（《拾遗》）
【释名】胡豆（《拾遗》）、戎菽（《尔雅》）、回鹘豆（《辽志》。《饮膳正要》作回回
豆。回回，即回鹘也）、毕豆（《唐史》。崔 《月令》作KT 豆）、青小豆（《千金》）、青
斑豆（《别录》）、麻累。
时珍曰∶胡豆，豌豆也。其苗柔弱宛宛，故得豌名。种出胡戎，嫩时青色，老则斑麻，
故有胡、戎、青斑、麻累诸名。陈藏器《拾遗》虽有胡豆，但云苗似豆，生田野间，米中往
往有之。然豌豆、蚕豆皆有胡豆之名。陈氏所云，盖豌豆也。豌豆之粒小，故米中有之。《
尔雅》∶戎菽谓之荏菽。《管子》∶山戎出荏菽，布之天下。并注云∶即胡豆也。《唐史》
∶毕豆出自西戎回鹘地面。
张揖《广雅》∶毕豆、豌豆，留豆也。《别录》序例云∶丸药如胡豆大者，即青斑豆也
。孙思邈《千金方》云∶青小豆一名胡豆，一名麻累。《邺中记》云∶石虎讳胡，改胡豆为
国豆。此数说，皆指豌豆也。盖古昔呼豌豆为胡豆，今则蜀人专呼蚕豆为胡豆，而豌豆名胡
豆，人不知矣。又乡人亦呼豌豆大者为淮豆，盖回鹘音相近也。
【集解】时珍曰∶豌豆种出西胡，今北土甚多。八、九月下种，苗生柔弱如蔓，有须。
叶似蒺藜叶，两两对生，嫩时可食。三、四月开小花如蛾形，淡紫色。结荚长寸许，子圆
如药丸，亦似甘草子。出胡地者大如杏仁。煮、炒皆佳，磨粉面甚白细腻。百谷之中，最为
先登。又有野豌豆，粒小不堪，惟苗可茹，名翘摇，见菜部。
【气味】甘，平，无毒。思邈曰∶甘、咸，温、平，涩。
瑞曰∶多食发气病。
【主治】消渴，淡煮食之，良（藏器）。治寒热热中，除吐逆，止泄痢 下，利小便、
腹胀满（思邈）。调营卫，益中平气。煮食，下乳汁。可作酱用（瑞）。煮饮，杀鬼毒心病，
解乳石毒发。研末，涂痈肿痘疮。作澡豆，去 ，令人面光泽（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶豌豆属土，故其所主病多系脾胃。元时饮膳，每用此豆捣去皮，同羊
肉治食，云补中益气。今为日用之物，而唐、宋本草见遗，可谓缺典矣。《千金》、《外台》
洗面澡豆方，盛用毕豆面，亦取其白腻耳。
【附方】新三。
四圣丹∶治小儿痘中有疔，或紫黑而大，或黑坏而臭，或中有黑线，此症十死八九，惟
牛都御史得秘传此方点之最妙。用豌豆四十九粒（烧存性），头发灰三分，真珠十四粒炒研
服石毒发∶胡豆半升捣研，以水八合绞汁饮之，即愈。（《外台》）。
霍乱吐利∶豌豆三合，香 三两，为末，水三盏，煎一盏，分二服。（《圣惠》）
（出自《本草拾遗》）
【释名】胡豆（出自《本草拾遗》）、戎菽（出自《尔雅》）、回鹘豆（出自《辽史》。《饮膳正要》称为回回豆。回回，即回鹘也）、毕豆（出自《唐史》。崔豹的《古今注·月令》写作“KT”豆，此处疑为传抄异体或误字，指毕豆）、青小豆（出自《千金方》）、青斑豆（出自《名医别录》）、麻累。
李时珍说：胡豆，就是豌豆。它的茎叶柔弱蜿蜒，所以得名“豌”。它原产于西域胡地，嫩的时候呈青色，老了则出现斑点如麻，所以有胡、戎、青斑、麻累等名称。陈藏器在《本草拾遗》中虽然提到了胡豆，但只说其苗像豆类，生长在田野间，米粒中常常混杂其中。然而，豌豆和蚕豆都有“胡豆”这个名字。陈氏所说的，大概是指豌豆。因为豌豆颗粒较小，所以会混在米中。《尔雅》记载：戎菽叫做荏菽。《管子》记载：山戎出产荏菽，并推广到天下。都注释说：这就是胡豆。《唐史》记载：毕豆出自西戎回鹘地区。
张揖在《广雅》中说：毕豆、豌豆，就是留豆。《名医别录》序例说：丸药像胡豆大小的，就是青斑豆。孙思邈在《千金方》中说：青小豆一名胡豆，一名麻累。《邺中记》说：石虎忌讳“胡”字，改胡豆为国豆。以上几种说法，都是指豌豆。大概古时候称豌豆为胡豆，现在蜀地人专门称蚕豆为胡豆，而豌豆被称为胡豆，人们就不知道了。另外，乡人也把较大的豌豆称为淮豆，大概是与回鹘发音相近的缘故。
【集解】李时珍说：豌豆原产于西域胡地，现在北方土地种植很多。八、九月播种，苗生长柔弱像藤蔓，有须。叶子像蒺藜的叶子，两两对生，嫩的时候可以食用。三、四月开小花，形状像蛾子，淡紫色。结出的荚长约一寸，种子圆得像药丸，也像甘草的种子。从胡地出产的豌豆大如杏仁。煮着吃、炒着吃都很好，磨成粉面非常白且细腻。在百谷之中，它是最先成熟的。还有野豌豆，颗粒小不堪食用，只有苗可以食用，名叫翘摇，见蔬菜部。
【气味】味甘，性平，无毒。孙思邈说：味甘、咸，性温、平，味涩。
瑞（可能是某位医家，原文未全名，依文意译）说：多吃会引发气病。
【主治】治疗消渴症，清淡煮熟后食用，效果很好（出自陈藏器）。治疗寒热往来及热邪在中焦，消除呕吐逆气，止住泄痢，通利小便，缓解腹胀满（出自孙思邈）。调和营卫，补益中气，使气机平和。煮熟食用，有助于下乳汁。可以制作酱料使用（出自瑞）。煮水饮用，能杀鬼毒引起的心病，解除乳石毒发作。研成粉末，涂抹痈肿痘疮。制作成澡豆，去除污垢，使人面部光泽（出自李时珍）。
【发明】李时珍说：豌豆属土，所以它所主治的疾病多与脾胃有关。元代时的饮食，经常用这种豆子去皮捣碎，同羊肉一起烹制食用，说是能补中益气。现在是日常食物，但唐代、宋代的本草著作中遗漏了它，可以说是缺漏的经典了。《千金方》、《外台秘要》中洗面澡豆的方子，大量使用毕豆面，也是取其白色细腻的特点。
【附方】新收录三方。
四圣丹：治疗小儿痘疹中有疔疮，或者颜色紫黑且大，或者黑色腐烂发臭，或者中间有黑线，这种症状十个人死八九个，只有牛都御史得到秘传的这个方子点涂最妙。用豌豆四十九粒（烧至存性），头发灰三分，真珠十四粒炒后研细，调服。
(From *Bencao Shiyi* / Supplement to Materia Medica)
[Names] Hu Dou (from *Bencao Shiyi*), Rong Shu (from *Erya*), Huihu Dou (from *Liao Shi*. *Yinshan Zhengyao* calls it Huihui Dou. Huihui refers to Huihu), Bi Dou (from *Tang Shi*. Cui Bao's *Gujin Zhu Yue Ling* writes it as "KT" Dou, likely a variant or error for Bi Dou), Qing Xiao Dou (from *Qianjin Fang*), Qing Ban Dou (from *Mingyi Bie Lu*), Ma Lei.
Li Shizhen states: Hu Dou is the Pea (*Pisum sativum*). Its seedlings are soft and winding, hence the name "Wan" (winding). It originated from the Hu regions of the west. When young, it is green; when old, it becomes spotted like hemp, thus having names such as Hu, Rong, Qing Ban, and Ma Lei. Chen Cangqi in *Bencao Shiyi* mentions Hu Dou but only describes its seedlings as resembling beans, growing in fields, often found mixed with rice. However, both Peas and Fava Beans (*Vicia faba*) bear the name "Hu Dou." The Hu Dou mentioned by Chen likely refers to Peas, as their grains are small and thus mix with rice. *Erya* records: Rong Shu is called Ren Shu. *Guanzi* records: Shan Ru produced Ren Shu and spread it throughout the world. Annotations state this is Hu Dou. *Tang Shi* records: Bi Dou originated from the Western Ru Huihu territories.
Zhang Yi in *Guangya* states: Bi Dou and Wan Dou are Liu Dou. The preface of *Mingyi Bie Lu* states: Pills the size of Hu Dou refer to Qing Ban Dou. Sun Simiao in *Qianjin Fang* says: Qing Xiao Dou is also named Hu Dou and Ma Lei. *Ye Zhong Ji* states: Shi Hu avoided the character "Hu" due to taboo, changing Hu Dou to Guo Dou. These statements all refer to Peas. Generally, in ancient times, Peas were called Hu Dou; now, people in Sichuan specifically call Fava Beans Hu Dou, while the name Hu Dou for Peas has been forgotten. Additionally, locals call larger Peas "Huai Dou," likely due to phonetic similarity to Huihu.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen states: Peas originated from the Western Hu regions and are now widely cultivated in northern China. Sown in August or September, the seedlings grow soft like vines with tendrils. Leaves resemble those of Tribulus (*Jili*), opposite each other, edible when tender. In March or April, they bloom with small flowers resembling moths, pale purple in color. Pods are about one cun long; seeds are round like medicinal pills, resembling Licorice seeds. Those from Hu lands are as large as apricot kernels. Boiled or fried, they are excellent; ground into flour, they are very white and fine. Among grains, they ripen earliest. There is also wild pea, whose grains are too small for consumption, but the seedlings are edible, named Qiao Yao, see Vegetable Section.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Sun Simiao states: Sweet, salty, warm/neutral, astringent.
Rui states: Excessive consumption induces Qi disorders.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome); boiled plainly and eaten, it is effective (Chen Cangqi). Treats alternating chills and fever, heat in the middle jiao, eliminates vomiting and regurgitation, stops diarrhea and dysentery, promotes urination, and relieves abdominal distension (Sun Simiao). Harmonizes Ying and Wei (Defensive and Nutritive Qi), tonifies the Middle Jiao, and regulates Qi. Boiled and eaten, it promotes lactation. Can be used to make sauces (Rui). Decoction drunk kills "ghost toxicity" affecting the heart and resolves toxicity from Milk Stone (Ru Shi). Ground into powder and applied topically, it treats carbuncles and smallpox sores. Made into bath soap (Zao Dou), it removes dirt and makes the face lustrous (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen states: Peas belong to Earth, so their therapeutic actions mostly relate to the Spleen and Stomach. During the Yuan Dynasty, dietary practices often used these peas, peeled and pounded, cooked with mutton, claiming they tonify the Middle Jiao and benefit Qi. Now a daily food, yet omitted in Tang and Song materia medica, which is a notable omission. The facial wash bath soap formulas in *Qianjin Fang* and *Waitai Miyao* heavily use Bi Dou flour, appreciating its whiteness and fineness.
[Attached Formulas] Three new formulas.
Si Sheng Dan (Four Sages Pill): Treats pediatric smallpox lesions containing Ding (hard nodules), or those that are purple-black and large, black and rotting/foul-smelling, or have black lines in the center. This condition has a high mortality rate (80-90%). Only Minister Niu obtained this secret formula for topical application, which is most effective. Use 49 Pea seeds (charred to retain efficacy), 3 fen of hair ash, and 14 pearls stir-fried and ground. Mix and take orally.
Ru Shi Fa (Toxicity from Milk Stone): Half sheng of Hu Dou, pounded and ground, squeezed with water (8 he) to extract juice, then drunk. Recovery is immediate (from *Waitai Miyao*).
Huo Luan Tu Li (Cholera-like Vomiting and Diarrhea): 3 he of Peas, 3 liang of Xiang Chi (Prepared Soybean Ferment), ground into powder. Decoct with 3 cups of water until 1 cup remains. Divide into two doses (from *Taiping Shenghui Fang*).