（《纲目》）
【释名】 蝶（ ，音叶）、
时珍曰∶蛱蝶轻薄，夹翅而飞， 然也。蝶美于须，蛾美于眉，故又名蝴蝶，俗谓须
为胡也。
【集解】时珍曰∶蝶，蛾类也。大曰蝶，小曰蛾。其种甚繁，皆四翅有粉，好嗅花香，
以须代鼻，其交以鼻，交则粉退。《古今注》谓橘蠹化蝶，《尔雅翼》
谓乌足之叶化蝶，《埤雅》谓菜蔬化蝶，《酉阳杂俎》谓百合花化蝶，《北户录》谓树叶化
蝶如丹青，《野史》谓彩裙化蝶，皆各据其所见者而言尔。盖不知蠹 诸虫，至老俱各蜕而
为蝶、为蛾，如蚕之必羽化也。朽衣物亦必生虫而化。草木花叶之化者，乃气化、风化也。
其色亦各随其虫所食花叶，及所化之物色而然。杨慎《丹铅录》云∶有草蝶、水蝶在水中。
《岭南异物志》载∶有人浮南海，见蛱蝶大如蒲帆，称肉得八十斤，啖之极肥美。
【气味】缺。
【主治】小儿脱肛。阴干为末，唾调半钱涂手心，以瘥为度（时珍）
【发明】时珍曰∶蝴蝶古方无用者，惟《普济方》载此方治脱肛，亦
（《别录》下品）
【释名】蜻 （音丁）、蜻 （亦作蜓）、 （音馨）、负劳（《尔雅》）、KT （音匆）、
诸乘（弘景）、纱羊
时珍曰∶蜻、KT ，言其色青葱也。蛉、 ，言其状伶仃也，或云其尾如丁也。或云
其尾好亭而挺，故曰 ，曰蜓。俗名纱羊，言其翅如纱也。按崔豹《古今注》云∶大而色青
者曰蜻蜓；小而黄者，江东名胡黎，淮南名 ，鄱阳名江鸡，小而赤者，名曰赤卒，曰绛
驺，曰赤
，未考此耳。
【集解】弘景曰∶蜻蛉有五六种，惟青色大眼一名诸乘，俗呼为胡黎者入药。道家云∶
眼可化为青珠。其余黄细及黑者，不入药。
保升曰∶所在有之。好飞水际，六足四翼。
宗 曰∶蜻蜓中一种最大（汴人呼为马大头）者，是也。身绿色。其雌者腰间有碧色一
遭
时珍曰∶蜻蛉大头露目，短颈长腰 尾，
水虿化KT 。罗愿云∶水虿化蜻蛉，蜻蛉仍交于水上，附物散卵，复为水虿也。张华《博
物志》亦言∶五月五日，埋蜻蛉头于户内，可化青珠，未知然否？古方惟用大而青者，近时
房中术，亦有用红色者。崔豹云∶辽海间有绀 虫，如蜻蛉而玄绀色，六、七月群飞暗天。
夷人食之，云海中青虾所化也。《云南志》云∶澜沧蒲蛮诸地，凡土蜂、蜻蛉、蚱蜢之类，
无不食之也。
【气味】微寒，无毒。
【主治】强阴，止精（《别录》）。壮阳，暖水脏
【《本草纲目》】
【释名】 蛱蝶（音同“叶”）
李时珍说：蛱蝶身体轻薄，双翅夹拢飞行，这是它的自然形态。蝴蝶的须很美，飞蛾的眉很美，所以又叫做蝴蝶，民间把须称为“胡”。
【集解】 李时珍说：蝶，属于蛾类。大的叫蝶，小的叫蛾。它们的种类非常繁多，都有四只翅膀且带有粉末，喜欢嗅闻花香，用须代替鼻子，交配时用鼻子接触，交配后粉末就会脱落。《古今注》说橘蠹化为蝶，《尔雅翼》说乌足的叶子化为蝶，《埤雅》说蔬菜化为蝶，《酉阳杂俎》说百合花化为蝶，《北户录》说树叶化为像丹青画一样的蝶，《野史》说彩裙化为蝶，这些都是各自根据所见而言罢了。大概是因为不知道各种蛀虫，到了老的时候都会蜕皮变成蝶或蛾，就像蚕必然羽化一样。腐烂的衣物也必定生虫而化。草木花叶的化生，乃是气化和风化的结果。它们的颜色也随着虫子所吃的花叶以及所化之物的颜色而定。杨慎在《丹铅录》中说：有草蝶、水蝶在水中。《岭南异物志》记载：有人漂浮在南海，看见蛱蝶大如蒲扇做的帆，称肉重达八十斤，吃起来极肥美。
【气味】 缺失。
【主治】 小儿脱肛。阴干研成粉末，用唾液调和半钱涂在手心，以痊愈为限度。（李时珍）
【发明】 李时珍说：蝴蝶在古代方剂中没有使用的，只有《普济方》记载此方治疗脱肛，也
（《名医别录》下品）
【释名】 蜻蜓（音同“丁”）、蜻蛉（也写作“蜓”）、（音同“馨”）、负劳（出自《尔雅》）、（音同“匆”）、诸乘（陶弘景）、纱羊
李时珍说：“蜻”、“”，是说它们颜色青葱。“蛉”、“”，是说它们形状伶仃，有人说它们的尾巴像“丁”字。有人说它们的尾巴喜欢停立且挺拔，所以叫“”，叫“蜓”。俗名叫纱羊，是说它们的翅膀像纱一样。查崔豹《古今注》说：大而色青的叫蜻蜓；小而色黄的，江东叫胡黎，淮南叫，鄱阳叫江鸡；小而色赤的，名叫赤卒，叫绛驺，叫赤，这些尚未考证清楚。
【集解】 陶弘景说：蜻蛉有五六种，只有青色大眼的一种名叫诸乘，俗称胡黎的可以入药。道家说：眼睛可以化为青珠。其余黄色细小及黑色的，不入药。
苏保升说：各地都有。喜欢在水边飞翔，六足四翼。
苏颂说：蜻蜓中一种最大的（汴地人呼为马大头），就是这种。身体绿色。雌性腰部有一圈碧色。
李时珍说：蜻蛉头大露眼，颈短腰长尾，由水虿化为。罗愿说：水虿化为蜻蛉，蜻蛉仍在水上交配，附着物体散卵，又变为水虿。张华《博物志》也说：五月五日，将蜻蛉头埋在门内，可化为青珠，不知是否如此？古方只用大而青色的，近来房中术，也有用红色的。崔豹说：辽海之间有绀色虫，像蜻蛉但呈玄绀色，六七月成群飞舞遮蔽天空。夷人吃它，说是海中青虾所化。《云南志》说：澜沧蒲蛮等地，凡是土蜂、蜻蛉、蚱蜢之类，没有不吃的。
【气味】 微寒，无毒。
[Compendium of Materia Medica]
[Nomenclature] Jiedie (Vane Butterfly, sound like "Ye")
Li Shizhen said: The vane butterfly is light and thin, flying with wings clamped together; this is its natural state. The butterfly's antennae are beautiful, the moth's eyebrows are beautiful, hence it is also called Hudie (Butterfly). In common parlance, the antennae are referred to as "Hu".
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Butterflies belong to the moth category. Large ones are called butterflies, small ones are called moths. Their species are numerous, all having four wings covered with powder. They enjoy smelling floral fragrances, using their antennae instead of noses for olfaction. They mate nose-to-nose, and the powder fades after mating. *Gu Jin Zhu* states that citrus larvae transform into butterflies; *Er Ya Yi* states that Wu Zu leaves transform into butterflies; *Pi Ya* states that vegetables transform into butterflies; *Youyang Zazu* states that lily flowers transform into butterflies; *Buhu Lu* states that tree leaves transform into butterflies resembling paintings; *Yeshi* states that colorful skirts transform into butterflies. These are all based on individual observations. It seems they do not know that various wood-boring insects, upon reaching old age, all molt and transform into butterflies or moths, just as silkworms inevitably undergo metamorphosis into adults. Rotting clothes also inevitably breed insects that transform. The transformation of grass, trees, flowers, and leaves is due to Qi transformation and Wind transformation. Their colors depend on the flowers and leaves consumed by the insects and the color of the object from which they transform. Yang Shen in *Dan Qian Lu* stated: There are grass butterflies and water butterflies in the water. *Lingnan Yiwu Zhi* records: A person floating in the South Sea saw a vane butterfly as large as a palm-leaf sail, weighing eighty jin of meat, which tasted extremely rich and delicious.
[Flavor and Properties] Missing.
[Therapeutic Actions] Infantile rectal prolapse. Dry in the shade, grind into powder, mix with saliva, apply half a qian to the palm of the hand. Use until healed. (Li Shizhen)
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Ancient prescriptions rarely used butterflies. Only *Pu Ji Fang* records this prescription for treating rectal prolapse, also
(Mingyi Bie Lu, Lower Grade)
[Nomenclature] Qingting (Dragonfly, sound like "Ding"), Qingling (also written as Ting), (sound like "Xin"), Fulao (from *Er Ya*), (sound like "Cong"), Zhucheng (Tao Hongjing), Shayang (Gauze Sheep)
Li Shizhen said: "Qing" and refer to their greenish color. "Ling" and refer to their slender appearance. Some say their tails resemble the character "Ding". Others say their tails like to perch upright, hence called "" and "Ting". The common name is Shayang (Gauze Sheep), referring to their gauze-like wings. According to Cui Bao's *Gu Jin Zhu*: Large and blue ones are called Qingting; small and yellow ones are called Hulu in Jiangdong, Ming in Huainan, and Jiangji in Poyang; small and red ones are named Chizu, Jiangzou, and Chi, which remain unverified.
[Collected Explanations] Tao Hongjing said: There are five or six types of Qingling. Only the large-eyed blue type, named Zhucheng and commonly called Hulu, is used in medicine. Daoists claim its eyes can transform into green pearls. The others, yellow, fine, and black, are not used in medicine.
Su Baosheng said: They are found everywhere. They prefer flying near water, having six legs and four wings.
Su Song said: Among dragonflies, the largest one (called Matoudai by people in Bian) is this species. Its body is green. The female has a ring of emerald green around her waist.
Li Shizhen said: Qingling has a large head with exposed eyes, a short neck, long waist, and tail. It transforms from aquatic naiads (Shu Chai). Luo Yuan stated: Naiads transform into dragonflies; dragonflies still mate over water, attaching eggs to objects, which then become naiads again. Zhang Hua's *Bowu Zhi* also states: On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, burying a dragonfly's head indoors can transform it into a green pearl; whether this is true remains unknown. Ancient prescriptions only used large blue ones. Recently, sexual arts have also used red ones. Cui Bao said: In the Liaohai region, there are dark-blue insects resembling dragonflies but with a dark indigo color. In the sixth and seventh months, they fly in swarms obscuring the sky. Barbarians eat them, claiming they are transformed from green shrimp in the sea. *Yunnan Zhi* states: In places like Lan Cang and Puman, things like earth bees, dragonflies, and grasshoppers are all eaten without exception.
[Flavor and Properties] Slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Strengthen Yin, arrest seminal emission (*Mingyi Bie Lu*). Strengthen Yang, warm the Water Organ (Kidney)