（《纲目》）
【释名】金刚钻。
时珍曰∶其砂可以钻玉补瓷，故谓之钻。
【集解】时珍曰∶金刚石，出天竺诸国及西番。葛洪《抱朴子》云∶扶南出金刚，生水
底石上，如钟乳状，体似紫石英，可以刻玉。人没水取之，虽铁椎击之亦不能伤。惟羚羊角
扣之，则 然冰泮。《丹房镜源》云∶紫背铅能碎金刚钻。
周密《齐东野语》云∶玉人攻玉，以恒河之砂，以金刚钻镂之，其形如鼠矢，青黑色，
如石如铁。相传出西域及回纥高山顶上，鹰隼粘带食入腹中，遗粪于河北砂碛间。未知然否？
《玄中记》云∶大秦国出金刚，一名削玉刀，大者长尺许，小者如稻黍，着环中，可以刻玉。
观此则金刚有甚大者，番僧以充佛牙是也。欲辨真伪，但烧赤淬醋中，如故不酥碎者为真。
若觉钝，则 赤，冷定即锐也。故西方以金刚喻佛性，羚羊角喻烦恼。《十洲记》载西海流
砂有昆吾石，治之作剑如铁，光明如水精，割玉如泥，此亦金刚之大者。又兽有貘及啮铁、
狡兔，皆能食铁，其粪俱可为兵切玉，详见兽部貘下。
【主治】磨水涂汤火伤。作钗 服佩，辟邪恶毒瓦斯（时珍）。
（音边。《纲目》）
【释名】针石。
【集解】时珍曰∶按∶《东山经》云∶高氏之山，凫丽之山，皆多针石。郭璞注云∶可
为砭针也。
《素问·异法方宜论》云∶东方之域，鱼盐之地，海滨傍水，其病为痈疡，其治宜砭石，
故砭石亦从东方来。王冰注云∶砭石如玉，可以为针。盖古者以石为针，季世以针代石，今
人又以瓷针刺病，亦砭之遗意也。但砭石无识者，岂即石 之属为之欤？
【主治】刺百病痈肿。
【附录】石 时珍曰∶石 出肃慎。国人以枯木为矢，青石为镞，施毒，中人即死。
石生山中。禹贡荆州、梁州皆贡 ，即此石也。又南方藤州，以青石为刀剑，如铜铁，妇人
用作环 。琉璃国人垦田，以石为刀，长尺余。皆此类也。
（《本草纲目》）
【释名】金刚钻。
李时珍说：这种砂可以用来钻孔玉器、修补瓷器，所以称为“钻”。
【集解】李时珍说：金刚石，出产于天竺各国以及西番地区。葛洪在《抱朴子》中说：扶南国出产金刚石，生长在水底的石头上，形状像钟乳石，体质类似紫石英，可以刻划玉石。人们潜入水中获取它，即使铁椎敲击也不能损伤它。只有用羚羊角触碰它，它就会像冰一样融化崩解。《丹房镜源》说：紫背铅能粉碎金刚石。
周密在《齐东野语》中说：玉工雕琢玉器，使用恒河的砂，配合金刚钻进行镂刻，其形状像老鼠屎，呈青黑色，像石头又像铁。相传产于西域及回纥高山山顶，鹰隼粘带吞食进入腹中，排泄粪便于河北的沙碛之间。不知是否如此？《玄中记》说：大秦国出产金刚石，又名削玉刀，大的长约一尺多，小的像稻黍米大小，镶嵌在戒指中，可以刻划玉石。看这些记载，金刚石有非常大的，番僧将其作为佛牙供奉。想要辨别真伪，只需将其烧红后淬入醋中，如果依然不酥松碎裂的就是真品。如果觉得钝，就再烧红，冷却定形后就会变得锐利。所以西方人用金刚比喻佛性，用羚羊角比喻烦恼。《十洲记》记载西海流沙中有昆吾石，加工制作成剑像铁一样，光亮如水精，切割玉石像切泥一样，这也是金刚石中较大的种类。又有兽类貘和啮铁兽、狡兔，都能吃铁，它们的粪便都可以用来制作兵器或切割玉石，详见兽部貘条下。
【主治】磨取汁液涂抹于汤火烫伤处。制作成钗环佩戴，可辟除邪恶毒气（李时珍）。
（音边。《本草纲目》）
【释名】针石。
【集解】李时珍说：查考《东山经》说：高氏山、凫丽山，都盛产针石。郭璞注释说：可以作为砭针使用。
《素问·异法方宜论》说：东方地域，是鱼盐之地，靠近海滨和水边，这里的人容易患痈疡病，治疗适宜用砭石，所以砭石也起源于东方。王冰注释说：砭石像玉一样，可以作为针。大概古代用石头做针，后世用金属针代替石针，现在的人又用瓷针刺治疾病，也是砭法的遗意。只是现在没有人识别砭石了，难道就是用石 这类石头制成的吗？
【主治】刺治各种疾病的痈肿。
【附录】石 李时珍说：石 出产于肃慎。当地人用枯木做箭杆，青石做箭头，涂上毒药，中人即死。石 生长在山中。《禹贡》记载荆州、梁州都进贡 ，就是这种石头。另外南方藤州，用青石制作刀剑，像铜铁一样，妇女用作环饰。琉璃国人开垦田地，用石头做刀，长一尺多。都是这一类的东西。
(From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Diamond drill.
Shizhen said: Its sand can be used to drill jade and repair porcelain, hence it is called "drill".
[Collected Explanations] Shizhen said: Diamond (Jingangshi) originates from various countries of Tianzhu (India) and Xifan (Western Regions). Ge Hong in *Baopuzi* stated: Funan produces diamond, which grows on stones at the bottom of water, resembling stalactites in shape, with a texture similar to Zhiyingshi (Purple Quartz), capable of carving jade. People dive into the water to retrieve it; even striking it with an iron mallet cannot damage it. Only when touched by an antelope horn does it melt like ice. *Danfang Jingyuan* states: Zi Bei Qian (Lead with purple back) can crush diamond.
Zhou Mi in *Qidong Yeyu* stated: Jade carvers use sand from the Ganges River combined with a diamond drill for engraving. The drill resembles mouse droppings, is dark green-black in color, and looks like stone or iron. It is traditionally said to originate from the high mountain peaks of the Western Regions and Uyghur lands, where birds of prey swallow it while feeding, and excrete it in the sandy deserts north of the Yellow River. Whether this is true remains unknown. *Xuanzhong Ji* states: Daqin (Rome) produces diamond, also known as "Jade-Cutting Knife". Large ones are about one chi long, small ones like rice grains, set in rings for carving jade. From these records, diamonds can be very large; Tibetan monks use them as relics of the Buddha's tooth. To distinguish authenticity, heat it until red and quench it in vinegar. If it remains intact without crumbling, it is genuine. If it feels dull, reheat it; upon cooling, it will become sharp again. Thus, in the West, diamond is used as a metaphor for Buddha-nature, and antelope horn for afflictions. *Shizhou Ji* records Kunwu Stone in the flowing sands of the West Sea; processed into swords like iron, shining like crystal, cutting jade like mud. This is also a large variety of diamond. There are also beasts such as Tapir, Tiechi (Iron-biter), and Jiaotu (Cunning Rabbit), all capable of eating iron; their feces can be used to make weapons or cut jade. See details under the Tapir entry in the Beast section.
[Therapeutic Actions] Grind with water and apply the liquid to scalds and burns. Worn as hairpins or pendants to ward off evil spirits and toxic vapors (Shizhen).
(Yin Bian. *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Names] Needle stone.
[Collected Explanations] Shizhen said: According to *Dongshan Jing*, Gaoshi Mountain and Fuli Mountain both produce abundant needle stones. Guo Pu's annotation states: They can be used as Bian needles.
*Suwen: Yifa Fangyi Lun* states: In the eastern regions, land of fish and salt, near the sea and waters, people suffer from sores and abscesses; the appropriate treatment is Bian stone. Hence, Bian stone also originated from the East. Wang Bing's annotation states: Bian stone is like jade and can serve as a needle. Generally, in ancient times, stone was used as needles; in later ages, metal needles replaced stone needles; nowadays, people use ceramic needles to treat diseases, which is also a remnant of the Bian method. However, no one currently recognizes Bian stone; could it be made from Shi [missing character] type stones?
[Therapeutic Actions] Puncture and treat various sores and swellings.
[Appendix] Shi [missing character] Shizhen said: Shi [missing character] originates from Sushen. The locals use dead wood for arrow shafts and green stone for arrowheads, applying poison; those struck die immediately. Shi [missing character] grows in mountains. *Yugong* records that Jingzhou and Liangzhou offered tribute of , which is this stone. Additionally, in Tengzhou in the south, green stone is used to make swords and knives, resembling copper and iron, worn by women as rings. People in Liuli country use stones as knives for farming, over one chi long. All are of this category.