘，平，无毒。
宗 曰∶味微苦。今天下暑月多煎根汁为饮。不得甘草，则不堪饮。本文不言味。《药
性论》云∶甘。是甘草之味，非虎杖味也。
【主治】通利月水，破留血症结（《别录》）。渍酒服，主暴瘕（弘景）。风在骨节间，及
血瘀，煮汁作酒服之（藏器）。
治大热烦躁，止渴利小便，压一切热毒（甄权）。治产后血晕，恶血不下，心腹胀满，
排脓，
主疮疖痈毒，扑损瘀血，破风毒结气（大明）。烧灰，贴诸恶疮。焙研炼蜜为丸，陈米饮服，
治肠痔下血（苏颂）。研末酒服，治产后瘀血血痛，及坠扑昏闷有效（时珍）。
【发明】权曰∶暑月以根和甘草同煎为饮，色如琥珀可爱，甚甘美。
瓶置井中，令冷澈如冰，时人呼为冷冻饮料子，啜之且尊于茗，极解暑毒。其汁染米作糜糕
益美。捣末浸酒常服，破女子经脉不通。有孕人勿服。
时珍曰∶孙真人《千金方》∶治女人月经不通，腹内积聚，虚胀雷鸣，四肢沉重，亦治
丈夫积聚，有虎杖煎∶取高地虎杖根，锉二斛，水二石五斗，煮取一斗半，去滓，入醇酒五
升，煎如饧。每服一合，以知为度。又许学士《本事方》∶治男妇诸般淋疾。用苦杖根洗净，
锉一合，以水五盏，煎一盏，去滓，入乳香、麝香少许服之。鄞县尉耿梦得，内人患沙石淋，
已十三年。每漩痛楚不可忍，溺器中小便下沙石剥剥有声。百方不效，偶得此方服之，一夕
而愈。乃予目击者。
【附方】旧三，新四。
小便五淋∶苦杖为末。每服二钱，用饭饮下。（《集验方》）
月水不利∶虎杖三两，凌霄花、没药一两。为末。热酒每服一钱。又方∶治月经不通，
腹大
如瓮，气短欲死∶虎杖一斤（去头曝干，切），土瓜根汁、牛膝汁二斗。水一斛，浸虎杖一
宿，煎取二斗，入二汁，同煎如饧。每酒服一合，日再夜一，宿血当下。（《圣惠方》）
时疫流毒攻手足，肿痛欲断∶用虎杖根锉，煮汁渍之。（《肘后方》）
腹中暴症硬如石，痛如刺，不治，百日内死∶取虎杖根，勿令影临水上，可得石余，洗，
干
捣末， 米五升炊饭，纳入搅之，好酒五斗渍之，封候药消饭浮，可饮一升半，勿食 鱼及
盐。但取一斗干者，薄酒浸饮，从少起，日三服，亦佳，症当下也。此方治症，胜诸大药也。
（《外台秘要》）气奔怪病，人忽遍身皮底混混如波浪声，痒不可忍，抓之血出不能解，谓之
气奔∶以苦杖、人参、青盐、白术、细辛各一两。作一服，水煎，细饮尽便愈。（夏子益《奇
疾方》）
服二钱，日三次。忌酒色鱼面 酱生冷。（《卫生家宝方》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【集解】陈藏器说：生长在平地上，叶子像苦杖但较小，茎节呈红色，高一尺到二尺，种植它可以辟蛇。还有一种草，茎圆得像苎麻，也能敷治蛇毒。
李慎微说：查考《百一方》记载：东关有一种草形状像苎麻，茎方形且节部发红，能敷治蛇毒，就像摘取下来那样有效，名叫蛇网草。还有鼠网草，就是后面的莽草。
【气味】缺失。
【主治】被蛇、蝎等毒虫咬伤。取根和叶捣烂敷在咬伤处，会流出黄水（陈藏器）。
（出自《神农本草经》，列为中品）
【释名】苦杖（《本草拾遗》）、大虫杖（《药性论》）、斑杖（《日华子本草》）、酸杖。李时珍说：“杖”指它的茎，“虎”指它身上的斑点。有人说它又名杜牛膝，这是错误的。有一种斑杖长得像“ ”头（此处原文缺字，指某种特定形态），与此同名但实物不同。
【集解】陶弘景说：田野里很多，形状像大马蓼，茎上有斑点，叶子是圆的。苏保升说：各地都有。生长在低湿之地，长成树状高约一丈多，茎是红色的，根是黄色的。二月、八月采挖根部，晒干使用。
苏颂说：现在产自汾州、越州、滁州，到处都有。三月生苗，茎像竹笋的样子，上面有红色斑点，刚长出来就分枝丫。叶子像小杏叶。七月开花，九月结果。南方产出的，不开花。根皮黑色，破开后里面是黄色，像柳根。也有高约一丈多的。《尔雅》说： ，即虎杖。郭璞注释说：像荭草但更粗大，有细刺，可以用来染成红色。就是这种植物。
寇宗奭说：这是草本植物。《蜀本》说长成树状高丈余的，是不对的。大体上都像寒菊，只是花、叶、茎、蕊稍大略有不同。而且茎叶上有淡黑色的斑点。六月、七月陆续开花，直到九月中才结束，花瓣四出，颜色像桃花，稍大且外部颜色略深。陕西山脚水边很多。
韩保昇说：凡是使用不要误用天蓝及斑袖的根，这两味药的根形状和味道都很相似。
苏机说：各种注释有的说像荭草，有的说像杏叶，有的说像寒菊，各不相同，难道是产地不同造成的吗？
李时珍说：它的茎像荭蓼，叶子圆像杏叶，枝条黄像柳枝，花形像菊花，花色像桃花。综合来看，并没有不同。
【修治】苏颂说：采得后切成细段，然后用叶子包裹一夜，晒干使用。
【气味】微温。李权说：甘，平，无毒。
寇宗奭说：味道微苦。现在天下人在暑月多煎煮根汁饮用。如果没有甘草，就不好喝。本文没有提到味道。《药性论》说：甘。这是甘草的味道，不是虎杖的味道。
【主治】通利月经，破除留滞的血症结块（《神农本草经》）。浸泡酒服用，主治突然形成的瘕聚（陶弘景）。风邪在骨节间，以及血瘀，煮汁做成酒服用（陈藏器）。
治疗大热烦躁，止渴利尿，压制一切热毒（李权）。治疗产后血晕，恶露不下，心腹胀满，排脓，主治疮疖痈毒，跌打损伤瘀血，破除风毒结气（唐慎微）。烧成灰，贴敷各种恶疮。焙干研末，炼蜜为丸，用陈米汤送服，治疗肠痔下血（苏颂）。研末用酒送服，治疗产后瘀血疼痛，以及坠跌昏闷有效（李时珍）。
【发明】李权说：暑月将根与甘草同煎作为饮料，颜色像琥珀一样可爱，非常甘甜美味。
放在瓶子里置于井中，使其冷彻如冰，当时人称为冷冻饮料子，饮用比茶还尊贵，极能解暑毒。其汁液染米做糜糕更加美味。捣末浸酒常服，可破除女子经脉不通。孕妇勿服。
李时珍说：孙思邈《千金方》：治疗女人月经不通，腹内积聚，虚胀雷鸣，四肢沉重，也治疗男子积聚，有虎杖煎方：取高地虎杖根，切碎二斛，用水二石五斗，煮取一斗半，去渣，加入纯酒五升，煎至像饴糖般稠厚。每次服用一合，以见效为度。又有许叔微《本事方》：治疗男女各种淋证。用苦杖根洗净，切碎一合，用水五盏，煎至一盏，去渣，加入乳香、麝香少许服用。鄞县尉耿梦得的妻子患沙石淋，已经十三年。每次排尿痛苦不堪，小便器中小便落下沙石发出剥剥声。各种方法都不见效，偶然得到此方服用，一晚就好了。这是我亲眼目睹的。
【附方】旧方三个，新方四个。
小便五淋：苦杖研为末。每次服用二钱，用米汤送下。（《集验方》）
月经不利：虎杖三两，凌霄花、没药一两。研为末。热酒每次服用一钱。又一方：治疗月经不通，腹部大如瓮，气短欲死：虎杖一斤（去掉头部晒千，切片），土瓜根汁、牛膝汁二斗。水一斛，浸泡虎杖一夜，煎取二斗，加入两种汁液，同煎至像饴糖般稠厚。每次用酒送服一合，白天两次晚上一次，宿血当下排出。（《圣惠方》）
时疫流毒攻注手足，肿痛欲断：用虎杖根切碎，煮汁浸泡患处。（《肘后备急方》）
腹中突然症块坚硬如石，痛如针刺，不治则百日内死亡：取虎杖根，不要让它的影子映在水面上，可得石余重，洗净，晒干捣末，粳米五升蒸饭，纳入其中搅拌，用好酒五斗浸泡，封口等到药消饭浮，可饮一升半，不吃腥鱼及盐。只取一斗干者，薄酒浸泡饮用，从少量开始，每天三次服用，也很好，症块当下排出。此方治疗症块，胜过各种猛药。（《外台秘要》）气奔怪病，人忽然遍身皮底混混有声如波浪，痒不可忍，抓之出血也不能缓解，叫做气奔：用苦杖、人参、青盐、白术、细辛各一两。作一服，水煎，细细饮尽即愈。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
服用二钱，每天三次。忌酒色鱼面酱生冷。（《卫生家宝方》）
(From *Bencao Shiyi* [Supplement to Materia Medica])
【Jijie (Collected Explanations)】 Chen Cangqi stated: It grows in flatlands, leaves resemble those of *Polygonum tinctorium* (Kuzhang) but are smaller, nodes are red, height is one to two chi. Planting it repels snakes. Another variety has round stems resembling ramie (*Boehmeria nivea*), also effective for applying to snake venom.
Li Shenwei stated: According to *Baiyi Fang*, there is a grass at Dongguan resembling ramie, with square stems and red nodes, effective for applying to snake venom as if freshly picked, named She Wang Cao (Snake Net Grass). There is also Shu Wang Cao, which is the Mang Cao mentioned later.
【Qiwēi (Flavor and Properties)】 Missing.
【Zhuzhi (Main Indications)】 Stings from snakes, scorpions, and other venomous insects. Take roots and leaves, pound into a paste, and apply to the bite site; yellow fluid will drain out (Chen Cangqi).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Middle Grade)
【Shiming (Names)】 Kuzhang (*Bencao Shiyi*), Dachong Zhang (*Yaoxing Lun*), Banzhang (*Rihua Bencao*), Suan Zhang. Li Shizhen said: "Zhang" refers to its stem, "Hu" (Tiger) refers to its spots. Some say it is also called Dunniu Xi, which is incorrect. A variety of Banzhang resembling [missing character] head shares the same name but is a different substance.
【Jijie (Collected Explanations)】 Tao Hongjing stated: It is abundant in fields, resembling large *Polygonum multiflorum* (Dama Liao), with spotted stems and round leaves. Su Baosheng stated: It is found everywhere. It grows in low, wet areas, growing tree-like up to over one zhang high, with red stems and yellow roots. Roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun.
Su Song stated: Currently produced in Fenzhou, Yuezhou, and Chuzhou, found everywhere. Seedlings emerge in March, stems resemble bamboo shoots, with red spots on them, branching early. Leaves resemble small apricot leaves. Flowers bloom in July, fruits mature in September. Those from the South do not flower. Root bark is black, turning yellow when broken, resembling willow roots. Some grow over one zhang high. *Erya* states: [Character], Hu Zhang. Guo Pu's annotation states: Resembles *Persicaria orientalis* (Hongcao) but coarser, with fine spines, can be used to dye red. This is it.
Kou Zongshi stated: This is an herbaceous plant. The *Shu Ben* version stating it grows tree-like over one zhang high is incorrect. Generally resembling *Chrysanthemum indicum* (Hanju), but flowers, leaves, stems, and stamens are slightly larger. Stems and leaves have pale black spots. Flowers bloom successively in June and July, ending in mid-September. Petals are four-parted, color like peach blossoms, slightly larger and darker on the outside. Abundant at the foot of mountains and by waters in Shaanxi.
Han Baosheng stated: When using, do not mistake it for the roots of Tianlan or Banxiu, as their root shapes and flavors are similar.
Su Ji stated: Various annotations claim resemblance to Hong, Xing, or Hanju, which differ greatly. Could this be due to different origins?
Li Shizhen stated: Its stem resembles *Persicaria*; leaves are round like apricot; branches are yellow like willow; flowers resemble chrysanthemum; color resembles peach blossom. Viewing them together, there is no difference.
【Xiuzhi (Processing)】 Su Song stated: After harvesting, cut finely, wrap in leaves overnight, then dry for use.
【Qiwēi (Flavor and Properties)】 Slightly warm. Li Quan stated: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
Kou Zongshi stated: Slightly bitter. Nowadays, people often decoct root juice for drinking in summer. Without licorice (*Gancao*), it is unpalatable. The main text does not mention flavor. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Sweet. This is the taste of licorice, not Hu Zhang.
【Zhuzhi (Main Indications)】 Promotes menstruation, breaks stagnant blood masses (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Soaked in wine and taken, treats sudden Jia (abdominal masses) (Tao Hongjing). Wind in inter-articular spaces and blood stasis, decocted juice taken as wine (Chen Cangqi).
Treats severe heat and irritability, stops thirst, promotes urination, suppresses all heat toxins (Li Quan). Treats postpartum blood vertigo, retention of lochia, abdominal distension and fullness, expels pus, treats sores, carbuncles, and toxic swellings, traumatic blood stasis, breaks wind-toxin qi stagnation (Tang Shenwei). Burned to ash, applied to various malignant sores. Roasted, powdered, mixed with refined honey into pills, taken with aged rice water, treats intestinal hemorrhoids with bleeding (Su Song). Powdered, taken with wine, treats postpartum blood stasis pain and fainting from falls (Li Shizhen).
【Faming (Elucidation)】 Li Quan stated: In summer, decocting roots with licorice makes a beverage, amber-colored and lovely, very sweet and delicious.
Placed in a bottle submerged in a well until ice-cold, locals call it "Frozen Beverage," considered superior to tea, extremely effective for resolving summer heat toxicity. Its juice dyes rice for congee/cakes, enhancing flavor. Powder soaked in wine, taken regularly, breaks female menstrual obstruction. Pregnant women should avoid it.
Li Shizhen stated: Sun Simiao’s *Qianjin Fang*: Treats female menstrual obstruction, abdominal accumulations, false distension with borborygmus, heavy limbs, and also male accumulations. Formula: Hu Zhang Jian. Take Hu Zhang roots from high ground, chop two hu, add 25 dou of water, boil to obtain 1.5 dou, remove dregs, add five sheng of pure wine, boil until thick like maltose. Take one he per dose, adjust until effective. Also, Xu Shimian’s *Benshi Fang*: Treats various stranguria in men and women. Wash clean one he of Kuzhang root, chop, add five cups of water, decoct to one cup, remove dregs, add a little frankincense (*Ruxiang*) and musk (*Shexiang*), take. Geng Mengde, Magistrate of Yin County, had a wife suffering from sand-stone stranguria for thirteen years. Urination was unbearable, sand and stones clattered in the chamber pot. Hundreds of prescriptions failed. Accidentally obtaining this prescription, she was cured in one night. I witnessed this personally.
【Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)】 Three old, four new.
Xiao Bian Wu Lin (Five Types of Dysuria): Kuzhang powdered. Take two qian, swallow with rice water. (*Jiyan Fang*)
Yue Shui Bu Li (Menstrual Irregularity): Hu Zhang three liang, Lingxiao Hua (*Campsis grandiflora*) and Moyao (*Myrrha*) one liang. Powdered. Take one qian with hot wine. Another formula: Treats menstrual obstruction, abdomen distended like a jar, shortness of breath nearing death: Hu Zhang one jin (remove tops, dry, slice), Tugua Gen (*Trichosanthes kirilowii* root juice) and Niuxi (*Achyranthes bidentata* root juice) two dou. Add one hu of water, soak Hu Zhang overnight, decoct to two dou, add the two juices, decoct until thick like maltose. Take one he with wine, twice daily and once at night, retained blood will pass. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Shi Yi Liu Du Gong Shou Zu (Seasonal Epidemic Toxin Attacking Hands and Feet), swelling and pain threatening amputation: Chop Hu Zhang roots, decoct juice, soak affected area. (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)
Fu Zhong Bao Zheng Ying Ru Shi (Sudden Hard Abdominal Mass Like Stone), stabbing pain, fatal within 100 days if untreated: Take Hu Zhang roots, ensure shadow does not touch water, obtain over ten shi weight, wash, dry, powder. Cook five shi of Jing Mi (rice), mix in, steep in five dou of good wine, seal until medicine dissolves and rice floats. Drink one and a half sheng. Avoid fish and salt. Alternatively, take one dou dry material, steep in thin wine, start with small doses, three times daily. Excellent, mass will pass. This formula for treating Zheng masses surpasses major drugs. (*Waitai Miyao*)
Qi Ben Strange Disease: Person suddenly feels rumbling sounds under skin like waves, unbearable itching, scratching draws blood without relief, called Qi Ben: Use Kuzhang, Renshen (*Ginseng*), Qingyan (*Halite*), Baizhu (*Atractylodes macrocephala*), Xixin (*Asarum*) each one liang. Make one dose, decoct in water, drink slowly until finished, then cured. (Xia Zi Yi *Qiji Fang*)
Take two qian, three times daily. Avoid alcohol, sexual activity, fish, noodles, soy sauce, and raw/cold foods. (*Weisheng Jiabao Fang*)