（《本经》上品）
【释名】辛雉（《本经》）、侯桃（同）、
时珍曰∶夷者荑也。其苞初生如荑而味辛也。扬雄《甘泉赋》云∶列辛雉于林薄。服虔
注云∶即辛夷。雉、夷声相近也。今
藏器曰∶辛夷花未发时，苞如小桃子，有毛，故名侯桃。初发如笔头，北人呼为木笔。
其花最早，南人呼为迎春。
【集解】《别录》曰∶辛夷生汉中、魏兴、梁州川谷。其树似杜仲，高丈余。子似冬桃
而小。九月采实，曝干，去心及外毛。毛射人肺，令人咳。
弘景曰∶今出丹阳近道。形如桃子，小时气味辛香。
恭曰∶此是树，花未开时收之。正月、二月好采。云九月采实者，恐误也。
保升曰∶其树大连合抱，高数仞。叶似柿叶而狭长。正月、二月花，似有毛小桃，色白
而带紫。花落而无子。夏杪复着花，如小笔。又有一种，花、叶皆同，但三月花开，四月花
落，子赤似相思子。二种所在山谷皆有。
禹锡曰∶今苑中有树，高三、四丈，其枝繁茂。正、二月花开，紫白色。花落乃生叶，
夏初复生花。经秋历冬，叶花渐大，如有毛小桃，至来年正、二月始开。初是兴元府进来，
树才三、四尺，有花无子，经二十余年方结实。盖年浅者无子，非有二种也。其花开早晚，
各随方土节气尔。宗 曰∶辛夷，处处有之，人家园亭亦多种植。先花后叶，即木笔花也。
其花未开时，苞上有毛，尖长如笔，故取象而名。花有桃红、紫色二种，入药当用紫者，须
未开时收之，已开者不佳。时珍曰∶辛夷花，初出枝头，苞长半寸，而尖锐俨如笔头，重重
有青黄茸毛顺铺，长半分许。及开则似莲花而小如盏，紫苞红焰，作莲及兰花香。亦有白色
者，人呼为玉兰。又有千叶者。诸家言苞似小桃者，比类欠当。
苞
【修治】 曰∶凡用辛夷，拭去赤肉毛了，以芭蕉水浸一宿，用浆水煮之，从巳至未，
取出焙干用。若治眼目中患，即一时去皮，用向里实者。
大明曰∶入药微炙。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
时珍曰∶气味俱薄，浮而散，阳也。入手太阴、足阳明经。
之才曰∶芎 为之使。恶五石脂，畏菖蒲、蒲黄、黄连、石膏、黄环。
【主治】五脏身体寒热，风头脑痛面 。久服下气，轻身明目，增年耐老（《本经》）。
温中解肌，利九窍，通鼻塞涕出，治面肿引齿痛，眩冒身兀兀如在车船之上者，生须发，
去白虫（《别录》）。通关脉，治头痛憎寒，体噤瘙痒。入面脂，生光泽（大明）。鼻渊鼻鼽，
鼻窒鼻疮，及痘后鼻疮，并用研末，入麝香少许，葱白蘸入数次，甚良
【发明】时珍曰∶鼻气通于天。天者，头也、肺也。肺开窍于鼻，而阳明胃脉环鼻而上
行。
脑为元神之府，而鼻为命门之窍。人之中气不足，清阳不升，则头为之倾，九窍为之不
利。辛夷之辛温走气而入肺，其体轻浮，能助胃中清阳上行通于天。所以能温中，治头面目
鼻
（被列为《神农本草经》上品）
【释名】辛雉（出自《神农本草经》）、侯桃（同上）。
李时珍说：夷，就是荑。它的花苞刚生出来像初生的茅草芽，而且味道辛辣。扬雄在《甘泉赋》中说：“在林莽中排列着辛雉。”服虔注释说：“这就是辛夷。”“雉”和“夷”读音相近。
陈藏器说：辛夷花还没开放时，花苞像小桃子，上面有毛，所以名叫侯桃。刚开始绽放时像笔头，北方人叫它木笔。它的花期最早，南方人叫它迎春。
【集解】《名医别录》说：辛夷生长在汉中、魏兴、梁州的山谷中。它的树像杜仲，高一丈多。果实像冬桃但较小。九月采集果实，晒干，去掉心部和外面的毛。毛会射入人的肺里，引起咳嗽。
陶弘景说：现在出产于丹阳附近的道路旁。形状像桃子，小时候气味辛辣芳香。
苏恭说：这是树木，在花未开时采收。正月、二月是采集的好时机。说九月采集果实，恐怕是错误的。
苗保升说：这棵树直径可达合抱粗，高数仞。叶子像柿叶但狭长。正月、二月开花，像带毛的小桃，颜色白而带紫。花落之后不结果实。夏末又开花，像小笔。还有一种，花和叶都一样，只是三月花开，四月花落，果实红色像相思子。这两种在山谷中都有生长。
孟禹锡说：现在御苑中有这种树，高三四丈，枝条繁茂。正、二月开花，紫白色。花落后才长叶子，初夏又生花。经过秋冬，叶和花逐渐变大，像带毛的小桃，到第二年正、二月才开放。起初是从兴元府进贡来的，树只有三四尺高，有花无果，经过二十多年才结实。大概是年份浅的没有果实，并不是有两种不同的树。花开花的早晚，各自随着当地的气候节气而定。雷斅说：辛夷到处都有，人家园林亭台也多种植。先开花后长叶，就是木笔花。它的花苞未开时，苞上有毛，尖长像笔，所以取象命名。花有桃红、紫色两种，入药应当用紫色的，必须在未开时采收，已经开放的不好。李时珍说：辛夷花刚从枝头长出，花苞长半寸，尖锐整齐宛如笔头，层层覆盖着青黄色的茸毛顺向铺展，长约半分许。等到开放时，形状像莲花但小如杯盏，紫色花苞包裹着红色的焰色，散发出莲花和兰花的香气。也有白色的，人们叫它玉兰。还有重瓣的。各家说花苞像小桃的，相比类比不够恰当。
【修治】雷斅说：凡是使用辛夷，要擦去赤色的肉质部分和毛，用芭蕉水浸泡一夜，用米浆水煮，从巳时到未时，取出焙干使用。如果是治疗眼目中的疾病，就一时去皮，只用里面坚实的部分。
寇宗奭说：入药稍微炙烤一下。
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
李时珍说：气味都淡薄，性质浮散，属于阳。归入手太阴肺经、足阳明胃经。
徐之才说：川芎是它的引经药。厌恶五石脂，畏惧菖蒲、蒲黄、黄连、石膏、黄环。
【主治】五脏身体寒热，风邪引起的头脑痛、面部浮肿。（出自《神农本草经》）长期服用能降气，使身体轻健，明目，延年益寿。
温中解肌，通利九窍，治疗鼻塞流涕，治疗面肿牵引牙齿痛，头晕目眩、身体摇晃如同在车船之上的人，促进须发生长，去除白虫（出自《名医别录》）。通关脉，治疗头痛怕冷，身体僵硬瘙痒。加入面脂中，能使面色光泽（出自《大明本草》）。治疗鼻渊、鼻鼽、鼻窒、鼻疮，以及痘疹后留下的鼻疮，都用研成粉末，加入少许麝香，用葱白蘸取塞入鼻孔数次，效果很好。
【发明】李时珍说：鼻气与天相通。天，指头部、肺部。肺开窍于鼻，而阳明胃脉环绕鼻子向上行走。
脑是元神所在的府邸，而鼻是命门之窍。人的中气不足，清阳之气不能上升，就会导致头部倾斜，九窍不通利。辛夷味辛性温，走气而入肺经，其质地轻浮，能帮助胃中清阳之气上行通达于头部（天）。所以能温中，治疗头、目、鼻的疾病。
(Registered as a Superior Grade in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica])
[Names] Xinzhi (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Houtao (same).
Li Shizhen said: "Yi" refers to "Ti" (young shoots). Its bud, when first emerging, resembles young grass shoots and tastes pungent. Yang Xiong wrote in the *Ganquan Fu*: "Arranging Xinzhi in the forest thickets." Fu Qian's annotation states: "This is indeed Xin Yi." The characters "Zhi" and "Yi" have similar pronunciations.
Chen Cangqi said: When the flower of Xin Yi has not yet opened, the bud resembles a small peach and has hairs, hence the name Houtao. When initially budding, it looks like a brush tip; northerners call it Mubi (Wooden Brush). Its flowering time is the earliest, so southerners call it Yingchun (Welcoming Spring).
[Collection and Explanation] The *Bielu* [Supplement to the Classic of Materia Medica] states: Xin Yi grows in the valleys of Hanzhong, Weixing, and Liangzhou. The tree resembles Eucommia ulmoides (Duzhong), growing over one zhang high. The fruit resembles winter peaches but is smaller. Fruits are harvested in September, dried in the sun, and the core and outer hairs are removed. The hairs can penetrate into the lungs, causing coughing.
Tao Hongjing said: It is now produced near Danyang. It resembles a peach; when young, it has a pungent and fragrant aroma.
Su Gong said: This is a tree, harvested before the flowers open. January and February are good times for collection. The statement about harvesting fruits in September is likely erroneous.
Miao Baosheng said: The tree can be as thick as a group hug, several ren tall. Leaves resemble those of Diospyros kaki (persimmon) but are narrower and longer. Flowers appear in January and February, resembling hairy small peaches, white with a purple tint. After petals fall, no fruit forms. Late summer sees another bloom, resembling a small brush. There is another variety where flowers and leaves are identical, but blooms in March and falls in April, producing red seeds resembling Cercis chinensis (Chinese redbud) seeds. Both types exist in mountain valleys.
Meng Yuxi said: In the imperial gardens, there are trees three or four zhang high with lush branches. Flowers bloom in January and February, purple-white. Leaves grow after petals fall; flowers regenerate in early summer. Through autumn and winter, leaves and buds enlarge, resembling hairy small peaches, only opening in January and February of the following year. Initially brought from Xingyuan Prefecture, the tree was only three or four chi high, having flowers but no fruit, taking over twenty years to bear fruit. Trees with shallow age do not bear fruit; this does not indicate two distinct species. The timing of blooming varies according to local climate and solar terms. Lei Xiao said: Xin Yi is found everywhere; households also plant it in gardens and pavilions. Flowers precede leaves, which is the Mubi flower. Before opening, the bud has hairs, pointed and long like a brush, thus named by analogy. Flowers come in peach-red and purple varieties; for medicinal use, the purple ones should be used, harvested before opening; fully opened ones are inferior. Li Shizhen said: Xin Yi flowers emerge from branches with buds half an cun long, sharp and neat like a brush tip, layered with greenish-yellow downy hairs spreading smoothly, about half a cun long. Upon opening, they resemble lotus flowers but are small as a cup, with purple buds enclosing red flames, emitting aromas of lotus and orchid. There are also white varieties, called Yulan (Magnolia). There are also double-petaled varieties. Previous authors' descriptions comparing buds to small peaches are inaccurate analogies.
[Processing] Lei Xiao said: When using Xin Yi, wipe away the reddish fleshy parts and hairs. Soak in banana leaf water overnight, then boil in rice wash water from Si hour (9-11 AM) to Wei hour (1-3 PM). Remove and dry in shade for use. If treating eye diseases, remove skin immediately, using only the inner solid part.
Kou Zongshi said: Slightly roast before incorporating into medicine.
[Properties and Flavors] Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: The flavors are thin, floating and dispersing, belonging to Yang. Enters the Hand Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian.
Xu Zhicai said: Chuanxiong rhizome (Chuanxiong) acts as its guiding herb. Dislikes Wushizhi (Five Minerals Earth), fears Changpu (Acorus tatarinowii), Puhuang (Lygodii Spora), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), and Huanghuan.
[Indications] Treats cold and heat sensations in the five viscera and body, wind-induced headache and facial swelling. Long-term use promotes descending Qi, lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and extends lifespan (*Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Warms the middle, resolves muscle tension, unblocks the nine orifices, treats nasal congestion and discharge, treats facial swelling radiating to toothache, dizziness, and a sensation of swaying as if on a boat or carriage. Promotes hair growth, removes white worms (*Bielu*). Unblocks meridians, treats headache with aversion to cold, body stiffness, and itching. Added to facial cosmetics to impart luster (*Da Ming Bencao*). Treats Biyuan (nasal sinusitis), Biqiu (allergic rhinitis), Bizhi (nasal obstruction), Bicrang (nasal sores), and post-smallpox nasal sores. Grind into powder, add a small amount of Moschus (Shexiang), dip scallion white into the mixture, and insert into nostrils several times; very effective.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Nasal qi connects with Heaven. Heaven refers to the head and the Lungs. The Lungs open into the nose, and the Yangming Stomach meridian circles the nose and ascends.
The brain is the mansion of the Primordial Spirit, and the nose is the aperture of the Gate of Life. When the Middle Qi is insufficient and Clear Yang fails to ascend, the head tilts, and the nine orifices become obstructed. Xin Yi is pungent and warm, moving Qi and entering the Lung channel. Its substance is light and floating, capable of assisting the Clear Yang of the Stomach to ascend and connect with Heaven (the head). Therefore, it warms the middle and treats diseases of the head, eyes, and nose.