（《拾遗》）
【释名】苦薏。时珍曰∶薏乃莲子之心，此物味苦似之，故与之同名。
【集解】藏器曰∶苦薏生泽畔，茎如马兰，花如菊。菊甘而薏苦，语曰苦如薏是也。
时珍曰∶苦薏处处原野极多，与菊无异，但叶薄小而多尖，花小而蕊多，如蜂窠状，气
味苦辛惨烈。
根、叶、茎、花
【气味】苦、辛，温，有小毒。
【主治】调中止泄，破血，妇人腹内宿血宜之（藏器）。治痈肿疔毒，瘰 眼息（时珍）。
【附方】新四。痈疽疔肿∶一切无名肿毒。《孙氏集效方》∶用野菊花连茎捣烂，酒煎热
服取汗，以渣敷之即愈。《卫生易简方》∶用野菊花茎叶、苍耳草各一握，共捣，入酒一碗，
绞汁服，以渣敷之，取汗即愈。或六月六日采苍耳叶，九月九日采野菊花，为末。每酒服三
钱，亦可。天泡湿疮∶野菊花根、枣木，煎汤洗之。（《医学集成》）瘰 未破∶野菊花根捣
烂，煎酒服，以渣敷之。自消，不消亦自破也。（《瑞竹堂经验方
（音淹闾《本经》上品）
【释名】覆闾。
时珍曰∶庵，草屋也。闾，里门也。此草乃蒿属，老茎可以盖覆庵闾，故以名之。《贞
元广利方》谓之庵 蒿云。又史注云∶庵庐，军行宿室也。则闾似当作庐。
【集解】《别录》曰∶庵 子生雍州川谷，亦生上党及道边，十月采实阴干。弘景曰∶
状如蒿艾之类，近道处处有之，仙经亦时用之，人家种此辟蛇也。颂曰∶今江淮亦有之。春
生苗，叶如艾蒿，高二、三尺。七月开花，八月结实，九月采实。时珍曰∶庵 叶不似艾，
似菊叶而薄，多细丫，面背皆青。高者四、五尺，其茎白色，如艾茎而粗。八、九月开细花，
淡黄色。结细实如艾实，中有细子，极易繁衍。艺花者以之接菊。
子
【气味】苦，微寒，无毒。《别录》曰∶微温。普曰∶神农、雷公、桐君、岐伯∶
苦，小温，无毒。李当之∶温。权曰∶辛，苦。
之才曰∶荆实、薏苡为之使。
【主治】五脏瘀血，腹中水气，胪胀留热，风寒湿痹，身体诸痛。久服轻身延年不老（
《本经》）。疗心下坚，隔中寒热，周痹，妇人月水不通，消食明目。 食之神仙（《别录
》）。益气，主男子阴痿不起，治心腹胀满（甄权）。腰脚重痛，膀胱痛，及骨节烦痛，不下
食（大明）。擂酒饮，治闪挫腰痛，及妇人产后血气痛（时珍）。
【发明】颂曰∶《本经》言久服轻身不老，而古方少有服食者，惟入诸杂治药中，如胡
洽治惊邪狸骨丸之类，大方中用之。孙思邈《千金翼》、《韦宙独行方》，主 折瘀血，并
单用庵 煮汁服，亦可末服。今人治打扑多用此法，或饮或散，其效最速。
时珍曰∶《吴普本草》及《名医别录》，并言 食庵 神仙，此亦谓其多寿尔。
乃兽名，似骡而小，前足长，后足短，不能自食，每负蹶鼠为之啮食。
【附方】旧一，新二。
月水不通，妇人宿有风冷，留血积聚，月水不通∶庵 子一升，桃仁二升（酒浸去皮尖）。
研匀入瓶内，以酒二斗浸，封五日后，每饮三合，日三服。（《圣惠方》）
产后血痛∶庵 子一两。水一升，童子小便二杯，煎饮。（《频湖集简方》）
【附录】对庐 《别录》有名未用曰∶味苦，寒，无毒。主疥疮久不瘳，生死肌，除大
热，煮汁洗之。似庵 。八月采。
【释名】苦薏。李时珍说：薏是莲子的心，这种植物味道苦像莲子心，所以和它同名。
【集解】孟诜说：苦薏生长在水泽边，茎像马兰，花像菊花。菊花味甘而苦薏味苦，俗语说“苦得像苦薏”就是指的这个。
李时珍说：苦薏在各地的原野上极多，与菊花没有区别，只是叶子薄小且多尖，花小而蕊多，像蜂巢一样，气味苦辛惨烈。
根、叶、茎、花
【气味】味苦、辛，性温，有小毒。
【主治】调理中焦止泻，破血，妇人腹内陈旧瘀血适宜使用（孟诜）。治疗痈肿疔毒，瘰疬眼疾（李时珍）。
【附方】新方四首。痈疽疔肿：一切无名肿毒。《孙氏集效方》：用野菊花连茎捣烂，用酒煎热服用取汗，将药渣敷在患处即愈。《卫生易简方》：用野菊花茎叶、苍耳草各一握，共同捣碎，加入一碗酒，绞取汁液服用，并将药渣敷在患处，出汗即愈。或者在六月六日采集苍耳叶，九月九日采集野菊花，研为末。每次用酒送服三钱，也可以。天泡湿疮：用野菊花根、枣木，煎汤清洗。（《医学集成》）瘰疬未破：用野菊花根捣烂，用酒煎服，并将药渣敷在患处。肿块自消，若不消也会自行破溃。（《瑞竹堂经验方》）
（音淹闾，《本经》上品）
【释名】覆闾。
李时珍说：庵，是草屋。闾，是里门。这种草属于蒿类，老茎可以用来覆盖草屋和里门，所以以此命名。《贞元广利方》称之为庵闾蒿。又有史书注释说：庵庐，是军队行军时的宿室。那么闾字似乎应当作庐字。
【集解】《名医别录》说：庵闾子生长在雍州的川谷，也生长在上党及道路旁边，十月采集果实阴干。陶弘景说：形状像蒿艾之类，靠近道路处处都有，仙家经典中也时常使用，人家种植此草以辟蛇。苏颂说：现在江淮地区也有。春天生苗，叶子像艾蒿，高二三尺。七月开花，八月结实，九月采集果实。李时珍说：庵闾叶不像艾，像菊叶但较薄，多细枝丫，正反两面都是青色。高的有四五尺，茎是白色的，像艾茎但更粗。八九月开细花，淡黄色。结细小的果实像艾实，里面有细种子，极易繁衍。种花的人用它来嫁接菊花。
子
【气味】味苦，微寒，无毒。《名医别录》说：微温。雷公说：神农、雷公、桐君、岐伯认为：味苦，小温，无毒。李当之认为：温。徐之才说：辛，苦。
徐之才说：荆实、薏苡作为它的使药。
【主治】五脏瘀血，腹中水气，腹部胀满留热，风寒湿痹，身体各种疼痛。长期服用轻身延年不老（《神农本草经》）。治疗心下坚硬，膈中寒热，周痹，妇女月经不通，消食明目。食用它成神仙（《名医别录》）。益气，主治男子阳痿不起，治疗心腹胀满（甄权）。腰脚重痛，膀胱痛，以及骨节烦痛，不下食（大明）。研磨后饮酒喝，治疗闪挫腰痛，以及妇女产后血气痛（李时珍）。
【发明】苏颂说：《神农本草经》说长期服用轻身不老，但古方中少有服食的，只进入各种杂治药物中，如胡洽治疗惊邪狸骨丸之类，大方中使用它。孙思邈《千金翼方》、《韦宙独行方》，主治跌打折伤瘀血，并单用庵闾煮汁服用，也可以研末服用。现在人治疗打扑损伤多用此法，或饮或散，效果最快。
李时珍说：《吴普本草》及《名医别录》，都说食用庵闾成神仙，这也是说它长寿罢了。乃是一种兽名，像骡子但较小，前足长，后足短，不能自己进食，常常背着蹶鼠让它咬食。
【附方】旧方一首，新方二首。
月经不通，妇人素有风冷，留血积聚，月经不通：庵闾子一升，桃仁二升（酒浸去皮尖）。研匀放入瓶内，用酒二斗浸泡，密封五日后，每次饮用三合，每日三次服用。（《圣惠方》）
产后血痛：庵闾子一两。水一升，童子小便二杯，煎煮饮用。（《频湖集简方》）
【附录】对庐 《名医别录》有名未用说：味苦，寒，无毒。主治疥疮久不愈，生死肌，除大热，煮汁清洗。类似庵闾。八月采集。
[Name] Kuyi. Li Shizhen stated: "Yi" refers to the heart of the lotus seed. This plant tastes bitter like the lotus seed heart, hence sharing the same name.
[Collection and Explanation] Meng Shen stated: "Kuyi" grows by the marshes; its stem resembles that of *Kalimeris indica* (Ma Lan), and its flower resembles that of chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum is sweet while Kuyi is bitter; the saying "bitter as Kuyi" refers to this.
Li Shizhen stated: "Kuyi" is extremely abundant in fields and wilds everywhere, indistinguishable from chrysanthemum, except that its leaves are thinner, smaller, and more pointed; its flowers are small with numerous stamens, resembling a honeycomb. Its odor and taste are bitter, pungent, and harsh.
Root, Leaf, Stem, Flower
[Odor and Taste] Bitter, Pungent, Warm, slightly toxic.
[Indications] Regulates the middle jiao and stops diarrhea, breaks blood stasis; suitable for women with old blood accumulation in the abdomen (Meng Shen). Treats carbuncles, sores, and ding toxins, scrofula, and eye diseases (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Four new prescriptions. Carbuncle, furuncle, and ding swelling: All kinds of nameless swellings and toxins. *Sun's Collected Effective Prescriptions*: Use wild chrysanthemum flowers with stems, pound into a paste, decoct with wine, take hot to induce sweating, and apply the dregs topically for cure. *Hygiene Easy and Simple Prescriptions*: Use one handful of wild chrysanthemum stems and leaves, and one handful of *Xanthium strumarium* (Cang Er) herbs, pound together, add one bowl of wine, squeeze out the juice and drink, apply dregs topically, induce sweating for cure. Alternatively, collect *Xanthium* leaves on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, and wild chrysanthemum on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, grind into powder. Take three qian with wine each time; this is also effective. Tianpao damp sores: Decoct roots of wild chrysanthemum and jujube wood, wash with the decoction. (*Medical Integration*) Scrofula unruptured: Pound roots of wild chrysanthemum, decoct with wine, drink, and apply dregs topically. The mass will resolve spontaneously; if not, it will rupture spontaneously. (*Rui Zhutang Experience Prescriptions*)
(Yin Yanlü, Upper Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Name] Fulu.
Li Shizhen stated: "An" means a thatched hut. "Lu" means a village gate. This herb belongs to the *Artemisia* genus; its old stems can be used to cover huts and gates, hence the name. *Zhenyuan Guangli Fang* calls it Anlü Hao. Historical annotations state: "Anlu" refers to military quarters during marches. Thus, "Lu" should likely be written as "Lu".
[Collection and Explanation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: "Anlü Zi" grows in the rivers and valleys of Yongzhou, and also along roads in Shangdang; harvest fruits in the tenth lunar month and dry in shade. Tao Hongjing stated: It resembles *Artemisia* or *Ai*; found everywhere near roads; used in immortal texts; planted by households to repel snakes. Su Song stated: Found in Jianghuai today. Sprouts in spring, leaves resemble *Artemisia*, two to three chi high. Flowers in seventh lunar month, fruits in eighth, harvested in ninth. Li Shizhen stated: Anlü leaves do not resemble *Ai*; they resemble chrysanthemum leaves but are thinner, with many fine branches, green on both sides. Height up to four or five chi; stems are white, thicker than *Ai*. Opens fine pale yellow flowers in eighth-ninth lunar months. Bears small fruits like *Ai* seeds, containing tiny seeds, reproducing easily. Florists use it to graft chrysanthemums.
Seed
[Odor and Taste] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. *Mingyi Bielu* states: Slightly warm. Lei Gong stated: Shennong, Lei Gong, Tongjun, Qibo: Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic. Li Dangzhi: Warm. Xu Zhicai: Pungent, Bitter.
Xu Zhicai stated: *Jingshi* and *Yiyi* serve as guiding drugs.
[Indications] Five zang organ blood stasis, fluid qi in abdomen, abdominal distension with retained heat, wind-cold-damp bi, various body pains. Long-term consumption lightens the body, extends life, prevents aging (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats hardness below the heart, cold-heat in the diaphragm, generalized bi, amenorrhea in women, aids digestion and brightens eyes. Eating it makes one an immortal (*Mingyi Bielu*). Tonifies qi, treats male impotence, resolves epigastric fullness (Zhen Quan). Heavy pain in waist and legs, bladder pain, joint soreness, loss of appetite (Daming). Grind and drink with wine to treat sprain-induced lower back pain and postpartum blood-qiang pain (Li Shizhen).
[Invention/Commentary] Su Song stated: *Shennong Bencao Jing* mentions long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging, yet ancient formulas rarely used it for ingestion; it was only included in miscellaneous treatments, such as Hu Qia's Jingxie Ligut Wan. Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Yifang* and *Weizhou Duxing Fang* treat traumatic blood stasis, using single Anlü decocted in water or taken as powder. Modern practitioners often use this method for trauma, either as liquid or powder, with rapid effects.
Li Shizhen stated: *Wu Pu Bencao* and *Mingyi Bielu* mention eating Anlü makes one an immortal; this implies longevity. "Nai" is a beast name, resembling a mule but smaller, with long front legs and short hind legs, unable to feed itself, carrying Jueshu mice to bite and feed it.
[Attached Prescriptions] One old, two new.
Amenorrhea due to wind-cold and blood accumulation: One sheng of Anlü Zi, two sheng of Taoren (soaked in wine, skin and tips removed). Grind uniformly, place in a jar, soak in two dou of wine, seal for five days. Drink three he per dose, three times daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Postpartum blood pain: One liang of Anlü Zi. One sheng of water, two cups of urine from a young boy. Decoct and drink. (*Pinhu Jijian Fang*)
[Appendix] Duilu *Mingyi Bielu* lists as "Named but Unused": Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Treats chronic tinea that does not heal, necrotic tissue, removes excessive heat; decoct and wash. Resembles Anlü. Harvest in eighth lunar month.