（《纲目》）
【释名】时珍曰∶蝇飞营营，其声自呼，故名。
【集解】时珍曰∶蝇处处有之。夏出冬蛰，喜暖恶寒。苍者声雄壮，负金者声清括，青
者粪能败物，巨者首如火，麻者茅根所化。蝇声在鼻，而足喜交。其蛆胎生。蛆入灰中蜕化
为蝇，如蚕、蝎之化蛾也。蝇溺水死，得灰复活。故《淮南子》云∶烂灰
多有辟法。一种小 蛛，专捕食之，谓之蝇虎者是也。
【主治】拳毛倒睫，以腊月蛰蝇干研为末，以鼻频嗅之，即愈（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶蝇古方未见用者，近时《普济方》载此法，云出《
（《纲目》）
【集解】时珍曰∶狗蝇生狗身上，状如蝇，黄色能飞，坚皮利喙，啖
狗耳中。
【气味】缺。
【主治】痰疟不止，活取一枚，去翅、足，面裹为丸，衣以黄丹。发日早，
得吐即止。或以蜡丸酒服亦可。又擂酒服，治痘疮倒 （时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶狗蝇古方未见用者，近世《医方大成》载治疟方，
痘方，盖亦鼠负、牛虱之类耳。周密云∶同僚括苍陈坡，老儒也，言其孙三岁时
痘出而倒 。色黑，唇口冰冷，危证也。遍试诸药不效，
恰有药可起此疾，甚奇。因为经营少许，持归服之，移时即红润也。常恳求其方，乃用狗蝇
七枚擂细，和醅酒少许调服尔。夫痘疮固是危事，然不可扰。大要在固脏气之外，任其自然
尔。然或有变证，则不得不资于药也。
【附录】壁虱 时珍曰∶即臭虫也。状如酸枣仁，咂人血食，与蚤皆
多于席下置麝香、雄黄，或菖蒲末，或蒴 末，或楝花末，或蓼末；或烧木瓜烟、黄柏烟、
牛角烟、马蹄烟，以辟之也。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】李时珍说：苍蝇飞行时发出嗡嗡的声音，这声音像是它自己在呼叫，因此得名。
【集解】李时珍说：苍蝇到处都有。夏天出现，冬天蛰伏，喜欢温暖而厌恶寒冷。苍黑色的苍蝇叫声雄壮，带金属光泽的苍蝇叫声清脆，青色的苍蝇排泄物能腐坏食物，体型巨大的苍蝇头部像火一样红，麻斑状的苍蝇是由茅草根化生而来的。苍蝇的听觉在鼻子，但脚喜欢交配。它的幼虫蛆是胎生的。蛆进入灰烬中蜕变成苍蝇，就像蚕、蝎子化成蛾一样。苍蝇溺水而死，遇到灰烬又能复活。所以《淮南子》说：腐烂的灰烬中有很多辟邪的方法。有一种小蜘蛛专门捕食苍蝇，叫做“蝇虎”的就是这种。
【主治】治疗拳毛倒睫（眼睑内翻，睫毛向内生长刺入眼球），用腊月里蛰伏的干苍蝇研成粉末，频繁地让患者闻其气味，即可痊愈（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：苍蝇在古代医方中未见使用，最近《普济方》记载了这种方法，说是出自《……
（《本草纲目》）
【集解】李时珍说：狗蝇生在狗身上，形状像苍蝇，黄色能飞，皮厚嘴尖利，叮咬狗的耳朵。
【气味】缺失。
【主治】治疗痰疟不止，活捉一只，去掉翅膀和脚，用面粉包裹做成丸药，外面涂上黄丹。发病当天早晨服用，引起呕吐就停止。或者做成蜡丸用酒送服也可以。又或用酒研磨后服用，治疗痘疮倒陷（李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：狗蝇在古代医方中未见使用，近世《医方大成》记载了治疗疟疾和痘疮的方子，大概也是属于鼠负、牛虱这一类吧。周密说：同僚括苍人陈坡，是一位老儒生，他说他的孙子三岁时出痘疮且发生倒陷，颜色发黑，嘴唇和口部冰冷，这是危重的证候。遍试各种药物都没有效果，恰好有药可以治愈这种病，非常奇特。于是为他准备了一点药，拿回家服用，过了一会儿脸色就红润了。经常恳求得到这个方子，原来是取七只狗蝇研磨细碎，混合少许浊酒调服罢了。痘疮固然是危险的事情，但是不可扰乱正气。关键在于巩固脏腑之气，顺应自然规律而已。然而如果有变证，则不得不借助药物来治疗。
【附录】壁虱 李时珍说：就是臭虫。形状像酸枣仁，吸食人的血液。与跳蚤一样，多在席子下放置麝香、雄黄，或菖蒲末，或蒴藋末，或楝花末，或蓼末；或者燃烧木瓜烟、黄柏烟、牛角烟、马蹄烟，用来驱避它们。
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Names] Li Shizhen said: Flies buzz when flying, and the sound seems to be self-calling, hence the name.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Flies are found everywhere. They emerge in summer and hibernate in winter; they prefer warmth and dislike cold. Those that are dark gray have a robust buzzing sound; those with a metallic sheen have a clear and crisp sound; those that are green can spoil food with their excrement; those that are large have heads as red as fire; those that are mottled are transformed from the roots of cogon grass. The sense of hearing of flies is located in the nose, but their legs are fond of copulation. Their larvae, maggots, are viviparous. Maggots transform into flies after molting within ashes, similar to how silkworms and scorpions transform into moths. Flies die when drowning in water but revive upon contact with ashes. Thus, *Huainanzi* states: "Rotten ashes contain many methods for warding off evil." There is a type of small spider that specifically preys on flies, known as the "fly tiger" (Philodromidae).
[Therapeutic Actions] For inverted eyelashes (entropion), grind dried flies hibernated in the twelfth lunar month into powder. Frequently allow the patient to sniff it, and it will heal (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Flies were not used in ancient prescriptions. Recently, *Puji Fang* recorded this method, stating it originated from...
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Dog fleas live on dogs. They resemble flies, are yellow and capable of flight, have tough skin and sharp beaks, and bite inside the dog's ears.
[Flavor and Properties] Missing.
[Therapeutic Actions] For persistent phlegm-malaria (Tan Nue), capture one alive, remove wings and legs, wrap in flour paste to make pills, and coat with lead tetroxide (Huang Dan). Take early on the day of onset; stop once vomiting occurs. Alternatively, make wax pills and take with wine. Or, grind with wine and take orally to treat inverted smallpox lesions (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Dog fleas were not used in ancient prescriptions. In recent times, *Yi Fang Da Cheng* recorded prescriptions for treating malaria and smallpox. These are likely similar to rat fleas or cattle lice. Zhou Mi said: A colleague, Chen Po from Kuocang, an elderly scholar, told me that his grandson contracted smallpox at age three with inverted lesions. The spots were black, and lips and mouth were ice-cold, indicating a critical condition. Various medicines failed. Fortunately, there was a medicine that could cure this disease, which was quite remarkable. He prepared a small amount and took it home to administer. After a short while, the child's complexion turned rosy. He frequently begged for the prescription, which turned out to be seven dog fleas ground finely, mixed with a little unfiltered wine and taken orally. Although smallpox is indeed a dangerous condition, one must not disturb the body's vital energy. The key lies in consolidating the qi of the zang-fu organs and allowing nature to take its course. However, if complications arise, medicinal intervention becomes necessary.
[Appendix] Bedbugs (Bi Shi) Li Shizhen said: These are bedbugs. They resemble tartary buckthorn seeds and suck human blood. Like fleas, they can be repelled by placing musk (Moschus), realgar (Xiong Huang), or powders of calamus (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), fern (Asplenii Rhizoma), chinaberry flowers (Meliae Flos), or smartweed (Polygoni Orientalis Herba) under bedding. Alternatively, burning smoke from papaya, phellodendron bark (Phellodendri Cortex), buffalo horn, or horse hooves can repel them.